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Bosnia and Herzegovina · data for latest available · data as of 26 October 2026 · printed 27 Oct 2026
NationsTree / Countries / Bosnia and Herzegovina
2025
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Bosnia and Herzegovina

Europe & Central Asia Capital Sarajevo Upper middle income Nation age 34 years (since 1992) i BIH · BA
NationsTree Index 2025 i54.770th of 196 Tree height 2025 i5.3 msee ranking Military strength i24percentile
Population i3.1 m135th of 217 Area i51,210 km²127th of 216 GDP i$32.60 bn110th of 210 GDP (PPP) i$81.06 bn intl.112th of 199 GDP per person (PPP) i$25,814 intl.91st of 199 Life expectancy i78.0 years69th of 217
Index pillars
Foundations · roots i48
Strength · trunk i41
Quality of life · crown i68
Problems (higher = fewer) · dry branches i43
Direction (5-year change) · new shoots i88
CSV

In short

Bosnia and Herzegovina is 70th of 196 countries in the NationsTree Index, with a score of 54.7 out of 100; its tree is 5.3 m tall.

It has 3.1 million people and an economy of $81.06 bn at purchasing power parity, 112th of 199 in the world.

Its strongest positions: Access to electricity (1st of 215), General government gross debt (30th of 189) and Extreme poverty (23rd of 108).

Its weakest positions: Unemployment (155th of 187), CO₂ emissions per person (166th of 203) and DPT immunization (148th of 193).

Over five years it climbed from 86th to 70th in the index.

All data

Data as of 26 October 2026

Latest available value for each indicator, with its year. World rank is among countries with recent data (last 5 years of the series).

Land & people

36
Surface area ikm² 51,210 127th/216
Land area ikm² 51,200 126th/216
Population ipeople 3.1 m 135th/217
Population growth i% -0.77% 208th/217
Population density ipeople/km² 61.8 142nd/216
Urban population i% 52.7% 149th/217
Population aged 0–14 i% 12.8% 207th/217
Population aged 65+ i% 22.9% 15th/217

Economy

49
GDP iUSD $32.60 bn 110th/210
GDP (PPP) iintl. USD $81.06 bn 112th/199
Real GDP (PPP, constant 2021 prices) iintl. USD 2021 $66.50 bn 112th/199
GDP per person iUSD $10,382 103rd/210
GDP per person (PPP) iintl. USD $25,814 91st/199
GNI per person (Atlas) iUSD $9,940 93rd/201
GDP growth i% 2.1% 142nd/210
Inflation i% 4.0% 121st/180
Unemployment i% 11.0% 155th/187
Central government debt i% of GDP 39.7% 15th/55
General government gross debt i% of GDP 28.8% 30th/189
Government budget balance i% of GDP -2.5% 92nd/192

Main industries

48
Agriculture, forestry, fishing i% of GDP 4.4% 112th/197
Industry incl. construction i% of GDP 21.5% 118th/200
Manufacturing i% of GDP 12.0% 79th/192
Services i% of GDP 57.7% 101st/200

Trade

55
Exports of goods & services iUSD $13.37 bn 101st/182
Imports of goods & services iUSD $17.64 bn 99th/182
Exports i% of GDP 41.0% 77th/183
Imports i% of GDP 54.1% 66th/183
Trade openness i% of GDP 95.1% 70th/183
Fuel exports i% of merchandise exports 6.5% 66th/170
Manufactures exports i% of merchandise exports 72.2% 38th/171
Food exports i% of merchandise exports 7.4% 126th/171
Ores & metals exports i% of merchandise exports 9.7% 38th/171
High-tech exports i% of manufactured exports 6.2% 89th/168
Current account balance i% of GDP -3.1% 118th/191
Foreign direct investment, inflows i% of GDP 2.6% 79th/196

Natural resources

59
Natural resource rents i% of GDP 0.8% 122nd/209
Oil rents i% of GDP 0.00% 120th/197
Natural gas rents i% of GDP 0.00% 100th/197
Coal rents i% of GDP 0.30% 18th/195
Mineral rents i% of GDP 0.04% 76th/209
Forest rents i% of GDP 0.47% 72nd/209
Arable land i% of land area 8.0% 115th/206
Renewable freshwater per person im³ 11,077 41st/183

