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Romania · data for latest available · data as of 26 October 2026 · printed 27 Oct 2026
NationsTree / Countries / Romania
2025
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Romania

Europe & Central Asia Capital Bucharest High income Nation age 696 years (since 1330) i ROU · RO
NationsTree Index 2025 i58.360th of 196 Tree height 2025 i19 msee ranking Military strength i74percentile
Population i19.0 m67th of 217 Area i238,397 km²82nd of 216 GDP i$428.68 bn38th of 210 GDP (PPP) i$968.04 bn intl.34th of 199 GDP per person (PPP) i$50,895 intl.52nd of 199 Life expectancy i76.5 years94th of 217
Index pillars
Foundations · roots i59
Strength · trunk i72
Quality of life · crown i70
Problems (higher = fewer) · dry branches i51
Direction (5-year change) · new shoots i16
CSV

In short

Romania is 60th of 196 countries in the NationsTree Index, with a score of 58.3 out of 100; its tree is 19 m tall.

It has 19.0 million people and an economy of $968.04 bn at purchasing power parity, 34th of 199 in the world.

Its strongest positions: Access to electricity (1st of 215), Hospital beds (7th of 145) and Adult literacy (13th of 98).

Its weakest positions: Government budget balance (177th of 192), GDP growth (181st of 210) and Inflation (147th of 180).

Over five years it fell from 41st to 60th in the index.

All data

Data as of 26 October 2026

Latest available value for each indicator, with its year. World rank is among countries with recent data (last 5 years of the series).

Land & people

48
Surface area ikm² 238,397 82nd/216
Land area ikm² 230,080 81st/216
Population ipeople 19.0 m 67th/217
Population growth i% -0.17% 186th/217
Population density ipeople/km² 82.8 121st/216
Urban population i% 52.2% 150th/217
Population aged 0–14 i% 15.6% 173rd/217
Population aged 65+ i% 20.1% 38th/217

Economy

52
GDP iUSD $428.68 bn 38th/210
GDP (PPP) iintl. USD $968.04 bn 34th/199
Real GDP (PPP, constant 2021 prices) iintl. USD 2021 $776.90 bn 36th/199
GDP per person iUSD $22,538 71st/210
GDP per person (PPP) iintl. USD $50,895 52nd/199
GNI per person (Atlas) iUSD $20,190 66th/201
GDP growth i% 0.7% 181st/210
Inflation i% 7.2% 147th/180
Unemployment i% 6.0% 112th/187
General government gross debt i% of GDP 60.4% 116th/189
Government budget balance i% of GDP -7.6% 177th/192

Main industries

54
Agriculture, forestry, fishing i% of GDP 3.0% 128th/197
Industry incl. construction i% of GDP 25.3% 81st/200
Manufacturing i% of GDP 11.8% 80th/192
Services i% of GDP 61.7% 73rd/200

Trade

55
Exports of goods & services iUSD $152.11 bn 39th/182
Imports of goods & services iUSD $174.60 bn 36th/182
Exports i% of GDP 35.5% 93rd/183
Imports i% of GDP 40.7% 100th/183
Trade openness i% of GDP 76.2% 105th/183
Fuel exports i% of merchandise exports 5.6% 71st/170
Manufactures exports i% of merchandise exports 77.1% 29th/171
Food exports i% of merchandise exports 13.0% 100th/171
Ores & metals exports i% of merchandise exports 2.7% 89th/171
High-tech exports i% of manufactured exports 13.4% 52nd/168
Current account balance i% of GDP -7.9% 164th/191
Foreign direct investment, inflows i% of GDP 2.2% 96th/196

Natural resources

66
Natural resource rents i% of GDP 1.1% 115th/209
Oil rents i% of GDP 0.38% 59th/197
Natural gas rents i% of GDP 0.53% 37th/197
Coal rents i% of GDP 0.02% 43rd/195
Mineral rents i% of GDP 0.03% 78th/209
Forest rents i% of GDP 0.18% 95th/209
Arable land i% of land area 36.4% 19th/206
Renewable freshwater per person im³ 2,225 99th/183

