Russia vs Saudi Arabia
Side-by-side comparison of Russia and Saudi Arabia from official statistics: size, economy, people, trade, natural resources, health, infrastructure and military, with world ranks, years and sources.
Russia
Europe & Central Asia · nation age 1,144 years
Saudi Arabia
Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan · nation age 299 years
In short
Saudi Arabia scores 76.5 in the NationsTree Index (15th in the world) and Russia scores 63.8 (51st), a gap of 12.7 points. Their trees are 54 m and 35 m tall; tree height grows with real GDP and is adjusted by the index.
Russia has 3.9 times the population of Saudi Arabia. Russia is 8.0 times larger than Saudi Arabia by land area. Russia has an economy 2.7 times the size of Saudi Arabia (GDP at purchasing power parity). Population: Russia 143.5 million and Saudi Arabia 37.0 million (2025).
GDP per person at purchasing power parity is $73,784 in Saudi Arabia and $49,568 in Russia (2025, international dollars). People in Saudi Arabia live on average 5.5 years longer (79.0 vs 73.4 years).
Of 34 indicators reported by both countries, Russia ranks higher in the world on 15 and Saudi Arabia on 19. Russia is clearly stronger in environment & energy, natural resources and society & health. Saudi Arabia is clearly stronger in institutions & safety and tourism.
As a nation, Russia is the older of the two (statehood since 882, 1,144 years), compared with Saudi Arabia (since 1727). Over the last five years Saudi Arabia improved faster (direction score 100 vs 45 out of 100).
Where they differ most
The indicators with the biggest gap in world position between Russia and Saudi Arabia.
Over time
How the two countries moved against each other, from the yearly data.
Saudi Arabia overtook Russia in the NationsTree Index in 2021 and has stayed ahead since.
Saudi Arabia overtook Russia in life expectancy in 1991 and has stayed ahead since.
Saudi Arabia has been ahead of Russia in GDP per person (PPP) in every year since 1990.
Russia has been ahead of Saudi Arabia in GDP (PPP) and population in every year since 1990.
Strength by category
Average world percentile of the indicators in each category (0–100, direction taken into account). i
All indicators
Latest available value for each country with its year and world rank. Green: the better world position of the two, red: the weaker one.
| Indicator | ||
|---|---|---|
| Land & people | ||
| Surface area km² | 17,125,1901st/216 · 2024 | 2,149,69012th/216 · 2024 |
| Land area km² | 16,376,8701st/216 · 2024 | 2,149,69012th/216 · 2024 |
| Population people | 143.5 m9th/217 · 2025 | 37.0 m43rd/217 · 2025 |
| Population growth % | -0.11%178th/217 · 2025 | 4.63%2nd/217 · 2025 |
| Population density people/km² | 8.8203rd/216 · 2024 | 16.4196th/216 · 2024 |
| Urban population % | 75.3%73rd/217 · 2025 | 84.6%47th/217 · 2025 |
| Population aged 0–14 % | 17.0%154th/217 · 2025 | 23.6%105th/217 · 2025 |
| Population aged 65+ % | 17.8%50th/217 · 2025 | 3.1%195th/217 · 2025 |
| Economy | ||
| GDP USD | $2.56 trn8th/210 · 2025 | $1.28 trn19th/210 · 2025 |
| GDP (PPP) intl. USD | $7.24 trn4th/199 · 2025 | $2.73 trn17th/199 · 2025 |
| Real GDP (PPP, constant 2021 prices) intl. USD 2021 | $6.18 trn4th/199 · 2025 | $2.33 trn17th/199 · 2025 |
| GDP per person USD | $17,54784th/210 · 2025 | $34,53750th/210 · 2025 |
| GDP per person (PPP) intl. USD | $49,56855th/199 · 2025 | $73,78425th/199 · 2025 |
| GNI per person (Atlas) USD | $15,96076th/201 · 2025 | $36,07041st/201 · 2025 |
| GDP growth % | 1.0%175th/210 · 2025 | 4.5%63rd/210 · 2025 |
| Inflation % | 8.7%155th/180 · 2025 | 2.0%59th/180 · 2025 |
| Unemployment % | 2.1%18th/187 · 2025 | 3.0%41st/187 · 2025 |
| Central government debt % of GDP | 17.9%4th/55 · 2024 | — |
| General government gross debt % of GDP | 16.6%15th/189 · 2025 | 31.8%40th/189 · 2025 |
| Government budget balance % of GDP | -3.9%129th/192 · 2025 | -5.8%161st/192 · 2025 |
| Main industries | ||
| Agriculture, forestry, fishing % of GDP | 3.1%127th/197 · 2025 | 2.6%138th/197 · 2025 |
