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Russia vs Türkiye
Side-by-side comparison of Russia and Türkiye from official statistics: size, economy, people, trade, natural resources, health, infrastructure and military, with world ranks, years and sources.
Russia
Europe & Central Asia · nation age 1,144 years
Türkiye
Europe & Central Asia · nation age 727 years
In short
Türkiye scores 64.7 in the NationsTree Index (47th in the world) and Russia scores 63.8 (51st), a gap of 0.9 points. Their trees are 54 m and 39 m tall; tree height grows with real GDP and is adjusted by the index.
Russia has 67% more people than Türkiye. Russia is 22 times larger than Türkiye by land area. The economy of Russia is 86% larger than that of Türkiye (GDP at purchasing power parity). Population: Russia 143.5 million and Türkiye 85.9 million (2025).
GDP per person at purchasing power parity is $49,568 in Russia and $45,288 in Türkiye (2025, international dollars). People in Türkiye live on average 4.0 years longer (77.4 vs 73.4 years).
Of 38 indicators reported by both countries, Russia ranks higher in the world on 17 and Türkiye on 21. Russia is clearly stronger in natural resources, society & health and environment & energy. Türkiye is clearly stronger in institutions & safety.
As a nation, Russia is the older of the two (statehood since 882, 1,144 years), compared with Türkiye (since 1299). Over the last five years Türkiye improved faster (direction score 71 vs 45 out of 100).
Where they differ most
The indicators with the biggest gap in world position between Russia and Türkiye.
Russiabetter
2.1%
18th of 187
Türkiye
8.5%
138th of 187
Completed lower secondary, 25+Society & health
Russiabetter
98.6%
15th of 153
Türkiye
54.3%
107th of 153
Income inequality (Gini)Society & health
Russiabetter
33.0
42nd of 108
Türkiye
43.7
97th of 108
Air pollution (PM2.5)Environment & energy
Russiabetter
11.6
59th of 200
Türkiye
26.4
142nd of 200
GDP growthEconomy
Russia
1.0%
175th of 210
Türkiyebetter
3.6%
94th of 210
Over time
How the two countries moved against each other, from the yearly data.
Türkiye overtook Russia in the NationsTree Index in 2025, the latest year with data.
Russia overtook Türkiye in GDP per person (PPP) in 2019 and has stayed ahead since.
Türkiye overtook Russia in life expectancy in 1992 and has stayed ahead since.
Russia has been ahead of Türkiye in GDP (PPP) and population in every year since 1990.
Strength by category
Average world percentile of the indicators in each category (0–100, direction taken into account). i
RussiaTürkiye All indicators
Latest available value for each country with its year and world rank. Green: the better world position of the two, red: the weaker one.
| Indicator | Russia | Türkiye |
|---|---|---|
| Land & people | ||
| Surface area km² | 17,125,1901st/216 · 2024 | 785,35036th/216 · 2024 |
| Land area km² | 16,376,8701st/216 · 2024 | 769,63036th/216 · 2024 |
| Population people | 143.5 m9th/217 · 2025 | 85.9 m18th/217 · 2025 |
| Population growth % | -0.11%178th/217 · 2025 | 0.42%147th/217 · 2025 |
| Population density people/km² | 8.8203rd/216 · 2024 | 111.197th/216 · 2024 |
