Saudi Arabia vs South Africa
Side-by-side comparison of Saudi Arabia and South Africa from official statistics: size, economy, people, trade, natural resources, health, infrastructure and military, with world ranks, years and sources.
Saudi Arabia
Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan · nation age 299 years
South Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa · nation age 116 years
In short
Saudi Arabia scores 76.5 in the NationsTree Index (15th in the world) and South Africa scores 41.9 (122nd), a gap of 34.6 points. Their trees are 35 m and 18 m tall; tree height grows with real GDP and is adjusted by the index.
South Africa has 75% more people than Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia has 76% more land area than South Africa. Saudi Arabia has an economy 2.6 times the size of South Africa (GDP at purchasing power parity). Population: Saudi Arabia 37.0 million and South Africa 64.7 million (2025).
GDP per person at purchasing power parity is $73,784 in Saudi Arabia and $15,906 in South Africa (2025, international dollars). People in Saudi Arabia live on average 12.7 years longer (79.0 vs 66.3 years).
Of 34 indicators reported by both countries, Saudi Arabia ranks higher in the world on 27 and South Africa on 7. Saudi Arabia is clearly stronger in military, economy and society & health. South Africa is clearly stronger in environment & energy and natural resources.
As a nation, Saudi Arabia is the older of the two (statehood since 1727, 299 years), compared with South Africa (since 1910). Over the last five years Saudi Arabia improved faster (direction score 100 vs 7 out of 100).
Where they differ most
The indicators with the biggest gap in world position between Saudi Arabia and South Africa.
Over time
How the two countries moved against each other, from the yearly data.
Saudi Arabia overtook South Africa in the NationsTree Index in 2006 and has stayed ahead since.
Saudi Arabia has been ahead of South Africa in GDP per person (PPP), GDP (PPP) and life expectancy in every year since 1990.
South Africa has been ahead of Saudi Arabia in population in every year since 1990.
Strength by category
Average world percentile of the indicators in each category (0–100, direction taken into account). i
All indicators
Latest available value for each country with its year and world rank. Green: the better world position of the two, red: the weaker one.
| Indicator | ||
|---|---|---|
| Land & people | ||
| Surface area km² | 2,149,69012th/216 · 2024 | 1,219,60224th/216 · 2024 |
| Land area km² | 2,149,69012th/216 · 2024 | 1,213,09024th/216 · 2024 |
| Population people | 37.0 m43rd/217 · 2025 | 64.7 m24th/217 · 2025 |
| Population growth % | 4.63%2nd/217 · 2025 | 1.15%93rd/217 · 2025 |
| Population density people/km² | 16.4196th/216 · 2024 | 52.8151st/216 · 2024 |
| Urban population % | 84.6%47th/217 · 2025 | 63.8%111th/217 · 2025 |
| Population aged 0–14 % | 23.6%105th/217 · 2025 | 25.7%91st/217 · 2025 |
| Population aged 65+ % | 3.1%195th/217 · 2025 | 6.9%126th/217 · 2025 |
| Economy | ||
| GDP USD | $1.28 trn19th/210 · 2025 | $427.18 bn40th/210 · 2025 |
| GDP (PPP) intl. USD | $2.73 trn17th/199 · 2025 | $1.03 trn32nd/199 · 2025 |
| Real GDP (PPP, constant 2021 prices) intl. USD 2021 | $2.33 trn17th/199 · 2025 | $880.05 bn32nd/199 · 2025 |
| GDP per person USD | $34,53750th/210 · 2025 | $6,598125th/210 · 2025 |
| GDP per person (PPP) intl. USD | $73,78425th/199 · 2025 | $15,906120th/199 · 2025 |
| GNI per person (Atlas) USD | $36,07041st/201 · 2025 | $6,270116th/201 · 2025 |
| GDP growth % | 4.5%63rd/210 · 2025 | 1.1%169th/210 · 2025 |
| Inflation % | 2.0%59th/180 · 2025 | 3.2%92nd/180 · 2025 |
| Unemployment % | 3.0%41st/187 · 2025 | 32.4%186th/187 · 2025 |
| Central government debt % of GDP | — | 82.8%45th/55 · 2024 |
| General government gross debt % of GDP | 31.8%40th/189 · 2025 | 78.4%145th/189 · 2025 |
| Government budget balance % of GDP | -5.8%161st/192 · 2025 | -5.6%160th/192 · 2025 |
| Main industries | ||
| Agriculture, forestry, fishing % of GDP | 2.6%138th/197 · 2025 | 2.8%130th/197 · 2025 |
