0
Ranking · latest available · data as of 26 October 2026 · printed 27 Oct 2026
NationsTree / Rankings / R&D spending

R&D spending (% of GDP)

Spending on research and development (business, government, universities) as a share of GDP. Higher is better.

Source: World Bank · World Development Indicators · GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS

Top 5 over time

Dashed line: world median
CSV
#CountryRegionR&D spending% of GDPYear
1 Israel Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 6.35% of GDP 2023
2 Liechtenstein Europe & Central Asia 6.01% of GDP 2023
3 South Korea East Asia & Pacific 4.94% of GDP 2023
4 Sweden Europe & Central Asia 3.60% of GDP 2023
5 United States North America 3.45% of GDP 2023
6 Japan East Asia & Pacific 3.44% of GDP 2023
7 Belgium Europe & Central Asia 3.27% of GDP 2023
8 Austria Europe & Central Asia 3.26% of GDP 2023
9 Switzerland Europe & Central Asia 3.22% of GDP 2023
10 Germany Europe & Central Asia 3.15% of GDP 2023
11 Finland Europe & Central Asia 3.09% of GDP 2023
12 Denmark Europe & Central Asia 3.05% of GDP 2023
13 United Kingdom Europe & Central Asia 2.68% of GDP 2023
14 Iceland Europe & Central Asia 2.64% of GDP 2023
15 China East Asia & Pacific 2.58% of GDP 2023
16 Netherlands Europe & Central Asia 2.27% of GDP 2023
17 France Europe & Central Asia 2.18% of GDP 2023
18 Slovenia Europe & Central Asia 2.13% of GDP 2023
19 Australia East Asia & Pacific 1.86% of GDP 2021
20 Norway Europe & Central Asia 1.85% of GDP 2023
21 Estonia Europe & Central Asia 1.84% of GDP 2023
22 Czechia Europe & Central Asia 1.83% of GDP 2023
23 Singapore East Asia & Pacific 1.81% of GDP 2022
24 Canada North America 1.79% of GDP 2024
25 Portugal Europe & Central Asia 1.69% of GDP 2023
26 Ireland Europe & Central Asia 1.59% of GDP 2023
27 Poland Europe & Central Asia 1.56% of GDP 2023
28 New Zealand East Asia & Pacific 1.55% of GDP 2023
29 United Arab Emirates Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 1.49% of GDP 2021
30 Greece Europe & Central Asia 1.49% of GDP 2023
31 Spain Europe & Central Asia 1.49% of GDP 2023
32 Türkiye Europe & Central Asia 1.42% of GDP 2023
33 Croatia Europe & Central Asia 1.39% of GDP 2023
34 Italy Europe & Central Asia 1.38% of GDP 2023
35 Hungary Europe & Central Asia 1.38% of GDP 2023
36 Brazil Latin America & Caribbean 1.19% of GDP 2023
37 Hong Kong East Asia & Pacific 1.13% of GDP 2024
38 Luxembourg Europe & Central Asia 1.07% of GDP 2023
39 Lithuania Europe & Central Asia 1.05% of GDP 2023
40 Slovakia Europe & Central Asia 1.03% of GDP 2023
41 Egypt Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 1.02% of GDP 2024
42 Malaysia East Asia & Pacific 1.01% of GDP 2022
43 Serbia Europe & Central Asia 0.94% of GDP 2024
44 Russia Europe & Central Asia 0.94% of GDP 2024
45 Thailand East Asia & Pacific 0.94% of GDP 2023
46 Latvia Europe & Central Asia 0.82% of GDP 2023
47 Kenya Sub-Saharan Africa 0.81% of GDP 2024
48 Bulgaria Europe & Central Asia 0.79% of GDP 2023
49 Rwanda Sub-Saharan Africa 0.78% of GDP 2023
50 Iran Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 0.73% of GDP 2021
51 Uruguay Latin America & Caribbean 0.70% of GDP 2023
52 Cyprus Europe & Central Asia 0.68% of GDP 2023
53 Qatar Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 0.68% of GDP 2021
54 Malta Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 0.65% of GDP 2023
55 Namibia Sub-Saharan Africa 0.65% of GDP 2022
56 India South Asia 0.65% of GDP 2020
57 Saudi Arabia Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 0.64% of GDP 2024
58 South Africa Sub-Saharan Africa 0.61% of GDP 2022
59 Argentina Latin America & Caribbean 0.60% of GDP 2023
60 Belarus Europe & Central Asia 0.59% of GDP 2024
61 Romania Europe & Central Asia 0.52% of GDP 2023
62 Algeria Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 0.44% of GDP 2024
63 Cuba Latin America & Caribbean 0.44% of GDP 2024
64 Uganda Sub-Saharan Africa 0.44% of GDP 2023
65 Vietnam East Asia & Pacific 0.41% of GDP 2023
66 Chile Latin America & Caribbean 0.39% of GDP 2022
67 Oman Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 0.39% of GDP 2024
68 Congo Sub-Saharan Africa 0.38% of GDP 2022
69 North Macedonia Europe & Central Asia 0.37% of GDP 2024
70 Ukraine Europe & Central Asia 0.37% of GDP 2024
71 Costa Rica Latin America & Caribbean 0.34% of GDP 2023
72 Macao East Asia & Pacific 0.31% of GDP 2024
73 Colombia Latin America & Caribbean 0.29% of GDP 2020
74 Armenia Europe & Central Asia 0.29% of GDP 2024
75 Indonesia East Asia & Pacific 0.28% of GDP 2020
76 Philippines East Asia & Pacific 0.28% of GDP 2020