Tourism

62
International tourist arrivals iarrivals 5.0 m 37th/194
Tourism receipts iUSD $1.61 bn 58th/175
Tourism receipts i% of exports 1.7% 136th/168
Outbound trips idepartures 9.5 m 20th/107

Society & health

67
Life expectancy iyears 76.5 94th/217
Under-5 mortality iper 1,000 births 7.3 56th/196
Physicians iper 1,000 people 3.63 40th/174
Hospital beds iper 1,000 people 7.2 7th/145
DPT immunization i% of children 12–23 months 79% 148th/193
Completed lower secondary, 25+ i% of adults 93.4% 34th/153
Secondary enrolment i% gross 81.6% 125th/173
Social protection coverage (incl. pensions) i% of population 79.8% 10th/55
Old-age dependency ratio i% of working-age population 31.3% 35th/217
Health spending i% of GDP 5.7% 112th/193
Adult literacy i% 99.2% 13th/98
Tertiary enrolment i% gross 55.2% 68th/150
Human Development Index iindex 0–1 0.845 55th/193
Income inequality (Gini) iindex 29.8 21st/108
Extreme poverty i% of population 0.7% 40th/108

Infrastructure & digital

71
Access to electricity i% of population 100.0% 1st/215
Safely managed drinking water i% of population 82.2% 70th/150
Safely managed sanitation i% of population 89.8% 39th/144
Internet users i% of population 91.3% 48th/186
Mobile subscriptions iper 100 people 120 91st/210
Fixed broadband iper 100 people 35.8 40th/208
Trade & transport infrastructure quality (LPI) iscore 1–5 2.90 58th/164
Rail lines iroute-km 10,769 16th/82
Air passengers carried ipassengers 2.8 m 72nd/161

Environment & energy

50
CO₂ emissions per person it CO₂e 3.72 126th/203
Renewable energy i% of final energy use 23.6% 97th/212
Air pollution (PM2.5) iµg/m³ 16.0 92nd/200
Forest area i% of land area 30.2% 112th/214
Energy use per person ikg oil eq. 1,591 70th/149

Institutions & safety

62
Government effectiveness iscore 0–100 59.9 73rd/205
Control of corruption iscore 0–100 48.0 93rd/207
Rule of law iscore 0–100 63.5 80th/207
Political stability iscore 0–100 69.2 98th/207
Regulatory quality iscore 0–100 60.1 74th/205
Voice & accountability iscore 0–100 65.8 74th/205
Homicide rate iper 100,000 1.1 46th/145

Military

72
Military expenditure iUSD $9.73 bn 33rd/156
Military expenditure i% of GDP 2.3% 49th/156
Military expenditure i% of government spending 5.6% 70th/154
Armed forces personnel ipeople 128,000 48th/170
Armed forces personnel i% of labour force 1.52% 41st/168
Arms imports (SIPRI TIV) iTIV 421.0 m 26th/163
Arms exports (SIPRI TIV) iTIV 132.0 m 20th/65

Science & innovation

66
R&D spending i% of GDP 0.52% 61st/110
Patent applications by residents iapplications 747 37th/137
Scientific articles iarticles 10,713 41st/197

Compare Romania with

BelgiumIrelandKazakhstanNetherlandsSwitzerland

Sources

Figures on this page come from: World Bank — World Development Indicators, International Monetary Fund — World Economic Outlook (DataMapper), Global Change Data Lab (Our World in Data) — Our World in Data, World Bank — Worldwide Governance Indicators . Nation age: Wikidata P571 (inception) (source). Every value is stored with its year and source series; see Sources & licences and Methodology.

Cite as: NationsTree (2026). Romania — country profile. https://nationstree.org/countries/romania. Data as of 26 October 2026.

All figures come from official statistics published by public institutions (World Bank WDI and WGI, compiling UN agencies, IMF, WHO and national statistical offices). Each value carries its year; ranks are positions among countries with data.
Cite as: NationsTree (2026). Romania — country profile. https://nationstree.org/countries/romania. Data as of 26 October 2026.
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