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Kazakhstan vs Netherlands
Side-by-side comparison of Kazakhstan and Netherlands from official statistics: size, economy, people, trade, natural resources, health, infrastructure and military, with world ranks, years and sources.
Kazakhstan
Europe & Central Asia · nation age 561 years
Netherlands
Europe & Central Asia · nation age 445 years
In short
Netherlands scores 76.7 in the NationsTree Index (12th in the world) and Kazakhstan scores 62.1 (52nd), a gap of 14.7 points. Their trees are 19 m and 26 m tall; tree height grows with real GDP and is adjusted by the index.
Kazakhstan has 15% more people than Netherlands. Kazakhstan is 66 times larger than Netherlands by land area. The economy of Netherlands is 71% larger than that of Kazakhstan (GDP at purchasing power parity). Population: Kazakhstan 20.8 million and Netherlands 18.1 million (2025).
GDP per person at purchasing power parity is $87,320 in Netherlands and $44,293 in Kazakhstan (2025, international dollars). People in Netherlands live on average 7.4 years longer (82.0 vs 74.5 years).
Of 36 indicators reported by both countries, Kazakhstan ranks higher in the world on 8 and Netherlands on 28. Kazakhstan is clearly stronger in natural resources and main industries. Netherlands is clearly stronger in institutions & safety, science & innovation and military.
As a nation, Kazakhstan is the older of the two (statehood since 1465, 561 years), compared with Netherlands (since 1581). Over the last five years Kazakhstan improved faster (direction score 62 vs 12 out of 100).
Where they differ most
The indicators with the biggest gap in world position between Kazakhstan and Netherlands.
Kazakhstan
40.1
150th of 205
Netherlandsbetter
86.8
8th of 205
R&D spendingScience & innovation
Kazakhstan
0.16%
90th of 110
Netherlandsbetter
2.27%
16th of 110
GDP growthEconomy
Kazakhstanbetter
6.5%
25th of 210
Netherlands
1.8%
154th of 210
Rule of lawInstitutions & safety
Kazakhstan
51.9
126th of 207
Netherlandsbetter
86.2
8th of 207
Trade & transport infrastructure quality (LPI)Infrastructure & digital
Kazakhstan
2.50
85th of 164
Netherlandsbetter
4.20
5th of 164
Over time
How the two countries moved against each other, from the yearly data.
Kazakhstan overtook Netherlands in population in 2009 and has stayed ahead since.
Netherlands has been ahead of Kazakhstan in the NationsTree Index in every year since 1995.
Netherlands has been ahead of Kazakhstan in GDP per person (PPP), GDP (PPP) and life expectancy in every year since 1990.
Strength by category
Average world percentile of the indicators in each category (0–100, direction taken into account). i
KazakhstanNetherlands All indicators
Latest available value for each country with its year and world rank. Green: the better world position of the two, red: the weaker one.
| Indicator | Kazakhstan | Netherlands |
|---|---|---|
| Land & people | ||
| Surface area km² | 2,724,9029th/216 · 2024 | 41,540132nd/216 · 2024 |
| Land area km² | 2,699,7009th/216 · 2024 | 33,670134th/216 · 2024 |
| Population people | 20.8 m64th/217 · 2025 | 18.1 m71st/217 · 2025 |
| Population growth % | 1.21%87th/217 · 2025 | 0.52%135th/217 · 2025 |
| Population density people/km² | 7.6205th/216 · 2024 | 534.422nd/216 · 2024 |
| Urban population % | 62.4%119th/217 · 2025 | 95.9%15th/217 · 2025 |
