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Mongolia · data for latest available · data as of 26 October 2026 · printed 27 Oct 2026
NationsTree / Countries / Mongolia
2025
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Mongolia

East Asia & Pacific Capital Ulaanbaatar Upper middle income Nation age 820 years (since 1206) i MNG · MN
NationsTree Index 2025 i50.985th of 196 Tree height 2025 i5.1 msee ranking Military strength i28percentile
Population i3.6 m132nd of 217 Area i1,564,116 km²18th of 216 GDP i$25.37 bn123rd of 210 GDP (PPP) i$74.23 bn intl.115th of 199 GDP per person (PPP) i$20,798 intl.102nd of 199 Life expectancy i72.4 years134th of 217
Index pillars
Foundations · roots i56
Strength · trunk i38
Quality of life · crown i61
Problems (higher = fewer) · dry branches i40
Direction (5-year change) · new shoots i61
CSV

In short

Mongolia is 85th of 196 countries in the NationsTree Index, with a score of 50.9 out of 100; its tree is 5.1 m tall.

It has 3.6 million people and an economy of $74.23 bn at purchasing power parity, 115th of 199 in the world.

Its strongest positions: Social protection coverage (incl. pensions) (2nd of 55), Hospital beds (4th of 145) and GDP growth (21st of 210).

Its weakest positions: R&D spending (103rd of 110), Air pollution (PM2.5) (182nd of 200) and CO₂ emissions per person (177th of 203).

Over five years it climbed from 87th to 85th in the index.

All data

Data as of 26 October 2026

Latest available value for each indicator, with its year. World rank is among countries with recent data (last 5 years of the series).

Land & people

57
Surface area ikm² 1,564,116 18th/216
Land area ikm² 1,558,501 18th/216
Population ipeople 3.6 m 132nd/217
Population growth i% 1.25% 83rd/217
Population density ipeople/km² 2.3 215th/216
Urban population i% 71.1% 85th/217
Population aged 0–14 i% 31.6% 62nd/217
Population aged 65+ i% 5.4% 142nd/217

Economy

52
GDP iUSD $25.37 bn 123rd/210
GDP (PPP) iintl. USD $74.23 bn 115th/199
Real GDP (PPP, constant 2021 prices) iintl. USD 2021 $63.43 bn 115th/199
GDP per person iUSD $7,108 119th/210
GDP per person (PPP) iintl. USD $20,798 102nd/199
GNI per person (Atlas) iUSD $6,210 118th/201
GDP growth i% 6.8% 21st/210
Inflation i% 8.6% 154th/180
Unemployment i% 5.2% 95th/187
Central government debt i% of GDP 43.3% 20th/55
General government gross debt i% of GDP 45.0% 75th/189
Government budget balance i% of GDP 2.2% 23rd/192

Main industries

48
Agriculture, forestry, fishing i% of GDP 8.9% 75th/197
Industry incl. construction i% of GDP 37.2% 22nd/200
Manufacturing i% of GDP 5.9% 144th/192
Services i% of GDP 44.3% 171st/200

Trade

60
Exports of goods & services iUSD $17.27 bn 94th/182
Imports of goods & services iUSD $15.89 bn 101st/182
Exports i% of GDP 68.1% 32nd/183
Imports i% of GDP 62.6% 51st/183
Trade openness i% of GDP 130.7% 33rd/183
Fuel exports i% of merchandise exports 61.1% 19th/170
Manufactures exports i% of merchandise exports 1.7% 164th/171
Food exports i% of merchandise exports 3.3% 146th/171
Ores & metals exports i% of merchandise exports 26.3% 21st/171
High-tech exports i% of manufactured exports 22.5% 29th/168
Current account balance i% of GDP -8.4% 166th/191
Foreign direct investment, inflows i% of GDP 10.8% 15th/196

Natural resources

70
Natural resource rents i% of GDP 33.1% 8th/209
Oil rents i% of GDP 1.50% 42nd/197
Natural gas rents i% of GDP 0.00% 100th/197
Coal rents i% of GDP 4.89% 2nd/195
Mineral rents i% of GDP 26.57% 3rd/209
Forest rents i% of GDP 0.17% 96th/209
Arable land i% of land area 0.7% 191st/206
Renewable freshwater per person im³ 10,135 44th/183