77 Georgia Europe & Central Asia 0.26% of GDP 2024
78 Mauritius Sub-Saharan Africa 0.26% of GDP 2024
79 Mexico Latin America & Caribbean 0.25% of GDP 2024
80 Bermuda North America 0.23% of GDP 2020
81 Togo Sub-Saharan Africa 0.22% of GDP 2024
82 Moldova Europe & Central Asia 0.22% of GDP 2024
83 Bosnia and Herzegovina Europe & Central Asia 0.21% of GDP 2024
84 Azerbaijan Europe & Central Asia 0.21% of GDP 2024
85 Albania Europe & Central Asia 0.20% of GDP 2022
86 Panama Latin America & Caribbean 0.20% of GDP 2024
87 Bahrain Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 0.19% of GDP 2024
88 Peru Latin America & Caribbean 0.18% of GDP 2023
89 Pakistan Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 0.16% of GDP 2023
90 Kazakhstan Europe & Central Asia 0.16% of GDP 2024
91 Andorra Europe & Central Asia 0.16% of GDP 2022
92 Mali Sub-Saharan Africa 0.15% of GDP 2023
93 Paraguay Latin America & Caribbean 0.14% of GDP 2023
94 Sri Lanka South Asia 0.11% of GDP 2022
95 Burkina Faso Sub-Saharan Africa 0.10% of GDP 2024
96 Uzbekistan Europe & Central Asia 0.10% of GDP 2024
97 El Salvador Latin America & Caribbean 0.10% of GDP 2023
98 Bhutan South Asia 0.10% of GDP 2024
99 Lesotho Sub-Saharan Africa 0.09% of GDP 2023
100 Turkmenistan Europe & Central Asia 0.09% of GDP 2023
101 Tajikistan Europe & Central Asia 0.09% of GDP 2020
102 Kuwait Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 0.09% of GDP 2024
103 Mongolia East Asia & Pacific 0.08% of GDP 2022
104 Bolivia Latin America & Caribbean 0.06% of GDP 2021
105 Kyrgyzstan Europe & Central Asia 0.05% of GDP 2024
106 Trinidad and Tobago Latin America & Caribbean 0.05% of GDP 2022
107 Syria Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 0.04% of GDP 2022
108 Iraq Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 0.04% of GDP 2021
109 Myanmar East Asia & Pacific 0.02% of GDP 2023
110 Guatemala Latin America & Caribbean 0.01% of GDP 2023
— American Samoa East Asia & Pacific 0.40% of GDP 2006
— Angola Sub-Saharan Africa 0.03% of GDP 2016
— Botswana Sub-Saharan Africa 0.56% of GDP 2013
— Brunei East Asia & Pacific 0.28% of GDP 2018
— Burundi Sub-Saharan Africa 0.21% of GDP 2018
— Cabo Verde Sub-Saharan Africa 0.07% of GDP 2011
— Cambodia East Asia & Pacific 0.09% of GDP 2015
— Chad Sub-Saharan Africa 0.23% of GDP 2016
— Côte d'Ivoire Sub-Saharan Africa 0.07% of GDP 2016
— DR Congo Sub-Saharan Africa 0.41% of GDP 2015
— Ecuador Latin America & Caribbean 0.44% of GDP 2014
— Eswatini Sub-Saharan Africa 0.28% of GDP 2015
— Ethiopia Sub-Saharan Africa 0.27% of GDP 2017
— Faroe Islands Europe & Central Asia 0.85% of GDP 2003
— Gabon Sub-Saharan Africa 0.58% of GDP 2009
— Gambia Sub-Saharan Africa 0.07% of GDP 2018
— Ghana Sub-Saharan Africa 0.38% of GDP 2010
— Greenland Europe & Central Asia 0.65% of GDP 2004
— Guam East Asia & Pacific 0.26% of GDP 2005
— Honduras Latin America & Caribbean 0.06% of GDP 2019
— Jamaica Latin America & Caribbean 0.06% of GDP 2002
— Jordan Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 0.70% of GDP 2016
— Laos East Asia & Pacific 0.04% of GDP 2002
— Madagascar Sub-Saharan Africa 0.01% of GDP 2017
— Malawi Sub-Saharan Africa 0.18% of GDP 2019
— Mauritania Sub-Saharan Africa 0.01% of GDP 2018
— Monaco Europe & Central Asia 0.04% of GDP 2005
— Montenegro Europe & Central Asia 0.36% of GDP 2019
— Morocco Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 0.66% of GDP 2010
— Mozambique Sub-Saharan Africa 0.31% of GDP 2015
— Nepal South Asia 0.30% of GDP 2010
— Nicaragua Latin America & Caribbean 0.11% of GDP 2015
— Nigeria Sub-Saharan Africa 0.28% of GDP 2019
— Palestine Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 0.45% of GDP 2013
— Papua New Guinea East Asia & Pacific 0.03% of GDP 2016
— Puerto Rico (US) Latin America & Caribbean 0.43% of GDP 2015
— Saint Lucia Latin America & Caribbean 0.27% of GDP 1999
— Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Latin America & Caribbean 0.11% of GDP 2002
— Senegal Sub-Saharan Africa 0.58% of GDP 2015
— Seychelles Sub-Saharan Africa 0.20% of GDP 2016
— Sudan Sub-Saharan Africa 0.23% of GDP 2005
— Tanzania Sub-Saharan Africa 0.51% of GDP 2013
— Tunisia Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 0.75% of GDP 2019
— US Virgin Islands Latin America & Caribbean 0.03% of GDP 2007
— Venezuela Latin America & Caribbean 0.34% of GDP 2014
— Zambia Sub-Saharan Africa 0.28% of GDP 2008

Latest value per country. Ranked: countries with data from the last 5 years of the series; older values are listed below without a rank. 110 ranked.

Comparison0 / 5
Compare