| Industry incl. construction % of GDP | 43.0%12th/200 · 2025 | 24.1%95th/200 · 2025 |
| Manufacturing % of GDP | 15.8%37th/192 · 2025 | 12.3%76th/192 · 2025 |
| Services % of GDP | 48.9%149th/200 · 2025 | 63.1%67th/200 · 2025 |
| Trade | ||
| Exports of goods & services USD | $379.83 bn27th/182 · 2025 | $134.18 bn42nd/182 · 2025 |
| Imports of goods & services USD | $359.76 bn27th/182 · 2025 | $126.02 bn43rd/182 · 2025 |
| Exports % of GDP | 29.7%114th/183 · 2025 | 31.4%109th/183 · 2025 |
| Imports % of GDP | 28.2%142nd/183 · 2025 | 29.5%134th/183 · 2025 |
| Trade openness % of GDP | 57.9%131st/183 · 2025 | 60.9%126th/183 · 2025 |
| Fuel exports % of merchandise exports | 78.7%11th/170 · 2025 | 8.2%58th/170 · 2025 |
| Manufactures exports % of merchandise exports | 16.7%113th/171 · 2025 | 38.3%80th/171 · 2025 |
| Food exports % of merchandise exports | 2.2%152nd/171 · 2025 | 12.8%101st/171 · 2025 |
| Ores & metals exports % of merchandise exports | 1.2%127th/171 · 2025 | 30.4%18th/171 · 2025 |
| High-tech exports % of manufactured exports | 0.5%154th/168 · 2024 | 5.7%91st/168 · 2024 |
| Current account balance % of GDP | -2.6%107th/191 · 2025 | -0.5%80th/191 · 2025 |
| Foreign direct investment, inflows % of GDP | 2.6%81st/196 · 2025 | -0.5%183rd/196 · 2025 |
| Natural resources | ||
| Natural resource rents % of GDP | 25.6%17th/209 · 2021 | 7.3%58th/209 · 2021 |
| Oil rents % of GDP | 23.69%6th/197 · 2021 | 0.40%57th/197 · 2021 |
| Natural gas rents % of GDP | 1.72%26th/197 · 2021 | 0.03%71st/197 · 2021 |
| Coal rents % of GDP | 0.00%68th/195 · 2021 | 2.44%4th/195 · 2021 |
| Mineral rents % of GDP | 0.16%65th/209 · 2021 | 3.83%28th/209 · 2021 |
| Forest rents % of GDP | 0.00%170th/209 · 2021 | 0.63%66th/209 · 2021 |
| Arable land % of land area | 2.0%169th/206 · 2024 | 9.9%105th/206 · 2024 |
| Renewable freshwater per person m³ | 75175th/183 · 2022 | 718145th/183 · 2022 |
| Tourism | ||
| International tourist arrivals arrivals | 20.3 m13th/194 · 2019 | 3.9 m45th/194 · 2020 |
| Tourism receipts USD | $5.96 bn27th/175 · 2020 | $2.72 bn43rd/175 · 2020 |
| Tourism receipts % of exports | 3.2%104th/168 · 2020 | 2.9%109th/168 · 2020 |
| Outbound trips departures | 27.2 m6th/107 · 2019 | — |
| Society & health | ||
| Life expectancy years | 79.057th/217 · 2024 | 66.3183rd/217 · 2024 |
| Under-5 mortality per 1,000 births | 6.051st/196 · 2024 | 35.1144th/196 · 2024 |
| Physicians per 1,000 people | 3.4148th/174 · 2023 | 0.79108th/174 · 2022 |
| Hospital beds per 1,000 people | 2.477th/145 · 2023 | 2.32010 |
| DPT immunization % of children 12–23 months | 97%29th/193 · 2024 | 74%160th/193 · 2024 |
| Completed lower secondary, 25+ % of adults | 85.8%60th/153 · 2024 | 85.4%61st/153 · 2024 |
| Secondary enrolment % gross | 110.7%24th/173 · 2024 | 104.1%46th/173 · 2023 |
| Social protection coverage (incl. pensions) % of population | — | 78.4%12th/55 · 2021 |
| Old-age dependency ratio % of working-age population | 4.2%210th/217 · 2025 | 10.2%129th/217 · 2025 |
| Health spending % of GDP | 5.7%113th/193 · 2023 | 8.9%47th/193 · 2023 |
| Adult literacy % | 97.9%21st/98 · 2024 | 91.2%48th/98 · 2024 |
| Tertiary enrolment % gross | 83.9%20th/150 · 2024 | 23.5%115th/150 · 2023 |
| Human Development Index index 0–1 | 0.90037th/193 · 2023 | 0.741106th/193 · 2023 |
| Income inequality (Gini) index | — | 54.1107th/108 · 2022 |
| Extreme poverty % of population | — | 17.4%87th/108 · 2022 |
| Infrastructure & digital | ||
| Access to electricity % of population | 100.0%1st/215 · 2024 | 90.2%161st/215 · 2024 |
| Safely managed drinking water % of population | — | 68.0%90th/150 · 2024 |
| Safely managed sanitation % of population | 83.9%45th/144 · 2024 | 73.8%60th/144 · 2024 |
| Internet users % of population | 100.0%1st/186 · 2024 | 78.4%105th/186 · 2024 |
| Mobile subscriptions per 100 people | 16024th/210 · 2024 | 17911th/210 · 2024 |
| Fixed broadband per 100 people | 44.118th/208 · 2024 | 5.3137th/208 · 2024 |
| Trade & transport infrastructure quality (LPI) score 1–5 | 3.6029th/164 · 2022 | 3.6029th/164 · 2022 |