| Urban population % | 75.3%73rd/217 · 2025 | 89.5%32nd/217 · 2025 |
| Population aged 0–14 % | 17.0%154th/217 · 2025 | 21.0%116th/217 · 2025 |
| Population aged 65+ % | 17.8%50th/217 · 2025 | 10.6%94th/217 · 2025 |
| Economy | ||
| GDP USD | $2.56 trn8th/210 · 2025 | $1.60 trn16th/210 · 2025 |
| GDP (PPP) intl. USD | $7.24 trn4th/199 · 2025 | $3.89 trn11th/199 · 2025 |
| Real GDP (PPP, constant 2021 prices) intl. USD 2021 | $6.18 trn4th/199 · 2025 | $3.20 trn11th/199 · 2025 |
| GDP per person USD | $17,54784th/210 · 2025 | $18,59981st/210 · 2025 |
| GDP per person (PPP) intl. USD | $49,56855th/199 · 2025 | $45,28858th/199 · 2025 |
| GNI per person (Atlas) USD | $15,96076th/201 · 2025 | $16,30075th/201 · 2025 |
| GDP growth % | 1.0%175th/210 · 2025 | 3.6%94th/210 · 2025 |
| Inflation % | 8.7%155th/180 · 2025 | 34.9%175th/180 · 2025 |
| Unemployment % | 2.1%18th/187 · 2025 | 8.5%138th/187 · 2025 |
| Central government debt % of GDP | 17.9%4th/55 · 2024 | 25.5%8th/55 · 2024 |
| General government gross debt % of GDP | 16.6%15th/189 · 2025 | 23.7%21st/189 · 2025 |
| Government budget balance % of GDP | -3.9%129th/192 · 2025 | -2.8%99th/192 · 2025 |
| Main industries | ||
| Agriculture, forestry, fishing % of GDP | 3.1%127th/197 · 2025 | 5.2%105th/197 · 2025 |
| Industry incl. construction % of GDP | 29.7%55th/200 · 2025 | 24.0%96th/200 · 2025 |
| Manufacturing % of GDP | 13.7%54th/192 · 2025 | 16.8%35th/192 · 2024 |
| Services % of GDP | 58.9%94th/200 · 2025 | 59.4%91st/200 · 2025 |
| Trade | ||
| Exports of goods & services USD | $466.24 bn22nd/182 · 2025 | $396.92 bn26th/182 · 2025 |
| Imports of goods & services USD | $397.18 bn25th/182 · 2025 | $400.68 bn23rd/182 · 2025 |
| Exports % of GDP | 18.2%151st/183 · 2025 | 24.8%125th/183 · 2025 |
| Imports % of GDP | 15.5%176th/183 · 2025 | 25.1%152nd/183 · 2025 |
| Trade openness % of GDP | 33.7%173rd/183 · 2025 | 49.9%144th/183 · 2025 |
| Fuel exports % of merchandise exports | 43.1%25th/170 · 2021 | 5.4%72nd/170 · 2025 |
| Manufactures exports % of merchandise exports | 22.1%102nd/171 · 2021 | 74.5%32nd/171 · 2025 |
| Food exports % of merchandise exports | 6.6%133rd/171 · 2021 | 11.8%108th/171 · 2025 |
| Ores & metals exports % of merchandise exports | 7.4%50th/171 · 2021 | 4.6%66th/171 · 2025 |
| High-tech exports % of manufactured exports | 9.7%67th/168 · 2021 | 5.1%100th/168 · 2024 |
| Current account balance % of GDP | 1.5%63rd/191 · 2025 | -1.9%99th/191 · 2025 |
| Foreign direct investment, inflows % of GDP | 0.4%161st/196 · 2025 | 0.8%152nd/196 · 2025 |
| Natural resources | ||
| Natural resource rents % of GDP | 18.5%25th/209 · 2021 | 0.8%121st/209 · 2021 |
| Oil rents % of GDP | 9.67%20th/197 · 2021 | 0.14%73rd/197 · 2021 |
| Natural gas rents % of GDP | 5.86%11th/197 · 2021 | 0.01%85th/197 · 2021 |
| Coal rents % of GDP | 0.61%11th/195 · 2021 | 0.05%35th/195 · 2021 |
| Mineral rents % of GDP | 2.05%35th/209 · 2021 | 0.63%51st/209 · 2021 |
| Forest rents % of GDP | 0.31%79th/209 · 2021 | 0.00%183rd/209 · 2021 |
| Arable land % of land area | 7.4%117th/206 · 2024 | 26.3%37th/206 · 2024 |