| Industry incl. construction % of GDP | 29.7%55th/200 · 2025 | 43.0%12th/200 · 2025 |
| Manufacturing % of GDP | 13.7%54th/192 · 2025 | 15.8%37th/192 · 2025 |
| Services % of GDP | 58.9%94th/200 · 2025 | 48.9%149th/200 · 2025 |
| Trade | ||
| Exports of goods & services USD | $466.24 bn22nd/182 · 2025 | $379.83 bn27th/182 · 2025 |
| Imports of goods & services USD | $397.18 bn25th/182 · 2025 | $359.76 bn27th/182 · 2025 |
| Exports % of GDP | 18.2%151st/183 · 2025 | 29.7%114th/183 · 2025 |
| Imports % of GDP | 15.5%176th/183 · 2025 | 28.2%142nd/183 · 2025 |
| Trade openness % of GDP | 33.7%173rd/183 · 2025 | 57.9%131st/183 · 2025 |
| Fuel exports % of merchandise exports | 43.1%25th/170 · 2021 | 78.7%11th/170 · 2025 |
| Manufactures exports % of merchandise exports | 22.1%102nd/171 · 2021 | 16.7%113th/171 · 2025 |
| Food exports % of merchandise exports | 6.6%133rd/171 · 2021 | 2.2%152nd/171 · 2025 |
| Ores & metals exports % of merchandise exports | 7.4%50th/171 · 2021 | 1.2%127th/171 · 2025 |
| High-tech exports % of manufactured exports | 9.7%67th/168 · 2021 | 0.5%154th/168 · 2024 |
| Current account balance % of GDP | 1.5%63rd/191 · 2025 | -2.6%107th/191 · 2025 |
| Foreign direct investment, inflows % of GDP | 0.4%161st/196 · 2025 | 2.6%81st/196 · 2025 |
| Natural resources | ||
| Natural resource rents % of GDP | 18.5%25th/209 · 2021 | 25.6%17th/209 · 2021 |
| Oil rents % of GDP | 9.67%20th/197 · 2021 | 23.69%6th/197 · 2021 |
| Natural gas rents % of GDP | 5.86%11th/197 · 2021 | 1.72%26th/197 · 2021 |
| Coal rents % of GDP | 0.61%11th/195 · 2021 | 0.00%68th/195 · 2021 |
| Mineral rents % of GDP | 2.05%35th/209 · 2021 | 0.16%65th/209 · 2021 |
| Forest rents % of GDP | 0.31%79th/209 · 2021 | 0.00%170th/209 · 2021 |
| Arable land % of land area | 7.4%117th/206 · 2024 | 2.0%169th/206 · 2024 |
| Renewable freshwater per person m³ | 29,89520th/183 · 2022 | 75175th/183 · 2022 |
| Tourism | ||
| International tourist arrivals arrivals | 6.4 m31st/194 · 2020 | 20.3 m13th/194 · 2019 |
| Tourism receipts USD | $4.96 bn30th/175 · 2020 | $5.96 bn27th/175 · 2020 |
| Tourism receipts % of exports | 1.3%145th/168 · 2020 | 3.2%104th/168 · 2020 |
| Outbound trips departures | 12.4 m16th/107 · 2020 | 27.2 m6th/107 · 2019 |
| Society & health | ||
| Life expectancy years | 73.4122nd/217 · 2024 | 79.057th/217 · 2024 |
| Under-5 mortality per 1,000 births | 5.241st/196 · 2024 | 6.051st/196 · 2024 |
| Physicians per 1,000 people | 5.118th/174 · 2022 | 3.4148th/174 · 2023 |
| Hospital beds per 1,000 people | 6.88th/145 · 2023 | 2.477th/145 · 2023 |
| DPT immunization % of children 12–23 months | 97%29th/193 · 2024 | 97%29th/193 · 2024 |
| Completed lower secondary, 25+ % of adults | 98.6%15th/153 · 2021 | 85.8%60th/153 · 2024 |
| Secondary enrolment % gross | 92.5%89th/173 · 2023 | 110.7%24th/173 · 2024 |
| Social protection coverage (incl. pensions) % of population | 77.5%2017 | — |
| Old-age dependency ratio % of working-age population | 27.3%51st/217 · 2025 | 4.2%210th/217 · 2025 |
| Health spending % of GDP | 7.0%85th/193 · 2023 | 5.7%113th/193 · 2023 |
| Adult literacy % | 99.9%3rd/98 · 2021 | 97.9%21st/98 · 2024 |
| Tertiary enrolment % gross | 60.4%59th/150 · 2024 | 83.9%20th/150 · 2024 |
| Human Development Index index 0–1 | 0.83264th/193 · 2023 | 0.90037th/193 · 2023 |
| Income inequality (Gini) index | 33.042nd/108 · 2023 | — |
| Extreme poverty % of population | 0.1%10th/108 · 2023 | — |
| Infrastructure & digital | ||
| Access to electricity % of population | 100.0%1st/215 · 2024 | 100.0%1st/215 · 2024 |
| Safely managed drinking water % of population | 76.3%80th/150 · 2024 | — |
| Safely managed sanitation % of population | 58.2%76th/144 · 2024 | 83.9%45th/144 · 2024 |
| Internet users % of population | 94.4%31st/186 · 2024 | 100.0%1st/186 · 2024 |
| Mobile subscriptions per 100 people | 1869th/210 · 2024 | 16024th/210 · 2024 |
| Fixed broadband per 100 people | 27.170th/208 · 2024 | 44.118th/208 · 2024 |
| Trade & transport infrastructure quality (LPI) score 1–5 | 2.7071st/164 · 2022 | 3.6029th/164 · 2022 |
