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Madagascar · data for latest available · data as of 26 October 2026 · printed 27 Oct 2026
NationsTree / Countries / Madagascar
2025
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Madagascar

Sub-Saharan Africa Capital Antananarivo Low income Nation age 66 years (since 1960) i MDG · MG
NationsTree Index 2025 i19.7189th of 196 Tree height 2025 i4.0 msee ranking Military strength i27percentile
Population i32.7 m49th of 217 Area i591,896 km²48th of 216 GDP i$19.62 bn135th of 210 GDP (PPP) i$63.93 bn intl.123rd of 199 GDP per person (PPP) i$1,952 intl.193rd of 199 Life expectancy i63.8 years196th of 217
Index pillars
Foundations · roots i9
Strength · trunk i37
Quality of life · crown i6
Problems (higher = fewer) · dry branches i35
Direction (5-year change) · new shoots i14
CSV

In short

Madagascar is 189th of 196 countries in the NationsTree Index, with a score of 19.7 out of 100; its tree is 4.0 m tall.

It has 32.7 million people and an economy of $63.93 bn at purchasing power parity, 123rd of 199 in the world.

Its strongest positions: Renewable energy (9th of 212), CO₂ emissions per person (16th of 203) and Unemployment (42nd of 187).

Its weakest positions: GDP per person (207th of 210), GNI per person (Atlas) (198th of 201) and Trade & transport infrastructure quality (LPI) (161st of 164).

Over five years it fell from 166th to 189th in the index.

All data

Data as of 26 October 2026

Latest available value for each indicator, with its year. World rank is among countries with recent data (last 5 years of the series).

Land & people

59
Surface area ikm² 591,896 48th/216
Land area ikm² 581,800 44th/216
Population ipeople 32.7 m 49th/217
Population growth i% 2.40% 28th/217
Population density ipeople/km² 54.9 150th/216
Urban population i% 32.9% 188th/217
Population aged 0–14 i% 38.9% 29th/217
Population aged 65+ i% 3.5% 180th/217

Economy

34
GDP iUSD $19.62 bn 135th/210
GDP (PPP) iintl. USD $63.93 bn 123rd/199
Real GDP (PPP, constant 2021 prices) iintl. USD 2021 $54.63 bn 122nd/199
GDP per person iUSD $599 207th/210
GDP per person (PPP) iintl. USD $1,952 193rd/199
GNI per person (Atlas) iUSD $560 198th/201
GDP growth i% 3.0% 115th/210
Inflation i% 8.1% 151st/180
Unemployment i% 3.0% 42nd/187
General government gross debt i% of GDP 47.7% 81st/189
Government budget balance i% of GDP -2.1% 79th/192

Main industries

57
Agriculture, forestry, fishing i% of GDP 21.7% 31st/197
Industry incl. construction i% of GDP 23.9% 99th/200
Manufacturing i% of GDP 13.1% 63rd/192
Services i% of GDP 48.8% 151st/200

Trade

42
Exports of goods & services iUSD $4.19 bn 136th/182
Imports of goods & services iUSD $6.46 bn 133rd/182
Exports i% of GDP 21.3% 142nd/183
Imports i% of GDP 32.9% 122nd/183
Trade openness i% of GDP 54.2% 136th/183
Fuel exports i% of merchandise exports 2.6% 92nd/170
Manufactures exports i% of merchandise exports 32.3% 88th/171
Food exports i% of merchandise exports 30.5% 48th/171
Ores & metals exports i% of merchandise exports 32.9% 15th/171
High-tech exports i% of manufactured exports 1.0% 148th/168
Current account balance i% of GDP -6.0% 150th/191
Foreign direct investment, inflows i% of GDP 4.5% 45th/196

Natural resources

63
Natural resource rents i% of GDP 5.5% 67th/209
Oil rents i% of GDP 0.08% 76th/197
Natural gas rents i% of GDP 0.00% 100th/197
Coal rents i% of GDP 0.00% 68th/195
Mineral rents i% of GDP 0.00% 91st/209
Forest rents i% of GDP 5.45% 13th/209
Arable land i% of land area 5.2% 136th/206
Renewable freshwater per person im³ 11,072 42nd/183

