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Comparison · latest available · data as of 26 October 2026 · printed 27 Oct 2026
NationsTree / Compare / Kazakhstan vs Romania

Kazakhstan vs Romania

Side-by-side comparison of Kazakhstan and Romania from official statistics: size, economy, people, trade, natural resources, health, infrastructure and military, with world ranks, years and sources.

Kazakhstan

Europe & Central Asia · nation age 561 years

NationsTree Index62.152nd of 196
Tree height19 m 
vs
14:23
indicators where each ranks higher

Romania

Europe & Central Asia · nation age 696 years

NationsTree Index58.360th of 196
Tree height19 m 
Open in the comparison tool Data as of 26 October 2026

In short

Kazakhstan scores 62.1 in the NationsTree Index (52nd in the world) and Romania scores 58.3 (60th), a gap of 3.8 points. Their trees are 19 m and 19 m tall; tree height grows with real GDP and is adjusted by the index.

Kazakhstan and Romania have a similar population. Kazakhstan is 11 times larger than Romania by land area. Kazakhstan and Romania have economies of similar size (GDP at purchasing power parity). Population: Kazakhstan 20.8 million and Romania 19.0 million (2025).

GDP per person at purchasing power parity is $50,895 in Romania and $44,293 in Kazakhstan (2025, international dollars). People in Romania live on average 1.9 years longer (76.5 vs 74.5 years).

Of 37 indicators reported by both countries, Kazakhstan ranks higher in the world on 14 and Romania on 23. Kazakhstan is clearly stronger in economy, land & people and natural resources. Romania is clearly stronger in military, institutions & safety and environment & energy.

As a nation, Romania is the older of the two (statehood since 1330, 696 years), compared with Kazakhstan (since 1465). Over the last five years Kazakhstan improved faster (direction score 62 vs 16 out of 100).

Where they differ most

The indicators with the biggest gap in world position between Kazakhstan and Romania.

Over time

How the two countries moved against each other, from the yearly data.

NationsTree IndexKazakhstanRomania
4050607080 1993 1998 2003 2008 2013 2018 2023 2025

Kazakhstan overtook Romania in the NationsTree Index in 2024 and has stayed ahead since.

Kazakhstan overtook Romania in population in 2020 and has stayed ahead since.

Romania overtook Kazakhstan in GDP per person (PPP) in 2016 and has stayed ahead since.

Romania overtook Kazakhstan in GDP (PPP) in 2015 and has stayed ahead since.

Romania has been ahead of Kazakhstan in life expectancy in every year since 1990.

Strength by category

Average world percentile of the indicators in each category (0–100, direction taken into account). i

All indicators

Latest available value for each country with its year and world rank. Green: the better world position of the two, red: the weaker one.

