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Comparison · latest available · data as of 26 October 2026 · printed 27 Oct 2026
NationsTree / Compare / Netherlands vs Romania

Netherlands vs Romania

Side-by-side comparison of Netherlands and Romania from official statistics: size, economy, people, trade, natural resources, health, infrastructure and military, with world ranks, years and sources.

Netherlands

Europe & Central Asia · nation age 445 years

NationsTree Index76.712th of 196
Tree height26 m 
vs
32:5
indicators where each ranks higher

Romania

Europe & Central Asia · nation age 696 years

NationsTree Index58.360th of 196
Tree height19 m 
Open in the comparison tool Data as of 26 October 2026

In short

Netherlands scores 76.7 in the NationsTree Index (12th in the world) and Romania scores 58.3 (60th), a gap of 18.4 points. Their trees are 26 m and 19 m tall; tree height grows with real GDP and is adjusted by the index.

Netherlands and Romania have a similar population. Romania is 5.7 times larger than Netherlands by land area. The economy of Netherlands is 63% larger than that of Romania (GDP at purchasing power parity). Population: Netherlands 18.1 million and Romania 19.0 million (2025).

GDP per person at purchasing power parity is $87,320 in Netherlands and $50,895 in Romania (2025, international dollars). People in Netherlands live on average 5.5 years longer (82.0 vs 76.5 years).

Of 37 indicators reported by both countries, Netherlands ranks higher in the world on 32 and Romania on 5. Netherlands is clearly stronger in institutions & safety, economy and science & innovation. Romania is clearly stronger in natural resources and main industries.

As a nation, Romania is the older of the two (statehood since 1330, 696 years), compared with Netherlands (since 1581). Over the last five years Romania improved faster (direction score 16 vs 12 out of 100).

Where they differ most

The indicators with the biggest gap in world position between Netherlands and Romania.

Over time

How the two countries moved against each other, from the yearly data.

NationsTree IndexNetherlandsRomania
405060708090100 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

Netherlands has been ahead of Romania in the NationsTree Index in every year since 1995.

Netherlands has been ahead of Romania in GDP per person (PPP), GDP (PPP) and life expectancy in every year since 1990.

Romania has been ahead of Netherlands in population in every year since 1990.

Strength by category

Average world percentile of the indicators in each category (0–100, direction taken into account). i

All indicators

Latest available value for each country with its year and world rank. Green: the better world position of the two, red: the weaker one.

