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Saudi Arabia · data for latest available · data as of 26 October 2026 · printed 27 Oct 2026
NationsTree / Countries / Saudi Arabia
2025
Flag of Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia

Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan Capital Riyadh High income Nation age 299 years (since 1727) i SAU · SA
NationsTree Index 2025 i76.515th of 196 Tree height 2025 i35 msee ranking Military strength i66percentile
Population i37.0 m43rd of 217 Area i2,149,690 km²12th of 216 GDP i$1.28 trn19th of 210 GDP (PPP) i$2.73 trn intl.17th of 199 GDP per person (PPP) i$73,784 intl.25th of 199 Life expectancy i79.0 years57th of 217
Index pillars
Foundations · roots i77
Strength · trunk i81
Quality of life · crown i76
Problems (higher = fewer) · dry branches i60
Direction (5-year change) · new shoots i100
CSV

In short

Saudi Arabia is 15th of 196 countries in the NationsTree Index, with a score of 76.5 out of 100; its tree is 35 m tall.

It has 37.0 million people and an economy of $2.73 trn at purchasing power parity, 17th of 199 in the world.

Its strongest positions: Access to electricity (1st of 215), Internet users (1st of 186) and Fixed broadband (18th of 208).

Its weakest positions: Air pollution (PM2.5) (199th of 200), CO₂ emissions per person (196th of 203) and Renewable freshwater per person (175th of 183).

Over five years it climbed from 46th to 15th in the index.

All data

Data as of 26 October 2026

Latest available value for each indicator, with its year. World rank is among countries with recent data (last 5 years of the series).

Land & people

65
Surface area ikm² 2,149,690 12th/216
Land area ikm² 2,149,690 12th/216
Population ipeople 37.0 m 43rd/217
Population growth i% 4.63% 2nd/217
Population density ipeople/km² 16.4 196th/216
Urban population i% 84.6% 47th/217
Population aged 0–14 i% 23.6% 105th/217
Population aged 65+ i% 3.1% 195th/217

Economy

76
GDP iUSD $1.28 trn 19th/210
GDP (PPP) iintl. USD $2.73 trn 17th/199
Real GDP (PPP, constant 2021 prices) iintl. USD 2021 $2.33 trn 17th/199
GDP per person iUSD $34,537 50th/210
GDP per person (PPP) iintl. USD $73,784 25th/199
GNI per person (Atlas) iUSD $36,070 41st/201
GDP growth i% 4.5% 63rd/210
Inflation i% 2.0% 59th/180
Unemployment i% 3.0% 41st/187
General government gross debt i% of GDP 31.8% 40th/189
Government budget balance i% of GDP -5.8% 161st/192

Main industries

58
Agriculture, forestry, fishing i% of GDP 2.6% 138th/197
Industry incl. construction i% of GDP 43.0% 12th/200
Manufacturing i% of GDP 15.8% 37th/192
Services i% of GDP 48.9% 149th/200

Trade

45
Exports of goods & services iUSD $379.83 bn 27th/182
Imports of goods & services iUSD $359.76 bn 27th/182
Exports i% of GDP 29.7% 114th/183
Imports i% of GDP 28.2% 142nd/183
Trade openness i% of GDP 57.9% 131st/183
Fuel exports i% of merchandise exports 78.7% 11th/170
Manufactures exports i% of merchandise exports 16.7% 113th/171
Food exports i% of merchandise exports 2.2% 152nd/171
Ores & metals exports i% of merchandise exports 1.2% 127th/171
High-tech exports i% of manufactured exports 0.5% 154th/168
Current account balance i% of GDP -2.6% 107th/191
Foreign direct investment, inflows i% of GDP 2.6% 81st/196

Natural resources

57
Natural resource rents i% of GDP 25.6% 17th/209
Oil rents i% of GDP 23.69% 6th/197
Natural gas rents i% of GDP 1.72% 26th/197
Coal rents i% of GDP 0.00% 68th/195
Mineral rents i% of GDP 0.16% 65th/209
Forest rents i% of GDP 0.00% 170th/209
Arable land i% of land area 2.0% 169th/206
Renewable freshwater per person im³ 75 175th/183