| Rail lines route-km | 2,93942nd/82 · 2018 | 20,9539th/82 · 2021 |
| Air passengers carried passengers | 48.0 m22nd/161 · 2023 | 15.5 m42nd/161 · 2023 |
| Environment & energy | ||
| CO₂ emissions per person t CO₂e | 18.48196th/203 · 2024 | 6.88168th/203 · 2024 |
| Renewable energy % of final energy use | 0.1%202nd/212 · 2021 | 9.7%146th/212 · 2021 |
| Air pollution (PM2.5) µg/m³ | 73.5199th/200 · 2023 | 27.7146th/200 · 2023 |
| Forest area % of land area | 1.3%195th/214 · 2024 | 18.8%134th/214 · 2024 |
| Energy use per person kg oil eq. | 6,6769th/149 · 2024 | 1,90761st/149 · 2024 |
| Institutions & safety | ||
| Government effectiveness score 0–100 | 67.555th/205 · 2025 | 51.9109th/205 · 2025 |
| Control of corruption score 0–100 | 64.346th/207 · 2025 | 45.498th/207 · 2025 |
| Rule of law score 0–100 | 63.183rd/207 · 2025 | 59.396th/207 · 2025 |
| Political stability score 0–100 | 65.9116th/207 · 2025 | 58.9142nd/207 · 2025 |
| Regulatory quality score 0–100 | 67.046th/205 · 2025 | 54.399th/205 · 2025 |
| Voice & accountability score 0–100 | 26.0192nd/205 · 2025 | 70.257th/205 · 2025 |
| Homicide rate per 100,000 | 0.939th/145 · 2019 | 43.7140th/145 · 2022 |
| Military | ||
| Military expenditure USD | $83.18 bn8th/156 · 2025 | $3.17 bn54th/156 · 2025 |
| Military expenditure % of GDP | 6.5%7th/156 · 2025 | 0.7%133rd/156 · 2025 |
| Military expenditure % of government spending | 23.5%5th/154 · 2025 | 2.2%139th/154 · 2025 |
| Armed forces personnel people | 282,00025th/170 · 2020 | 89,00054th/170 · 2020 |
| Armed forces personnel % of labour force | 1.92%31st/168 · 2020 | 0.40%131st/168 · 2020 |
| Arms imports (SIPRI TIV) TIV | 3.0 bn1st/163 · 2025 | 30.0 m78th/163 · 2025 |
| Arms exports (SIPRI TIV) TIV | 3.0 m53rd/65 · 2023 | 115.0 m24th/65 · 2025 |
| Science & innovation | ||
| R&D spending % of GDP | 0.64%57th/110 · 2024 | 0.61%58th/110 · 2022 |
| Patent applications by residents applications | 3,10817th/137 · 2024 | 35053rd/137 · 2024 |
| Scientific articles articles | 24,59520th/197 · 2023 | 14,94933rd/197 · 2023 |
Questions and answers
Which has more people, Saudi Arabia or South Africa?
South Africa has the larger population: 64.7 m (2025) compared with 37.0 m for Saudi Arabia (2025). Source: World Bank, SP.POP.TOTL.
Which is bigger by area, Saudi Arabia or South Africa?
Saudi Arabia is larger: 2,149,690 km² (2024) compared with 1,219,602 km² for South Africa (2024). Source: World Bank, AG.SRF.TOTL.K2.
Which economy is larger, Saudi Arabia or South Africa?
Saudi Arabia has the larger economy at purchasing power parity: $2.73 trn intl. (2025) compared with $1.03 trn intl. for South Africa (2025). Source: World Bank, NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD.
Which is richer per person, Saudi Arabia or South Africa?
Saudi Arabia has the higher GDP per person (PPP): $73,784 intl. (2025) compared with $15,906 intl. for South Africa (2025). Source: World Bank, NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD.
Where do people live longer, in Saudi Arabia or South Africa?
Saudi Arabia has the higher life expectancy at birth: 79.0 years (2024) compared with 66.3 years for South Africa (2024). Source: World Bank, SP.DYN.LE00.IN.
Which spends more on the military, Saudi Arabia or South Africa?
Saudi Arabia spends more on the military: $83.18 bn (2025) compared with $3.17 bn for South Africa (2025). Source: World Bank, MS.MIL.XPND.CD.
Which ranks higher in the NationsTree Index, Saudi Arabia or South Africa?
Saudi Arabia: 76.5 points (15th in the world); South Africa: 41.9 points (122nd). The index combines foundations, economic strength, quality of life, problems and 5-year direction from public statistics.
Sources
World Bank World Development Indicators and Worldwide Governance Indicators, compiling UN agencies, the IMF, WHO, SIPRI and national statistical offices; every row links to its world ranking with the source series. See Sources & licences and Methodology.
Cite as: NationsTree (2026). Saudi Arabia vs South Africa — country comparison. https://nationstree.org/compare/saudi-arabia-vs-south-africa. Data as of 26 October 2026.