Indicator Netherlands Romania
Land & people
Surface area i km² 41,540132nd/216 · 2024 238,39782nd/216 · 2024
Land area i km² 33,670134th/216 · 2024 230,08081st/216 · 2024
Population i people 18.1 m71st/217 · 2025 19.0 m67th/217 · 2025
Population growth i % 0.52%135th/217 · 2025 -0.17%186th/217 · 2025
Population density i people/km² 534.422nd/216 · 2024 82.8121st/216 · 2024
Urban population i % 95.9%15th/217 · 2025 52.2%150th/217 · 2025
Population aged 0–14 i % 14.9%181st/217 · 2025 15.6%173rd/217 · 2025
Population aged 65+ i % 20.9%30th/217 · 2025 20.1%38th/217 · 2025
Economy
GDP i USD $1.33 trn18th/210 · 2025 $428.68 bn38th/210 · 2025
GDP (PPP) i intl. USD $1.58 trn27th/199 · 2025 $968.04 bn34th/199 · 2025
Real GDP (PPP, constant 2021 prices) i intl. USD 2021 $1.29 trn27th/199 · 2025 $776.90 bn36th/199 · 2025
GDP per person i USD $73,68417th/210 · 2025 $22,53871st/210 · 2025
GDP per person (PPP) i intl. USD $87,32013th/199 · 2025 $50,89552nd/199 · 2025
GNI per person (Atlas) i USD $68,53015th/201 · 2025 $20,19066th/201 · 2025
GDP growth i % 1.8%154th/210 · 2025 0.7%181st/210 · 2025
Inflation i % 3.2%91st/180 · 2025 7.2%147th/180 · 2025
Unemployment i % 3.9%67th/187 · 2025 6.0%112th/187 · 2025
Central government debt i % of GDP 54.2%1994 —
General government gross debt i % of GDP 44.7%73rd/189 · 2025 60.4%116th/189 · 2025
Government budget balance i % of GDP -1.6%66th/192 · 2025 -7.6%177th/192 · 2025
Main industries
Agriculture, forestry, fishing i % of GDP 1.7%150th/197 · 2025 3.0%128th/197 · 2025
Industry incl. construction i % of GDP 17.7%143rd/200 · 2025 25.3%81st/200 · 2025
Manufacturing i % of GDP 10.1%98th/192 · 2025 11.8%80th/192 · 2025
Services i % of GDP 70.4%33rd/200 · 2025 61.7%73rd/200 · 2025
Trade
Exports of goods & services i USD $1.08 trn6th/182 · 2025 $152.11 bn39th/182 · 2025
Imports of goods & services i USD $925.62 bn8th/182 · 2025 $174.60 bn36th/182 · 2025
Exports i % of GDP 80.7%16th/183 · 2025 35.5%93rd/183 · 2025
Imports i % of GDP 69.5%35th/183 · 2025 40.7%100th/183 · 2025
Trade openness i % of GDP 150.1%22nd/183 · 2025 76.2%105th/183 · 2025
Fuel exports i % of merchandise exports 10.8%47th/170 · 2025 5.6%71st/170 · 2025
Manufactures exports i % of merchandise exports 63.6%50th/171 · 2025 77.1%29th/171 · 2025
Food exports i % of merchandise exports 17.4%83rd/171 · 2025 13.0%100th/171 · 2025
Ores & metals exports i % of merchandise exports 2.4%100th/171 · 2025 2.7%89th/171 · 2025
High-tech exports i % of manufactured exports 23.5%25th/168 · 2024 13.4%52nd/168 · 2024
Current account balance i % of GDP 7.6%25th/191 · 2025 -7.9%164th/191 · 2025
Foreign direct investment, inflows i % of GDP 0.3%166th/196 · 2025 2.2%96th/196 · 2025
Natural resources
Natural resource rents i % of GDP 0.3%140th/209 · 2021 1.1%115th/209 · 2021
Oil rents i % of GDP 0.02%95th/197 · 2021 0.38%59th/197 · 2021
Natural gas rents i % of GDP 0.31%46th/197 · 2021 0.53%37th/197 · 2021
Coal rents i % of GDP 0.00%68th/195 · 2021 0.02%43rd/195 · 2021
Mineral rents i % of GDP 0.00%91st/209 · 2021 0.03%78th/209 · 2021
Forest rents i % of GDP 0.00%160th/209 · 2021 0.18%95th/209 · 2021
Arable land i % of land area 29.8%29th/206 · 2024 36.4%19th/206 · 2024
Renewable freshwater per person i m³ 621149th/183 · 2022 2,22599th/183 · 2022
Tourism
International tourist arrivals i arrivals 7.3 m29th/194 · 2020 5.0 m37th/194 · 2020
Tourism receipts i USD $10.93 bn18th/175 · 2020 $1.61 bn58th/175 · 2020
Tourism receipts i % of exports 1.4%141st/168 · 2020 1.7%136th/168 · 2020
Outbound trips i departures 22.0 m9th/107 · 2019 9.5 m20th/107 · 2020
Society & health
Life expectancy i years 82.037th/217 · 2024 76.594th/217 · 2024
Under-5 mortality i per 1,000 births 3.930th/196 · 2024 7.356th/196 · 2024
Physicians i per 1,000 people 3.8834th/174 · 2022 3.6340th/174 · 2022
Hospital beds i per 1,000 people 2.475th/145 · 2022 7.27th/145 · 2022
DPT immunization i % of children 12–23 months 91%93rd/193 · 2024 79%148th/193 · 2024
Completed lower secondary, 25+ i % of adults 90.3%48th/153 · 2023 93.4%34th/153 · 2023
Secondary enrolment i % gross 137.5%4th/173 · 2023 81.6%125th/173 · 2023
Social protection coverage (incl. pensions) i % of population — 79.8%10th/55 · 2021
Old-age dependency ratio i % of working-age population 32.5%31st/217 · 2025 31.3%35th/217 · 2025
Health spending i % of GDP 10.0%29th/193 · 2024 5.7%112th/193 · 2023
Adult literacy i % — 99.2%13th/98 · 2021
Tertiary enrolment i % gross 86.6%17th/150 · 2023 55.2%68th/150 · 2023
Human Development Index i index 0–1 0.9558th/193 · 2023 0.84555th/193 · 2023
Income inequality (Gini) i index 25.75th/108 · 2021 29.821st/108 · 2023
Extreme poverty i % of population 0.1%10th/108 · 2021 0.7%40th/108 · 2023
Infrastructure & digital
Access to electricity i % of population 100.0%1st/215 · 2024 100.0%1st/215 · 2024
Safely managed drinking water i % of population 100.0%12th/150 · 2024 82.2%70th/150 · 2024
Safely managed sanitation i % of population 97.5%15th/144 · 2024 89.8%39th/144 · 2024
Internet users i % of population 97.0%17th/186 · 2024 91.3%48th/186 · 2024
Mobile subscriptions i per 100 people 12963rd/210 · 2024 12091st/210 · 2024
Fixed broadband i per 100 people 43.020th/208 · 2024 35.840th/208 · 2024
Trade & transport infrastructure quality (LPI) i score 1–5 4.205th/164 · 2022 2.9058th/164 · 2022
Rail lines i route-km 3,04141st/82 · 2021 10,76916th/82 · 2021
Air passengers carried i passengers 41.4 m28th/161 · 2023 2.8 m72nd/161 · 2023
Environment & energy
CO₂ emissions per person i t CO₂e 6.60167th/203 · 2024 3.72126th/203 · 2024
Renewable energy i % of final energy use 12.2%131st/212 · 2021 23.6%97th/212 · 2021
Air pollution (PM2.5) i µg/m³ 8.636th/200 · 2023 16.092nd/200 · 2023
Forest area i % of land area 11.0%166th/214 · 2024 30.2%112th/214 · 2024
Energy use per person i kg oil eq. 3,41926th/149 · 2024 1,59170th/149 · 2024
Institutions & safety
Government effectiveness i score 0–100 88.012th/205 · 2025 59.973rd/205 · 2025
Control of corruption i score 0–100 85.99th/207 · 2025 48.093rd/207 · 2025
Rule of law i score 0–100 86.28th/207 · 2025 63.580th/207 · 2025
Political stability i score 0–100 75.078th/207 · 2025 69.298th/207 · 2025
Regulatory quality i score 0–100 80.216th/205 · 2025 60.174th/205 · 2025
Voice & accountability i score 0–100 86.88th/205 · 2025 65.874th/205 · 2025
Homicide rate i per 100,000 0.722nd/145 · 2023 1.146th/145 · 2023
Military
Military expenditure i USD $28.94 bn19th/156 · 2025 $9.73 bn33rd/156 · 2025
Military expenditure i % of GDP 2.2%52nd/156 · 2025 2.3%49th/156 · 2025
Military expenditure i % of government spending 4.8%83rd/154 · 2025 5.6%70th/154 · 2025
Armed forces personnel i people 41,00079th/170 · 2020 128,00048th/170 · 2020
Armed forces personnel i % of labour force 0.42%124th/168 · 2020 1.52%41st/168 · 2020
Arms imports (SIPRI TIV) i TIV 824.0 m12th/163 · 2025 421.0 m26th/163 · 2025
Arms exports (SIPRI TIV) i TIV 601.0 m10th/65 · 2025 132.0 m20th/65 · 2025
Science & innovation
R&D spending i % of GDP 2.27%16th/110 · 2023 0.52%61st/110 · 2023
Patent applications by residents i applications 1,78122nd/137 · 2024 74737th/137 · 2024
Scientific articles i articles 32,20718th/197 · 2023 10,71341st/197 · 2023