Tourism

34
International tourist arrivals iarrivals 87,100 167th/194
Tourism receipts iUSD $202.0 m 125th/175
Tourism receipts i% of exports 7.8% 69th/168
Outbound trips idepartures 39,0001995

Society & health

11
Life expectancy iyears 63.8 196th/217
Under-5 mortality iper 1,000 births 62.4 178th/196
Physicians iper 1,000 people 0.17 152nd/174
Hospital beds iper 1,000 people 0.32014
DPT immunization i% of children 12–23 months 60% 184th/193
Completed lower secondary, 25+ i% of adults 18.4% 142nd/153
Secondary enrolment i% gross 34.1% 167th/173
Social protection coverage (incl. pensions) i% of population 5.7%2010
Old-age dependency ratio i% of working-age population 6.0% 179th/217
Health spending i% of GDP 3.4% 170th/193
Adult literacy i% 74.7% 74th/98
Tertiary enrolment i% gross 6.1% 146th/150
Human Development Index iindex 0–1 0.487 183rd/193
Income inequality (Gini) iindex 36.8 71st/108
Extreme poverty i% of population 69.2% 105th/108

Infrastructure & digital

9
Access to electricity i% of population 42.5% 204th/215
Safely managed drinking water i% of population 22.1% 136th/150
Safely managed sanitation i% of population 12.8% 137th/144
Internet users i% of population 18.7% 179th/186
Mobile subscriptions iper 100 people 75 171st/210
Fixed broadband iper 100 people 0.1 192nd/208
Trade & transport infrastructure quality (LPI) iscore 1–5 1.80 161st/164
Rail lines iroute-km 673 73rd/82
Air passengers carried ipassengers 313,313 126th/161

Environment & energy

59
CO₂ emissions per person it CO₂e 0.15 16th/203
Renewable energy i% of final energy use 83.1% 9th/212
Air pollution (PM2.5) iµg/m³ 12.4 62nd/200
Forest area i% of land area 17.3% 140th/214
Energy use per person ikg oil eq. 302 143rd/149

Institutions & safety

22
Government effectiveness iscore 0–100 34.5 174th/205
Control of corruption iscore 0–100 27.1 171st/207
Rule of law iscore 0–100 43.1 160th/207
Political stability iscore 0–100 56.4 155th/207
Regulatory quality iscore 0–100 41.2 167th/205
Voice & accountability iscore 0–100 45.8 134th/205

Military

19
Military expenditure iUSD $119.7 m 136th/156
Military expenditure i% of GDP 0.6% 137th/156
Military expenditure i% of government spending 3.8% 114th/154
Armed forces personnel ipeople 22,000 100th/170
Armed forces personnel i% of labour force 0.15% 156th/168
Arms imports (SIPRI TIV) iTIV 3.0 m 141st/163

Science & innovation

23
R&D spending i% of GDP 0.01%2017
Patent applications by residents iapplications 3 118th/137
Scientific articles iarticles 153 133rd/197

Compare Madagascar with

BeninBurkina FasoChadGuineaMozambiqueNigerRwanda

Sources

Figures on this page come from: World Bank — World Development Indicators, International Monetary Fund — World Economic Outlook (DataMapper), Global Change Data Lab (Our World in Data) — Our World in Data, World Bank — Worldwide Governance Indicators . Nation age: Wikidata P571 (inception) (source). Every value is stored with its year and source series; see Sources & licences and Methodology.

Cite as: NationsTree (2026). Madagascar — country profile. https://nationstree.org/countries/madagascar. Data as of 26 October 2026.

All figures come from official statistics published by public institutions (World Bank WDI and WGI, compiling UN agencies, IMF, WHO and national statistical offices). Each value carries its year; ranks are positions among countries with data.
Cite as: NationsTree (2026). Madagascar — country profile. https://nationstree.org/countries/madagascar. Data as of 26 October 2026.
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