Tourism

9
International tourist arrivals iarrivals 66,900 176th/194
Tourism receipts iUSD $49.0 m 155th/175
Tourism receipts i% of exports 0.6% 159th/168

Society & health

67
Life expectancy iyears 72.4 134th/217
Under-5 mortality iper 1,000 births 13.4 93rd/196
Physicians iper 1,000 people 4.13 28th/174
Hospital beds iper 1,000 people 8.6 4th/145
DPT immunization i% of children 12–23 months 96% 48th/193
Completed lower secondary, 25+ i% of adults 92.8% 39th/153
Secondary enrolment i% gross 96.8% 74th/173
Social protection coverage (incl. pensions) i% of population 92.6% 2nd/55
Old-age dependency ratio i% of working-age population 8.6% 141st/217
Health spending i% of GDP 6.1% 102nd/193
Adult literacy i% 98.6% 17th/98
Tertiary enrolment i% gross 69.0% 51st/150
Human Development Index iindex 0–1 0.747 104th/193
Income inequality (Gini) iindex 31.4 32nd/108
Extreme poverty i% of population 0.4% 27th/108

Infrastructure & digital

45
Access to electricity i% of population 99.1% 134th/215
Safely managed drinking water i% of population 43.4% 117th/150
Safely managed sanitation i% of population 69.9% 64th/144
Internet users i% of population 85.1% 83rd/186
Mobile subscriptions iper 100 people 141 39th/210
Fixed broadband iper 100 people 15.8 99th/208
Trade & transport infrastructure quality (LPI) iscore 1–5 2.30 117th/164
Rail lines iroute-km 1,821 54th/82
Air passengers carried ipassengers 773,702 106th/161

Environment & energy

26
CO₂ emissions per person it CO₂e 7.85 177th/203
Renewable energy i% of final energy use 3.0% 174th/212
Air pollution (PM2.5) iµg/m³ 42.7 182nd/200
Forest area i% of land area 9.1% 169th/214
Energy use per person ikg oil eq. 2,396 48th/149

Institutions & safety

48
Government effectiveness iscore 0–100 48.1 125th/205
Control of corruption iscore 0–100 39.0 128th/207
Rule of law iscore 0–100 56.7 103rd/207
Political stability iscore 0–100 75.5 74th/207
Regulatory quality iscore 0–100 54.6 97th/205
Voice & accountability iscore 0–100 62.0 87th/205
Homicide rate iper 100,000 5.9 101st/145

Military

29
Military expenditure iUSD $221.3 m 124th/156
Military expenditure i% of GDP 0.9% 124th/156
Military expenditure i% of government spending 2.5% 131st/154
Armed forces personnel ipeople 18,000 110th/170
Armed forces personnel i% of labour force 1.27% 52nd/168
Arms imports (SIPRI TIV) iTIV 3.0 m 141st/163

Science & innovation

32
R&D spending i% of GDP 0.08% 103rd/110
Patent applications by residents iapplications 89 72nd/137
Scientific articles iarticles 277 117th/197

Compare Mongolia with

BruneiCambodiaFijiLaosMacaoPapua New Guinea

Sources

Figures on this page come from: World Bank — World Development Indicators, International Monetary Fund — World Economic Outlook (DataMapper), Global Change Data Lab (Our World in Data) — Our World in Data, World Bank — Worldwide Governance Indicators . Nation age: Mongol Empire founded by Genghis Khan (source). Every value is stored with its year and source series; see Sources & licences and Methodology.

Cite as: NationsTree (2026). Mongolia — country profile. https://nationstree.org/countries/mongolia. Data as of 26 October 2026.

All figures come from official statistics published by public institutions (World Bank WDI and WGI, compiling UN agencies, IMF, WHO and national statistical offices). Each value carries its year; ranks are positions among countries with data.
Cite as: NationsTree (2026). Mongolia — country profile. https://nationstree.org/countries/mongolia. Data as of 26 October 2026.
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