Questions and answers

Which has more people, Netherlands or Romania?

Romania has the larger population: 19.0 m (2025) compared with 18.1 m for Netherlands (2025). Source: World Bank, SP.POP.TOTL.

Which is bigger by area, Netherlands or Romania?

Romania is larger: 238,397 km² (2024) compared with 41,540 km² for Netherlands (2024). Source: World Bank, AG.SRF.TOTL.K2.

Which economy is larger, Netherlands or Romania?

Netherlands has the larger economy at purchasing power parity: $1.58 trn intl. (2025) compared with $968.04 bn intl. for Romania (2025). Source: World Bank, NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD.

Which is richer per person, Netherlands or Romania?

Netherlands has the higher GDP per person (PPP): $87,320 intl. (2025) compared with $50,895 intl. for Romania (2025). Source: World Bank, NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD.

Where do people live longer, in Netherlands or Romania?

Netherlands has the higher life expectancy at birth: 82.0 years (2024) compared with 76.5 years for Romania (2024). Source: World Bank, SP.DYN.LE00.IN.

Which spends more on the military, Netherlands or Romania?

Netherlands spends more on the military: $28.94 bn (2025) compared with $9.73 bn for Romania (2025). Source: World Bank, MS.MIL.XPND.CD.

Which ranks higher in the NationsTree Index, Netherlands or Romania?

Netherlands: 76.7 points (12th in the world); Romania: 58.3 points (60th). The index combines foundations, economic strength, quality of life, problems and 5-year direction from public statistics.

More comparisons

Netherlands compared with

Romania compared with

Sources

World Bank World Development Indicators and Worldwide Governance Indicators, compiling UN agencies, the IMF, WHO, SIPRI and national statistical offices; every row links to its world ranking with the source series. See Sources & licences and Methodology.

Cite as: NationsTree (2026). Netherlands vs Romania — country comparison. https://nationstree.org/compare/netherlands-vs-romania. Data as of 26 October 2026.

Cite as: NationsTree (2026). Netherlands vs Romania — country comparison. https://nationstree.org/compare/netherlands-vs-romania. Data as of 26 October 2026.
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