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Comparison · latest available · data as of 26 October 2026 · printed 27 Oct 2026
NationsTree / Compare / Romania vs Switzerland

Romania vs Switzerland

Side-by-side comparison of Romania and Switzerland from official statistics: size, economy, people, trade, natural resources, health, infrastructure and military, with world ranks, years and sources.

Romania

Europe & Central Asia · nation age 696 years

NationsTree Index58.360th of 196
Tree height19 m 
vs
3:34
indicators where each ranks higher

Switzerland

Europe & Central Asia · nation age 735 years

NationsTree Index80.64th of 196
Tree height21 m 
Open in the comparison tool Data as of 26 October 2026

In short

Switzerland scores 80.6 in the NationsTree Index (4th in the world) and Romania scores 58.3 (60th), a gap of 22.3 points. Their trees are 19 m and 21 m tall; tree height grows with real GDP and is adjusted by the index.

Romania has 2.1 times the population of Switzerland. Romania is 5.8 times larger than Switzerland by land area. Romania and Switzerland have economies of similar size (GDP at purchasing power parity). Population: Romania 19.0 million and Switzerland 9.1 million (2025).

GDP per person at purchasing power parity is $102,513 in Switzerland and $50,895 in Romania (2025, international dollars). People in Switzerland live on average 7.9 years longer (84.4 vs 76.5 years).

Of 37 indicators reported by both countries, Romania ranks higher in the world on 3 and Switzerland on 34. Romania is clearly stronger in military and natural resources. Switzerland is clearly stronger in institutions & safety, economy and science & innovation.

As a nation, Switzerland is the older of the two (statehood since 1291, 735 years), compared with Romania (since 1330). Over the last five years Switzerland improved faster (direction score 48 vs 16 out of 100).

Where they differ most

The indicators with the biggest gap in world position between Romania and Switzerland.

Over time

How the two countries moved against each other, from the yearly data.

NationsTree IndexRomaniaSwitzerland
405060708090100 1996 2001 2006 2011 2016 2021 2025

Romania overtook Switzerland in GDP (PPP) in 2023 and has stayed ahead since.

Switzerland has been ahead of Romania in the NationsTree Index in every year since 1996.

Switzerland has been ahead of Romania in GDP per person (PPP) and life expectancy in every year since 1990.

Romania has been ahead of Switzerland in population in every year since 1990.

Strength by category

Average world percentile of the indicators in each category (0–100, direction taken into account). i

All indicators

Latest available value for each country with its year and world rank. Green: the better world position of the two, red: the weaker one.