Tourism

40
International tourist arrivals iarrivals 197,000 152nd/194
Tourism receipts iUSD $438.0 m 99th/175
Tourism receipts i% of exports 6.2% 78th/168

Society & health

62
Life expectancy iyears 78.0 69th/217
Under-5 mortality iper 1,000 births 6.9 55th/196
Physicians iper 1,000 people 2.58 72nd/174
Hospital beds iper 1,000 people 2.4 81st/145
DPT immunization i% of children 12–23 months 79% 148th/193
Completed lower secondary, 25+ i% of adults 91.0% 45th/153
Secondary enrolment i% gross 87.9% 111th/173
Social protection coverage (incl. pensions) i% of population 50.3%2015
Old-age dependency ratio i% of working-age population 35.6% 16th/217
Health spending i% of GDP 8.9% 46th/193
Adult literacy i% 97.0%2013
Tertiary enrolment i% gross 45.5% 86th/150
Human Development Index iindex 0–1 0.804 74th/193
Income inequality (Gini) iindex 30.3 26th/108
Extreme poverty i% of population 0.3% 23rd/108

Infrastructure & digital

52
Access to electricity i% of population 100.0% 1st/215
Safely managed drinking water i% of population 86.4% 68th/150
Safely managed sanitation i% of population 56.6%2018
Internet users i% of population 86.1% 78th/186
Mobile subscriptions iper 100 people 121 86th/210
Fixed broadband iper 100 people 29.4 64th/208
Trade & transport infrastructure quality (LPI) iscore 1–5 2.60 80th/164
Rail lines iroute-km 1,018 66th/82
Air passengers carried ipassengers 1,593 159th/161

Environment & energy

50
CO₂ emissions per person it CO₂e 6.45 166th/203
Renewable energy i% of final energy use 36.6% 65th/212
Air pollution (PM2.5) iµg/m³ 26.1 141st/200
Forest area i% of land area 42.2% 72nd/214
Energy use per person ikg oil eq. 2,178 54th/149

Institutions & safety

41
Government effectiveness iscore 0–100 42.6 142nd/205
Control of corruption iscore 0–100 38.4 130th/207
Rule of law iscore 0–100 53.0 120th/207
Political stability iscore 0–100 59.6 141st/207
Regulatory quality iscore 0–100 48.5 126th/205
Voice & accountability iscore 0–100 53.0 118th/205
Homicide rate iper 100,000 1.2 51st/145

Military

21
Military expenditure iUSD $231.4 m 121st/156
Military expenditure i% of GDP 0.7% 135th/156
Military expenditure i% of government spending 1.6% 147th/154
Armed forces personnel ipeople 11,000 128th/170
Armed forces personnel i% of labour force 0.81% 85th/168
Arms imports (SIPRI TIV) iTIV 1.0 m 150th/163
Arms exports (SIPRI TIV) iTIV 7.0 m 50th/65

Science & innovation

40
R&D spending i% of GDP 0.21% 83rd/110
Patent applications by residents iapplications 34 85th/137
Scientific articles iarticles 1,083 86th/197

Compare Bosnia and Herzegovina with

ArmeniaEstoniaKyrgyzstanLatviaLuxembourg

Sources

Figures on this page come from: World Bank — World Development Indicators, International Monetary Fund — World Economic Outlook (DataMapper), Global Change Data Lab (Our World in Data) — Our World in Data, World Bank — Worldwide Governance Indicators . Nation age: Wikidata P571 (inception) (source). Every value is stored with its year and source series; see Sources & licences and Methodology.

Cite as: NationsTree (2026). Bosnia and Herzegovina — country profile. https://nationstree.org/countries/bosnia-and-herzegovina. Data as of 26 October 2026.

All figures come from official statistics published by public institutions (World Bank WDI and WGI, compiling UN agencies, IMF, WHO and national statistical offices). Each value carries its year; ranks are positions among countries with data.
Cite as: NationsTree (2026). Bosnia and Herzegovina — country profile. https://nationstree.org/countries/bosnia-and-herzegovina. Data as of 26 October 2026.
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