0
Estonia · data for latest available · data as of 26 October 2026 · printed 27 Oct 2026
NationsTree / Countries / Estonia
2025
Flag of Estonia

Estonia

Europe & Central Asia Capital Tallinn High income Nation age 108 years (since 1918) i EST · EE
NationsTree Index 2025 i65.145th of 196 Tree height 2025 i5.2 msee ranking Military strength i27percentile
Population i1.4 m157th of 217 Area i45,340 km²130th of 216 GDP i$47.03 bn102nd of 210 GDP (PPP) i$71.20 bn intl.118th of 199 GDP per person (PPP) i$52,106 intl.49th of 199 Life expectancy i79.3 years56th of 217
Index pillars
Foundations · roots i75
Strength · trunk i52
Quality of life · crown i81
Problems (higher = fewer) · dry branches i65
Direction (5-year change) · new shoots i29
CSV

In short

Estonia is 45th of 196 countries in the NationsTree Index, with a score of 65.1 out of 100; its tree is 5.2 m tall.

It has 1.4 million people and an economy of $71.20 bn at purchasing power parity, 118th of 199 in the world.

Its strongest positions: Access to electricity (1st of 215), Under-5 mortality (2nd of 196) and Control of corruption (14th of 207).

Its weakest positions: GDP growth (185th of 210), CO₂ emissions per person (175th of 203) and Inflation (137th of 180).

Over five years it fell from 37th to 45th in the index.

All data

Data as of 26 October 2026

Latest available value for each indicator, with its year. World rank is among countries with recent data (last 5 years of the series).

Land & people

39
Surface area ikm² 45,340 130th/216
Land area ikm² 42,730 130th/216
Population ipeople 1.4 m 157th/217
Population growth i% -0.43% 196th/217
Population density ipeople/km² 32.1 169th/216
Urban population i% 70.7% 86th/217
Population aged 0–14 i% 15.3% 175th/217
Population aged 65+ i% 21.8% 21st/217

Economy

52
GDP iUSD $47.03 bn 102nd/210
GDP (PPP) iintl. USD $71.20 bn 118th/199
Real GDP (PPP, constant 2021 prices) iintl. USD 2021 $56.85 bn 120th/199
GDP per person iUSD $34,418 51st/210
GDP per person (PPP) iintl. USD $52,106 49th/199
GNI per person (Atlas) iUSD $32,310 46th/201
GDP growth i% 0.6% 185th/210
Inflation i% 4.8% 137th/180
Unemployment i% 8.3% 135th/187
General government gross debt i% of GDP 24.0% 22nd/189
Government budget balance i% of GDP -2.0% 77th/192

Main industries

47
Agriculture, forestry, fishing i% of GDP 1.6% 152nd/197
Industry incl. construction i% of GDP 19.7% 128th/200
Manufacturing i% of GDP 10.8% 90th/192
Services i% of GDP 65.8% 51st/200

Trade

62
Exports of goods & services iUSD $36.85 bn 76th/182
Imports of goods & services iUSD $36.40 bn 73rd/182
Exports i% of GDP 78.4% 19th/183
Imports i% of GDP 77.4% 25th/183
Trade openness i% of GDP 155.8% 18th/183
Fuel exports i% of merchandise exports 7.6% 61st/170
Manufactures exports i% of merchandise exports 65.1% 47th/171
Food exports i% of merchandise exports 12.5% 103rd/171
Ores & metals exports i% of merchandise exports 1.8% 110th/171
High-tech exports i% of manufactured exports 18.4% 37th/168
Current account balance i% of GDP 0.3% 73rd/191
Foreign direct investment, inflows i% of GDP -2.2% 189th/196

Natural resources

64
Natural resource rents i% of GDP 1.7% 102nd/209
Oil rents i% of GDP 0.96% 45th/197
Natural gas rents i% of GDP 0.00% 100th/197
Coal rents i% of GDP 0.00% 68th/195
Mineral rents i% of GDP 0.00% 91st/209
Forest rents i% of GDP 0.76% 61st/209
Arable land i% of land area 16.5% 66th/206
Renewable freshwater per person im³ 9,423 48th/183