Indicator Romania Switzerland
Land & people
Surface area i km² 238,39782nd/216 · 2024 41,291133rd/216 · 2024
Land area i km² 230,08081st/216 · 2024 39,510132nd/216 · 2024
Population i people 19.0 m67th/217 · 2025 9.1 m98th/217 · 2025
Population growth i % -0.17%186th/217 · 2025 0.96%103rd/217 · 2025
Population density i people/km² 82.8121st/216 · 2024 227.962nd/216 · 2024
Urban population i % 52.2%150th/217 · 2025 85.7%45th/217 · 2025
Population aged 0–14 i % 15.6%173rd/217 · 2025 14.9%182nd/217 · 2025
Population aged 65+ i % 20.1%38th/217 · 2025 20.4%34th/217 · 2025
Economy
GDP i USD $428.68 bn38th/210 · 2025 $1.04 trn20th/210 · 2025
GDP (PPP) i intl. USD $968.04 bn34th/199 · 2025 $932.10 bn35th/199 · 2025
Real GDP (PPP, constant 2021 prices) i intl. USD 2021 $776.90 bn36th/199 · 2025 $779.51 bn35th/199 · 2025
GDP per person i USD $22,53871st/210 · 2025 $114,7696th/210 · 2025
GDP per person (PPP) i intl. USD $50,89552nd/199 · 2025 $102,5138th/199 · 2025
GNI per person (Atlas) i USD $20,19066th/201 · 2025 $110,3302nd/201 · 2025
GDP growth i % 0.7%181st/210 · 2025 1.3%164th/210 · 2025
Inflation i % 7.2%147th/180 · 2025 0.2%17th/180 · 2025
Unemployment i % 6.0%112th/187 · 2025 4.9%83rd/187 · 2025
Central government debt i % of GDP — 22.3%7th/55 · 2024
General government gross debt i % of GDP 60.4%116th/189 · 2025 40.1%59th/189 · 2025
Government budget balance i % of GDP -7.6%177th/192 · 2025 0.2%35th/192 · 2025
Main industries
Agriculture, forestry, fishing i % of GDP 3.0%128th/197 · 2025 0.6%178th/197 · 2025
Industry incl. construction i % of GDP 25.3%81st/200 · 2025 25.0%86th/200 · 2025
Manufacturing i % of GDP 11.8%80th/192 · 2025 18.9%26th/192 · 2025
Services i % of GDP 61.7%73rd/200 · 2025 71.7%27th/200 · 2025
Trade
Exports of goods & services i USD $152.11 bn39th/182 · 2025 $814.50 bn14th/182 · 2025
Imports of goods & services i USD $174.60 bn36th/182 · 2025 $721.18 bn15th/182 · 2025
Exports i % of GDP 35.5%93rd/183 · 2025 78.1%21st/183 · 2025
Imports i % of GDP 40.7%100th/183 · 2025 69.1%37th/183 · 2025
Trade openness i % of GDP 76.2%105th/183 · 2025 147.2%23rd/183 · 2025
Fuel exports i % of merchandise exports 5.6%71st/170 · 2025 1.0%118th/170 · 2025
Manufactures exports i % of merchandise exports 77.1%29th/171 · 2025 59.5%56th/171 · 2025
Food exports i % of merchandise exports 13.0%100th/171 · 2025 2.2%153rd/171 · 2025
Ores & metals exports i % of merchandise exports 2.7%89th/171 · 2025 1.8%111th/171 · 2025
High-tech exports i % of manufactured exports 13.4%52nd/168 · 2024 29.6%15th/168 · 2024
Current account balance i % of GDP -7.9%164th/191 · 2025 5.6%33rd/191 · 2025
Foreign direct investment, inflows i % of GDP 2.2%96th/196 · 2025 0.0%178th/196 · 2025
Natural resources
Natural resource rents i % of GDP 1.1%115th/209 · 2021 0.0%174th/209 · 2021
Oil rents i % of GDP 0.38%59th/197 · 2021 0.00%115th/197 · 2021
Natural gas rents i % of GDP 0.53%37th/197 · 2021 0.00%100th/197 · 2021
Coal rents i % of GDP 0.02%43rd/195 · 2021 0.00%68th/195 · 2021
Mineral rents i % of GDP 0.03%78th/209 · 2021 0.00%91st/209 · 2021
Forest rents i % of GDP 0.18%95th/209 · 2021 0.01%155th/209 · 2021
Arable land i % of land area 36.4%19th/206 · 2024 10.1%104th/206 · 2024
Renewable freshwater per person i m³ 2,22599th/183 · 2022 4,60367th/183 · 2022
Tourism
International tourist arrivals i arrivals 5.0 m37th/194 · 2020 11.8 m21st/194 · 2019
Tourism receipts i USD $1.61 bn58th/175 · 2020 $9.99 bn20th/175 · 2020
Tourism receipts i % of exports 1.7%136th/168 · 2020 2.1%127th/168 · 2020
Outbound trips i departures 9.5 m20th/107 · 2020 19.8 m13th/107 · 2019
Society & health
Life expectancy i years 76.594th/217 · 2024 84.45th/217 · 2024
Under-5 mortality i per 1,000 births 7.356th/196 · 2024 3.930th/196 · 2024
Physicians i per 1,000 people 3.6340th/174 · 2022 4.4818th/174 · 2022
Hospital beds i per 1,000 people 7.27th/145 · 2022 4.429th/145 · 2023
DPT immunization i % of children 12–23 months 79%148th/193 · 2024 96%48th/193 · 2024
Completed lower secondary, 25+ i % of adults 93.4%34th/153 · 2023 98.2%18th/153 · 2024
Secondary enrolment i % gross 81.6%125th/173 · 2023 101.4%56th/173 · 2024
Social protection coverage (incl. pensions) i % of population 79.8%10th/55 · 2021 —
Old-age dependency ratio i % of working-age population 31.3%35th/217 · 2025 31.6%34th/217 · 2025
Health spending i % of GDP 5.7%112th/193 · 2023 11.7%11th/193 · 2023
Adult literacy i % 99.2%13th/98 · 2021 —
Tertiary enrolment i % gross 55.2%68th/150 · 2023 73.5%44th/150 · 2024
Human Development Index i index 0–1 0.84555th/193 · 2023 0.9702nd/193 · 2023
Income inequality (Gini) i index 29.821st/108 · 2023 33.547th/108 · 2023
Extreme poverty i % of population 0.7%40th/108 · 2023 0.1%10th/108 · 2023
Infrastructure & digital
Access to electricity i % of population 100.0%1st/215 · 2024 100.0%1st/215 · 2024
Safely managed drinking water i % of population 82.2%70th/150 · 2024 96.7%45th/150 · 2024
Safely managed sanitation i % of population 89.8%39th/144 · 2024 99.7%7th/144 · 2024
Internet users i % of population 91.3%48th/186 · 2024 97.3%15th/186 · 2025
Mobile subscriptions i per 100 people 12091st/210 · 2024 12960th/210 · 2024
Fixed broadband i per 100 people 35.840th/208 · 2024 47.010th/208 · 2024
Trade & transport infrastructure quality (LPI) i score 1–5 2.9058th/164 · 2022 4.402nd/164 · 2022
Rail lines i route-km 10,76916th/82 · 2021 4,12230th/82 · 2021
Air passengers carried i passengers 2.8 m72nd/161 · 2023 27.7 m30th/161 · 2023
Environment & energy
CO₂ emissions per person i t CO₂e 3.72126th/203 · 2024 3.75127th/203 · 2024
Renewable energy i % of final energy use 23.6%97th/212 · 2021 27.7%86th/212 · 2021
Air pollution (PM2.5) i µg/m³ 16.092nd/200 · 2023 8.333rd/200 · 2023
Forest area i % of land area 30.2%112th/214 · 2024 32.0%108th/214 · 2024
Energy use per person i kg oil eq. 1,59170th/149 · 2024 2,48345th/149 · 2024
Institutions & safety
Government effectiveness i score 0–100 59.973rd/205 · 2025 92.64th/205 · 2025
Control of corruption i score 0–100 48.093rd/207 · 2025 88.13rd/207 · 2025
Rule of law i score 0–100 63.580th/207 · 2025 87.35th/207 · 2025
Political stability i score 0–100 69.298th/207 · 2025 85.233rd/207 · 2025
Regulatory quality i score 0–100 60.174th/205 · 2025 84.54th/205 · 2025
Voice & accountability i score 0–100 65.874th/205 · 2025 85.910th/205 · 2025
Homicide rate i per 100,000 1.146th/145 · 2023 0.616th/145 · 2023
Military
Military expenditure i USD $9.73 bn33rd/156 · 2025 $7.59 bn37th/156 · 2025
Military expenditure i % of GDP 2.3%49th/156 · 2025 0.8%132nd/156 · 2025
Military expenditure i % of government spending 5.6%70th/154 · 2025 2.4%136th/154 · 2025
Armed forces personnel i people 128,00048th/170 · 2020 20,000106th/170 · 2020
Armed forces personnel i % of labour force 1.52%41st/168 · 2020 0.40%130th/168 · 2020
Arms imports (SIPRI TIV) i TIV 421.0 m26th/163 · 2025 33.0 m73rd/163 · 2023
Arms exports (SIPRI TIV) i TIV 132.0 m20th/65 · 2025 129.0 m21st/65 · 2025
Science & innovation
R&D spending i % of GDP 0.52%61st/110 · 2023 3.22%9th/110 · 2023
Patent applications by residents i applications 74737th/137 · 2024 1,19127th/137 · 2024
Scientific articles i articles 10,71341st/197 · 2023 22,80423rd/197 · 2023