| Rail lines route-km | 85,5443rd/82 · 2021 | 2,93942nd/82 · 2018 |
| Air passengers carried passengers | 98.9 m8th/161 · 2023 | 48.0 m22nd/161 · 2023 |
| Environment & energy | ||
| CO₂ emissions per person t CO₂e | 13.98190th/203 · 2024 | 18.48196th/203 · 2024 |
| Renewable energy % of final energy use | 3.5%172nd/212 · 2021 | 0.1%202nd/212 · 2021 |
| Air pollution (PM2.5) µg/m³ | 11.659th/200 · 2023 | 73.5199th/200 · 2023 |
| Forest area % of land area | 50.8%56th/214 · 2024 | 1.3%195th/214 · 2024 |
| Energy use per person kg oil eq. | 5,72711th/149 · 2024 | 6,6769th/149 · 2024 |
| Institutions & safety | ||
| Government effectiveness score 0–100 | 42.1143rd/205 · 2025 | 67.555th/205 · 2025 |
| Control of corruption score 0–100 | 28.2167th/207 · 2025 | 64.346th/207 · 2025 |
| Rule of law score 0–100 | 37.7186th/207 · 2025 | 63.183rd/207 · 2025 |
| Political stability score 0–100 | 49.0179th/207 · 2025 | 65.9116th/207 · 2025 |
| Regulatory quality score 0–100 | 34.9182nd/205 · 2025 | 67.046th/205 · 2025 |
| Voice & accountability score 0–100 | 31.3178th/205 · 2025 | 26.0192nd/205 · 2025 |
| Homicide rate per 100,000 | 6.8107th/145 · 2021 | 0.939th/145 · 2019 |
| Military | ||
| Military expenditure USD | $190.42 bn3rd/156 · 2025 | $83.18 bn8th/156 · 2025 |
| Military expenditure % of GDP | 7.5%4th/156 · 2025 | 6.5%7th/156 · 2025 |
| Military expenditure % of government spending | 19.8%9th/154 · 2025 | 23.5%5th/154 · 2025 |
| Armed forces personnel people | 1.5 m4th/170 · 2020 | 282,00025th/170 · 2020 |
| Armed forces personnel % of labour force | 1.98%29th/168 · 2020 | 1.92%31st/168 · 2020 |
| Arms imports (SIPRI TIV) TIV | 129.0 m44th/163 · 2025 | 3.0 bn1st/163 · 2025 |
| Arms exports (SIPRI TIV) TIV | 1.9 bn5th/65 · 2025 | 3.0 m53rd/65 · 2023 |
| Science & innovation | ||
| R&D spending % of GDP | 0.94%44th/110 · 2024 | 0.64%57th/110 · 2024 |
| Patent applications by residents applications | 21,5027th/137 · 2024 | 3,10817th/137 · 2024 |
| Scientific articles articles | 85,5587th/197 · 2023 | 24,59520th/197 · 2023 |
Questions and answers
Which has more people, Russia or Saudi Arabia?
Russia has the larger population: 143.5 m (2025) compared with 37.0 m for Saudi Arabia (2025). Source: World Bank, SP.POP.TOTL.
Which is bigger by area, Russia or Saudi Arabia?
Russia is larger: 17,125,190 km² (2024) compared with 2,149,690 km² for Saudi Arabia (2024). Source: World Bank, AG.SRF.TOTL.K2.
Which economy is larger, Russia or Saudi Arabia?
Russia has the larger economy at purchasing power parity: $7.24 trn intl. (2025) compared with $2.73 trn intl. for Saudi Arabia (2025). Source: World Bank, NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD.
Which is richer per person, Russia or Saudi Arabia?
Saudi Arabia has the higher GDP per person (PPP): $73,784 intl. (2025) compared with $49,568 intl. for Russia (2025). Source: World Bank, NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD.
Where do people live longer, in Russia or Saudi Arabia?
Saudi Arabia has the higher life expectancy at birth: 79.0 years (2024) compared with 73.4 years for Russia (2024). Source: World Bank, SP.DYN.LE00.IN.
Which spends more on the military, Russia or Saudi Arabia?
Russia spends more on the military: $190.42 bn (2025) compared with $83.18 bn for Saudi Arabia (2025). Source: World Bank, MS.MIL.XPND.CD.
Which ranks higher in the NationsTree Index, Russia or Saudi Arabia?
Saudi Arabia: 76.5 points (15th in the world); Russia: 63.8 points (51st). The index combines foundations, economic strength, quality of life, problems and 5-year direction from public statistics.
Sources
World Bank World Development Indicators and Worldwide Governance Indicators, compiling UN agencies, the IMF, WHO, SIPRI and national statistical offices; every row links to its world ranking with the source series. See Sources & licences and Methodology.
Cite as: NationsTree (2026). Russia vs Saudi Arabia — country comparison. https://nationstree.org/compare/russia-vs-saudi-arabia. Data as of 26 October 2026.