| Renewable freshwater per person m³ | 29,89520th/183 · 2022 | 2,67188th/183 · 2022 |
| Tourism | ||
| International tourist arrivals arrivals | 6.4 m31st/194 · 2020 | 16.0 m15th/194 · 2020 |
| Tourism receipts USD | $4.96 bn30th/175 · 2020 | $13.77 bn12th/175 · 2020 |
| Tourism receipts % of exports | 1.3%145th/168 · 2020 | 6.6%76th/168 · 2020 |
| Outbound trips departures | 12.4 m16th/107 · 2020 | 2.2 m48th/107 · 2020 |
| Society & health | ||
| Life expectancy years | 73.4122nd/217 · 2024 | 77.483rd/217 · 2024 |
| Under-5 mortality per 1,000 births | 5.241st/196 · 2024 | 9.672nd/196 · 2024 |
| Physicians per 1,000 people | 5.118th/174 · 2022 | 2.2479th/174 · 2022 |
| Hospital beds per 1,000 people | 6.88th/145 · 2023 | 3.157th/145 · 2023 |
| DPT immunization % of children 12–23 months | 97%29th/193 · 2024 | 99%1st/193 · 2024 |
| Completed lower secondary, 25+ % of adults | 98.6%15th/153 · 2021 | 54.3%107th/153 · 2023 |
| Secondary enrolment % gross | 92.5%89th/173 · 2023 | 118.4%20th/173 · 2023 |
| Social protection coverage (incl. pensions) % of population | 77.5%2017 | 49.3%31st/55 · 2019 |
| Old-age dependency ratio % of working-age population | 27.3%51st/217 · 2025 | 15.5%95th/217 · 2025 |
| Health spending % of GDP | 7.0%85th/193 · 2023 | 4.3%148th/193 · 2023 |
| Adult literacy % | 99.9%3rd/98 · 2021 | 97.3%26th/98 · 2021 |
| Tertiary enrolment % gross | 60.4%59th/150 · 2024 | 105.9%10th/150 · 2023 |
| Human Development Index index 0–1 | 0.83264th/193 · 2023 | 0.85351st/193 · 2023 |
| Income inequality (Gini) index | 33.042nd/108 · 2023 | 43.797th/108 · 2023 |
| Extreme poverty % of population | 0.1%10th/108 · 2023 | 0.2%18th/108 · 2023 |
| Infrastructure & digital | ||
| Access to electricity % of population | 100.0%1st/215 · 2024 | 100.0%1st/215 · 2024 |
| Safely managed drinking water % of population | 76.3%80th/150 · 2024 | — |
| Safely managed sanitation % of population | 58.2%76th/144 · 2024 | 78.9%52nd/144 · 2024 |
| Internet users % of population | 94.4%31st/186 · 2024 | 89.8%58th/186 · 2025 |
| Mobile subscriptions per 100 people | 1869th/210 · 2024 | 108128th/210 · 2024 |
| Fixed broadband per 100 people | 27.170th/208 · 2024 | 23.481st/208 · 2024 |
| Trade & transport infrastructure quality (LPI) score 1–5 | 2.7071st/164 · 2022 | 3.4042nd/164 · 2022 |
| Rail lines route-km | 85,5443rd/82 · 2021 | 10,54617th/82 · 2021 |
| Air passengers carried passengers | 98.9 m8th/161 · 2023 | 125.9 m5th/161 · 2023 |
| Environment & energy | ||
| CO₂ emissions per person t CO₂e | 13.98190th/203 · 2024 | 5.38156th/203 · 2024 |
| Renewable energy % of final energy use | 3.5%172nd/212 · 2021 | 12.0%135th/212 · 2021 |
| Air pollution (PM2.5) µg/m³ | 11.659th/200 · 2023 | 26.4142nd/200 · 2023 |
| Forest area % of land area | 50.8%56th/214 · 2024 | 29.5%113th/214 · 2024 |
| Energy use per person kg oil eq. | 5,72711th/149 · 2024 | 1,93659th/149 · 2024 |
| Institutions & safety | ||
| Government effectiveness score 0–100 | 42.1143rd/205 · 2025 | 52.9106th/205 · 2025 |
| Control of corruption score 0–100 | 28.2167th/207 · 2025 | 37.4135th/207 · 2025 |
| Rule of law score 0–100 | 37.7186th/207 · 2025 | 45.2153rd/207 · 2025 |