Questions and answers

Which has more people, Romania or Switzerland?

Romania has the larger population: 19.0 m (2025) compared with 9.1 m for Switzerland (2025). Source: World Bank, SP.POP.TOTL.

Which is bigger by area, Romania or Switzerland?

Romania is larger: 238,397 km² (2024) compared with 41,291 km² for Switzerland (2024). Source: World Bank, AG.SRF.TOTL.K2.

Which economy is larger, Romania or Switzerland?

Romania has the larger economy at purchasing power parity: $968.04 bn intl. (2025) compared with $932.10 bn intl. for Switzerland (2025). Source: World Bank, NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD.

Which is richer per person, Romania or Switzerland?

Switzerland has the higher GDP per person (PPP): $102,513 intl. (2025) compared with $50,895 intl. for Romania (2025). Source: World Bank, NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD.

Where do people live longer, in Romania or Switzerland?

Switzerland has the higher life expectancy at birth: 84.4 years (2024) compared with 76.5 years for Romania (2024). Source: World Bank, SP.DYN.LE00.IN.

Which spends more on the military, Romania or Switzerland?

Romania spends more on the military: $9.73 bn (2025) compared with $7.59 bn for Switzerland (2025). Source: World Bank, MS.MIL.XPND.CD.

Which ranks higher in the NationsTree Index, Romania or Switzerland?

Switzerland: 80.6 points (4th in the world); Romania: 58.3 points (60th). The index combines foundations, economic strength, quality of life, problems and 5-year direction from public statistics.

More comparisons

Romania compared with

Switzerland compared with

Sources

World Bank World Development Indicators and Worldwide Governance Indicators, compiling UN agencies, the IMF, WHO, SIPRI and national statistical offices; every row links to its world ranking with the source series. See Sources & licences and Methodology.

Cite as: NationsTree (2026). Romania vs Switzerland — country comparison. https://nationstree.org/compare/romania-vs-switzerland. Data as of 26 October 2026.

Cite as: NationsTree (2026). Romania vs Switzerland — country comparison. https://nationstree.org/compare/romania-vs-switzerland. Data as of 26 October 2026.
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