Indicator Kazakhstan Romania
Land & people
Surface area i km² 2,724,9029th/216 · 2024 238,39782nd/216 · 2024
Land area i km² 2,699,7009th/216 · 2024 230,08081st/216 · 2024
Population i people 20.8 m64th/217 · 2025 19.0 m67th/217 · 2025
Population growth i % 1.21%87th/217 · 2025 -0.17%186th/217 · 2025
Population density i people/km² 7.6205th/216 · 2024 82.8121st/216 · 2024
Urban population i % 62.4%119th/217 · 2025 52.2%150th/217 · 2025
Population aged 0–14 i % 29.1%75th/217 · 2025 15.6%173rd/217 · 2025
Population aged 65+ i % 9.0%107th/217 · 2025 20.1%38th/217 · 2025
Economy
GDP i USD $306.24 bn49th/210 · 2025 $428.68 bn38th/210 · 2025
GDP (PPP) i intl. USD $923.24 bn36th/199 · 2025 $968.04 bn34th/199 · 2025
Real GDP (PPP, constant 2021 prices) i intl. USD 2021 $788.95 bn34th/199 · 2025 $776.90 bn36th/199 · 2025
GDP per person i USD $14,69289th/210 · 2025 $22,53871st/210 · 2025
GDP per person (PPP) i intl. USD $44,29361st/199 · 2025 $50,89552nd/199 · 2025
GNI per person (Atlas) i USD $13,74081st/201 · 2025 $20,19066th/201 · 2025
GDP growth i % 6.5%25th/210 · 2025 0.7%181st/210 · 2025
Inflation i % 11.4%161st/180 · 2025 7.2%147th/180 · 2025
Unemployment i % 4.8%81st/187 · 2025 6.0%112th/187 · 2025
Central government debt i % of GDP 20.9%6th/55 · 2023 —
General government gross debt i % of GDP 24.3%23rd/189 · 2025 60.4%116th/189 · 2025
Government budget balance i % of GDP -3.1%110th/192 · 2025 -7.6%177th/192 · 2025
Main industries
Agriculture, forestry, fishing i % of GDP 3.7%117th/197 · 2025 3.0%128th/197 · 2025
Industry incl. construction i % of GDP 32.3%44th/200 · 2025 25.3%81st/200 · 2025
Manufacturing i % of GDP 12.7%68th/192 · 2025 11.8%80th/192 · 2025
Services i % of GDP 57.7%99th/200 · 2025 61.7%73rd/200 · 2025
Trade
Exports of goods & services i USD $92.07 bn51st/182 · 2024 $152.11 bn39th/182 · 2025
Imports of goods & services i USD $74.54 bn54th/182 · 2024 $174.60 bn36th/182 · 2025
Exports i % of GDP 31.6%106th/183 · 2024 35.5%93rd/183 · 2025
Imports i % of GDP 25.6%149th/183 · 2024 40.7%100th/183 · 2025
Trade openness i % of GDP 57.2%133rd/183 · 2024 76.2%105th/183 · 2025
Fuel exports i % of merchandise exports 54.5%20th/170 · 2025 5.6%71st/170 · 2025
Manufactures exports i % of merchandise exports 19.7%106th/171 · 2025 77.1%29th/171 · 2025
Food exports i % of merchandise exports 8.9%119th/171 · 2025 13.0%100th/171 · 2025
Ores & metals exports i % of merchandise exports 15.8%31st/171 · 2025 2.7%89th/171 · 2025
High-tech exports i % of manufactured exports 42.2%11th/168 · 2024 13.4%52nd/168 · 2024
Current account balance i % of GDP -4.1%132nd/191 · 2025 -7.9%164th/191 · 2025
Foreign direct investment, inflows i % of GDP -0.3%182nd/196 · 2025 2.2%96th/196 · 2025
Natural resources
Natural resource rents i % of GDP 26.8%16th/209 · 2021 1.1%115th/209 · 2021
Oil rents i % of GDP 14.84%16th/197 · 2021 0.38%59th/197 · 2021
Natural gas rents i % of GDP 2.04%22nd/197 · 2021 0.53%37th/197 · 2021
Coal rents i % of GDP 0.85%7th/195 · 2021 0.02%43rd/195 · 2021
Mineral rents i % of GDP 9.10%14th/209 · 2021 0.03%78th/209 · 2021
Forest rents i % of GDP 0.01%158th/209 · 2021 0.18%95th/209 · 2021
Arable land i % of land area 11.3%92nd/206 · 2024 36.4%19th/206 · 2024
Renewable freshwater per person i m³ 3,21279th/183 · 2022 2,22599th/183 · 2022
Tourism
International tourist arrivals i arrivals 2.0 m64th/194 · 2020 5.0 m37th/194 · 2020
Tourism receipts i USD $589.0 m90th/175 · 2020 $1.61 bn58th/175 · 2020
Tourism receipts i % of exports 1.2%149th/168 · 2020 1.7%136th/168 · 2020
Outbound trips i departures 2.9 m41st/107 · 2020 9.5 m20th/107 · 2020
Society & health
Life expectancy i years 74.5113th/217 · 2024 76.594th/217 · 2024
Under-5 mortality i per 1,000 births 9.469th/196 · 2024 7.356th/196 · 2024
Physicians i per 1,000 people 3.7537th/174 · 2023 3.6340th/174 · 2022
Hospital beds i per 1,000 people 6.511th/145 · 2020 7.27th/145 · 2022
DPT immunization i % of children 12–23 months 98%20th/193 · 2024 79%148th/193 · 2024
Completed lower secondary, 25+ i % of adults 95.7%27th/153 · 2024 93.4%34th/153 · 2023
Secondary enrolment i % gross 97.6%70th/173 · 2025 81.6%125th/173 · 2023
Social protection coverage (incl. pensions) i % of population 57.3%23rd/55 · 2021 79.8%10th/55 · 2021
Old-age dependency ratio i % of working-age population 14.6%101st/217 · 2025 31.3%35th/217 · 2025
Health spending i % of GDP 3.8%160th/193 · 2023 5.7%112th/193 · 2023
Adult literacy i % 99.7%2009 99.2%13th/98 · 2021
Tertiary enrolment i % gross 52.9%75th/150 · 2025 55.2%68th/150 · 2023
Human Development Index i index 0–1 0.83760th/193 · 2023 0.84555th/193 · 2023
Income inequality (Gini) i index 29.219th/108 · 2021 29.821st/108 · 2023
Extreme poverty i % of population 0.0%1st/108 · 2021 0.7%40th/108 · 2023
Infrastructure & digital
Access to electricity i % of population 100.0%1st/215 · 2024 100.0%1st/215 · 2024
Safely managed drinking water i % of population 91.5%57th/150 · 2024 82.2%70th/150 · 2024
Safely managed sanitation i % of population — 89.8%39th/144 · 2024
Internet users i % of population 93.4%39th/186 · 2024 91.3%48th/186 · 2024
Mobile subscriptions i per 100 people 12765th/210 · 2024 12091st/210 · 2024
Fixed broadband i per 100 people 15.3100th/208 · 2024 35.840th/208 · 2024
Trade & transport infrastructure quality (LPI) i score 1–5 2.5085th/164 · 2022 2.9058th/164 · 2022
Rail lines i route-km 16,00614th/82 · 2021 10,76916th/82 · 2021
Air passengers carried i passengers 11.9 m45th/161 · 2023 2.8 m72nd/161 · 2023
Environment & energy
CO₂ emissions per person i t CO₂e 12.57188th/203 · 2024 3.72126th/203 · 2024
Renewable energy i % of final energy use 2.0%179th/212 · 2021 23.6%97th/212 · 2021
Air pollution (PM2.5) i µg/m³ 19.6113th/200 · 2023 16.092nd/200 · 2023
Forest area i % of land area 1.3%194th/214 · 2024 30.2%112th/214 · 2024
Energy use per person i kg oil eq. 3,61923rd/149 · 2024 1,59170th/149 · 2024
Institutions & safety
Government effectiveness i score 0–100 54.5101st/205 · 2025 59.973rd/205 · 2025
Control of corruption i score 0–100 42.8109th/207 · 2025 48.093rd/207 · 2025
Rule of law i score 0–100 51.9126th/207 · 2025 63.580th/207 · 2025
Political stability i score 0–100 62.0132nd/207 · 2025 69.298th/207 · 2025
Regulatory quality i score 0–100 55.991st/205 · 2025 60.174th/205 · 2025
Voice & accountability i score 0–100 40.1150th/205 · 2025 65.874th/205 · 2025
Homicide rate i per 100,000 2.679th/145 · 2022 1.146th/145 · 2023
Military
Military expenditure i USD $1.31 bn78th/156 · 2025 $9.73 bn33rd/156 · 2025
Military expenditure i % of GDP 0.4%148th/156 · 2025 2.3%49th/156 · 2025
Military expenditure i % of government spending 2.1%141st/154 · 2025 5.6%70th/154 · 2025
Armed forces personnel i people 71,00059th/170 · 2020 128,00048th/170 · 2020
Armed forces personnel i % of labour force 0.74%92nd/168 · 2020 1.52%41st/168 · 2020
Arms imports (SIPRI TIV) i TIV 18.0 m95th/163 · 2025 421.0 m26th/163 · 2025
Arms exports (SIPRI TIV) i TIV 6.0 m2006 132.0 m20th/65 · 2025
Science & innovation
R&D spending i % of GDP 0.16%90th/110 · 2024 0.52%61st/110 · 2023
Patent applications by residents i applications 84135th/137 · 2024 74737th/137 · 2024
Scientific articles i articles 3,81964th/197 · 2023 10,71341st/197 · 2023