Tourism

78
International tourist arrivals iarrivals 20.3 m 13th/194
Tourism receipts iUSD $5.96 bn 27th/175
Tourism receipts i% of exports 3.2% 104th/168
Outbound trips idepartures 27.2 m 6th/107

Society & health

66
Life expectancy iyears 79.0 57th/217
Under-5 mortality iper 1,000 births 6.0 51st/196
Physicians iper 1,000 people 3.41 48th/174
Hospital beds iper 1,000 people 2.4 77th/145
DPT immunization i% of children 12–23 months 97% 29th/193
Completed lower secondary, 25+ i% of adults 85.8% 60th/153
Secondary enrolment i% gross 110.7% 24th/173
Old-age dependency ratio i% of working-age population 4.2% 210th/217
Health spending i% of GDP 5.7% 113th/193
Adult literacy i% 97.9% 21st/98
Tertiary enrolment i% gross 83.9% 20th/150
Human Development Index iindex 0–1 0.900 37th/193

Infrastructure & digital

84
Access to electricity i% of population 100.0% 1st/215
Safely managed sanitation i% of population 83.9% 45th/144
Internet users i% of population 100.0% 1st/186
Mobile subscriptions iper 100 people 160 24th/210
Fixed broadband iper 100 people 44.1 18th/208
Trade & transport infrastructure quality (LPI) iscore 1–5 3.60 29th/164
Rail lines iroute-km 2,939 42nd/82
Air passengers carried ipassengers 48.0 m 22nd/161

Environment & energy

22
CO₂ emissions per person it CO₂e 18.48 196th/203
Renewable energy i% of final energy use 0.1% 202nd/212
Air pollution (PM2.5) iµg/m³ 73.5 199th/200
Forest area i% of land area 1.3% 195th/214
Energy use per person ikg oil eq. 6,676 9th/149

Institutions & safety

59
Government effectiveness iscore 0–100 67.5 55th/205
Control of corruption iscore 0–100 64.3 46th/207
Rule of law iscore 0–100 63.1 83rd/207
Political stability iscore 0–100 65.9 116th/207
Regulatory quality iscore 0–100 67.0 46th/205
Voice & accountability iscore 0–100 26.0 192nd/205
Homicide rate iper 100,000 0.9 39th/145

Military

82
Military expenditure iUSD $83.18 bn 8th/156
Military expenditure i% of GDP 6.5% 7th/156
Military expenditure i% of government spending 23.5% 5th/154
Armed forces personnel ipeople 282,000 25th/170
Armed forces personnel i% of labour force 1.92% 31st/168
Arms imports (SIPRI TIV) iTIV 3.0 bn 1st/163
Arms exports (SIPRI TIV) iTIV 3.0 m 53rd/65

Science & innovation

76
R&D spending i% of GDP 0.64% 57th/110
Patent applications by residents iapplications 3,108 17th/137
Scientific articles iarticles 24,595 20th/197

Compare Saudi Arabia with

AlgeriaArgentinaAustraliaBrazilCanadaChinaEgyptFranceGermanyIndiaIndonesiaIranItalyJapanMexicoPakistanRussiaSouth AfricaSouth KoreaTürkiyeUnited KingdomUnited States

Sources

Figures on this page come from: World Bank — World Development Indicators, International Monetary Fund — World Economic Outlook (DataMapper), Global Change Data Lab (Our World in Data) — Our World in Data, World Bank — Worldwide Governance Indicators . Nation age: First Saudi State (Emirate of Diriyah) (source). Every value is stored with its year and source series; see Sources & licences and Methodology.

Cite as: NationsTree (2026). Saudi Arabia — country profile. https://nationstree.org/countries/saudi-arabia. Data as of 26 October 2026.

All figures come from official statistics published by public institutions (World Bank WDI and WGI, compiling UN agencies, IMF, WHO and national statistical offices). Each value carries its year; ranks are positions among countries with data.
Cite as: NationsTree (2026). Saudi Arabia — country profile. https://nationstree.org/countries/saudi-arabia. Data as of 26 October 2026.
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