| Political stability score 0–100 | 49.0179th/207 · 2025 | 50.2175th/207 · 2025 |
| Regulatory quality score 0–100 | 34.9182nd/205 · 2025 | 52.5110th/205 · 2025 |
| Voice & accountability score 0–100 | 31.3178th/205 · 2025 | 37.3159th/205 · 2025 |
| Homicide rate per 100,000 | 6.8107th/145 · 2021 | 3.284th/145 · 2023 |
| Military | ||
| Military expenditure USD | $190.42 bn3rd/156 · 2025 | $29.99 bn18th/156 · 2025 |
| Military expenditure % of GDP | 7.5%4th/156 · 2025 | 1.9%69th/156 · 2025 |
| Military expenditure % of government spending | 19.8%9th/154 · 2025 | 5.9%63rd/154 · 2025 |
| Armed forces personnel people | 1.5 m4th/170 · 2020 | 512,00013th/170 · 2020 |
| Armed forces personnel % of labour force | 1.98%29th/168 · 2020 | 1.61%38th/168 · 2020 |
| Arms imports (SIPRI TIV) TIV | 129.0 m44th/163 · 2025 | 381.0 m31st/163 · 2025 |
| Arms exports (SIPRI TIV) TIV | 1.9 bn5th/65 · 2025 | 539.0 m11th/65 · 2025 |
| Science & innovation | ||
| R&D spending % of GDP | 0.94%44th/110 · 2024 | 1.42%32nd/110 · 2023 |
| Patent applications by residents applications | 21,5027th/137 · 2024 | 10,00410th/137 · 2024 |
| Scientific articles articles | 85,5587th/197 · 2023 | 50,18016th/197 · 2023 |
Questions and answers
Which has more people, Russia or Türkiye?
Russia has the larger population: 143.5 m (2025) compared with 85.9 m for Türkiye (2025). Source: World Bank, SP.POP.TOTL.
Which is bigger by area, Russia or Türkiye?
Russia is larger: 17,125,190 km² (2024) compared with 785,350 km² for Türkiye (2024). Source: World Bank, AG.SRF.TOTL.K2.
Which economy is larger, Russia or Türkiye?
Russia has the larger economy at purchasing power parity: $7.24 trn intl. (2025) compared with $3.89 trn intl. for Türkiye (2025). Source: World Bank, NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD.
Which is richer per person, Russia or Türkiye?
Russia has the higher GDP per person (PPP): $49,568 intl. (2025) compared with $45,288 intl. for Türkiye (2025). Source: World Bank, NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD.
Where do people live longer, in Russia or Türkiye?
Türkiye has the higher life expectancy at birth: 77.4 years (2024) compared with 73.4 years for Russia (2024). Source: World Bank, SP.DYN.LE00.IN.
Which spends more on the military, Russia or Türkiye?
Russia spends more on the military: $190.42 bn (2025) compared with $29.99 bn for Türkiye (2025). Source: World Bank, MS.MIL.XPND.CD.
Which ranks higher in the NationsTree Index, Russia or Türkiye?
Türkiye: 64.7 points (47th in the world); Russia: 63.8 points (51st). The index combines foundations, economic strength, quality of life, problems and 5-year direction from public statistics.
Argentina
Australia
Canada
Indonesia
Italy
Mexico
South AfricaSources
World Bank World Development Indicators and Worldwide Governance Indicators, compiling UN agencies, the IMF, WHO, SIPRI and national statistical offices; every row links to its world ranking with the source series. See Sources & licences and Methodology.
Cite as: NationsTree (2026). Russia vs Türkiye — country comparison. https://nationstree.org/compare/russia-vs-turkiye. Data as of 26 October 2026.