Questions and answers

Which has more people, Kazakhstan or Romania?

Kazakhstan has the larger population: 20.8 m (2025) compared with 19.0 m for Romania (2025). Source: World Bank, SP.POP.TOTL.

Which is bigger by area, Kazakhstan or Romania?

Kazakhstan is larger: 2,724,902 km² (2024) compared with 238,397 km² for Romania (2024). Source: World Bank, AG.SRF.TOTL.K2.

Which economy is larger, Kazakhstan or Romania?

Romania has the larger economy at purchasing power parity: $968.04 bn intl. (2025) compared with $923.24 bn intl. for Kazakhstan (2025). Source: World Bank, NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD.

Which is richer per person, Kazakhstan or Romania?

Romania has the higher GDP per person (PPP): $50,895 intl. (2025) compared with $44,293 intl. for Kazakhstan (2025). Source: World Bank, NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD.

Where do people live longer, in Kazakhstan or Romania?

Romania has the higher life expectancy at birth: 76.5 years (2024) compared with 74.5 years for Kazakhstan (2024). Source: World Bank, SP.DYN.LE00.IN.

Which spends more on the military, Kazakhstan or Romania?

Romania spends more on the military: $9.73 bn (2025) compared with $1.31 bn for Kazakhstan (2025). Source: World Bank, MS.MIL.XPND.CD.

Which ranks higher in the NationsTree Index, Kazakhstan or Romania?

Kazakhstan: 62.1 points (52nd in the world); Romania: 58.3 points (60th). The index combines foundations, economic strength, quality of life, problems and 5-year direction from public statistics.

More comparisons

Kazakhstan compared with

Romania compared with

Sources

World Bank World Development Indicators and Worldwide Governance Indicators, compiling UN agencies, the IMF, WHO, SIPRI and national statistical offices; every row links to its world ranking with the source series. See Sources & licences and Methodology.

Cite as: NationsTree (2026). Kazakhstan vs Romania — country comparison. https://nationstree.org/compare/kazakhstan-vs-romania. Data as of 26 October 2026.

Cite as: NationsTree (2026). Kazakhstan vs Romania — country comparison. https://nationstree.org/compare/kazakhstan-vs-romania. Data as of 26 October 2026.
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