Tourism

48
International tourist arrivals iarrivals 1.7 m 76th/194
Tourism receipts iUSD $865.0 m 79th/175
Tourism receipts i% of exports 4.0% 92nd/168
Outbound trips idepartures 558,000 75th/107

Society & health

76
Life expectancy iyears 79.3 56th/217
Under-5 mortality iper 1,000 births 2.0 2nd/196
Physicians iper 1,000 people 3.47 46th/174
Hospital beds iper 1,000 people 4.1 33rd/145
DPT immunization i% of children 12–23 months 81% 142nd/193
Completed lower secondary, 25+ i% of adults 98.7% 11th/153
Secondary enrolment i% gross 108.5% 28th/173
Old-age dependency ratio i% of working-age population 34.6% 21st/217
Health spending i% of GDP 7.8% 65th/193
Adult literacy i% 99.9%2011
Tertiary enrolment i% gross 65.7% 55th/150
Human Development Index iindex 0–1 0.905 36th/193
Income inequality (Gini) iindex 30.7 28th/108
Extreme poverty i% of population 0.3% 23rd/108

Infrastructure & digital

66
Access to electricity i% of population 100.0% 1st/215
Safely managed drinking water i% of population 98.9% 30th/150
Safely managed sanitation i% of population 90.6% 35th/144
Internet users i% of population 92.2% 43rd/186
Mobile subscriptions iper 100 people 151 31st/210
Fixed broadband iper 100 people 35.4 43rd/208
Trade & transport infrastructure quality (LPI) iscore 1–5 3.50 38th/164
Rail lines iroute-km 1,033 65th/82
Air passengers carried ipassengers 857 160th/161

Environment & energy

67
CO₂ emissions per person it CO₂e 7.76 175th/203
Renewable energy i% of final energy use 38.0% 64th/212
Air pollution (PM2.5) iµg/m³ 5.9 19th/200
Forest area i% of land area 57.2% 40th/214
Energy use per person ikg oil eq. 3,098 33rd/149

Institutions & safety

85
Government effectiveness iscore 0–100 83.0 20th/205
Control of corruption iscore 0–100 81.1 14th/207
Rule of law iscore 0–100 82.3 22nd/207
Political stability iscore 0–100 81.2 50th/207
Regulatory quality iscore 0–100 79.1 18th/205
Voice & accountability iscore 0–100 82.4 17th/205
Homicide rate iper 100,000 1.5 60th/145

Military

55
Military expenditure iUSD $1.58 bn 70th/156
Military expenditure i% of GDP 3.4% 20th/156
Military expenditure i% of government spending 7.5% 44th/154
Armed forces personnel ipeople 7,000 142nd/170
Armed forces personnel i% of labour force 1.00% 69th/168
Arms imports (SIPRI TIV) iTIV 204.0 m 38th/163
Arms exports (SIPRI TIV) iTIV 2.0 m 56th/65

Science & innovation

60
R&D spending i% of GDP 1.84% 21st/110
Patent applications by residents iapplications 27 87th/137
Scientific articles iarticles 1,754 74th/197

Compare Estonia with

AlbaniaArmeniaBosnia and HerzegovinaCyprusKyrgyzstanLatviaTajikistan

Sources

Figures on this page come from: World Bank — World Development Indicators, International Monetary Fund — World Economic Outlook (DataMapper), Global Change Data Lab (Our World in Data) — Our World in Data, World Bank — Worldwide Governance Indicators . Nation age: Wikidata P571 (inception) (source). Every value is stored with its year and source series; see Sources & licences and Methodology.

Cite as: NationsTree (2026). Estonia — country profile. https://nationstree.org/countries/estonia. Data as of 26 October 2026.

All figures come from official statistics published by public institutions (World Bank WDI and WGI, compiling UN agencies, IMF, WHO and national statistical offices). Each value carries its year; ranks are positions among countries with data.
Cite as: NationsTree (2026). Estonia — country profile. https://nationstree.org/countries/estonia. Data as of 26 October 2026.
Comparison0 / 5
Compare