| Population aged 0–14 % | 29.1%75th/217 · 2025 | 14.9%181st/217 · 2025 |
| Population aged 65+ % | 9.0%107th/217 · 2025 | 20.9%30th/217 · 2025 |
| Economy | ||
| GDP USD | $306.24 bn49th/210 · 2025 | $1.33 trn18th/210 · 2025 |
| GDP (PPP) intl. USD | $923.24 bn36th/199 · 2025 | $1.58 trn27th/199 · 2025 |
| Real GDP (PPP, constant 2021 prices) intl. USD 2021 | $788.95 bn34th/199 · 2025 | $1.29 trn27th/199 · 2025 |
| GDP per person USD | $14,69289th/210 · 2025 | $73,68417th/210 · 2025 |
| GDP per person (PPP) intl. USD | $44,29361st/199 · 2025 | $87,32013th/199 · 2025 |
| GNI per person (Atlas) USD | $13,74081st/201 · 2025 | $68,53015th/201 · 2025 |
| GDP growth % | 6.5%25th/210 · 2025 | 1.8%154th/210 · 2025 |
| Inflation % | 11.4%161st/180 · 2025 | 3.2%91st/180 · 2025 |
| Unemployment % | 4.8%81st/187 · 2025 | 3.9%67th/187 · 2025 |
| Central government debt % of GDP | 20.9%6th/55 · 2023 | 54.2%1994 |
| General government gross debt % of GDP | 24.3%23rd/189 · 2025 | 44.7%73rd/189 · 2025 |
| Government budget balance % of GDP | -3.1%110th/192 · 2025 | -1.6%66th/192 · 2025 |
| Main industries | ||
| Agriculture, forestry, fishing % of GDP | 3.7%117th/197 · 2025 | 1.7%150th/197 · 2025 |
| Industry incl. construction % of GDP | 32.3%44th/200 · 2025 | 17.7%143rd/200 · 2025 |
| Manufacturing % of GDP | 12.7%68th/192 · 2025 | 10.1%98th/192 · 2025 |
| Services % of GDP | 57.7%99th/200 · 2025 | 70.4%33rd/200 · 2025 |
| Trade | ||
| Exports of goods & services USD | $92.07 bn51st/182 · 2024 | $1.08 trn6th/182 · 2025 |
| Imports of goods & services USD | $74.54 bn54th/182 · 2024 | $925.62 bn8th/182 · 2025 |
| Exports % of GDP | 31.6%106th/183 · 2024 | 80.7%16th/183 · 2025 |
| Imports % of GDP | 25.6%149th/183 · 2024 | 69.5%35th/183 · 2025 |
| Trade openness % of GDP | 57.2%133rd/183 · 2024 | 150.1%22nd/183 · 2025 |
| Fuel exports % of merchandise exports | 54.5%20th/170 · 2025 | 10.8%47th/170 · 2025 |
| Manufactures exports % of merchandise exports | 19.7%106th/171 · 2025 | 63.6%50th/171 · 2025 |
| Food exports % of merchandise exports | 8.9%119th/171 · 2025 | 17.4%83rd/171 · 2025 |
| Ores & metals exports % of merchandise exports | 15.8%31st/171 · 2025 | 2.4%100th/171 · 2025 |
| High-tech exports % of manufactured exports | 42.2%11th/168 · 2024 | 23.5%25th/168 · 2024 |
| Current account balance % of GDP | -4.1%132nd/191 · 2025 | 7.6%25th/191 · 2025 |
| Foreign direct investment, inflows % of GDP | -0.3%182nd/196 · 2025 | 0.3%166th/196 · 2025 |
| Natural resources | ||
| Natural resource rents % of GDP | 26.8%16th/209 · 2021 | 0.3%140th/209 · 2021 |
| Oil rents % of GDP | 14.84%16th/197 · 2021 | 0.02%95th/197 · 2021 |
| Natural gas rents % of GDP | 2.04%22nd/197 · 2021 | 0.31%46th/197 · 2021 |
| Coal rents % of GDP | 0.85%7th/195 · 2021 | 0.00%68th/195 · 2021 |
| Mineral rents % of GDP | 9.10%14th/209 · 2021 | 0.00%91st/209 · 2021 |
| Forest rents % of GDP | 0.01%158th/209 · 2021 | 0.00%160th/209 · 2021 |
| Arable land % of land area | 11.3%92nd/206 · 2024 | 29.8%29th/206 · 2024 |
| Renewable freshwater per person m³ | 3,21279th/183 · 2022 | 621149th/183 · 2022 |
| Tourism | ||
| International tourist arrivals arrivals | 2.0 m64th/194 · 2020 | 7.3 m29th/194 · 2020 |
| Tourism receipts USD | $589.0 m90th/175 · 2020 | $10.93 bn18th/175 · 2020 |
| Tourism receipts % of exports | 1.2%149th/168 · 2020 | 1.4%141st/168 · 2020 |
| Outbound trips departures | 2.9 m41st/107 · 2020 | 22.0 m9th/107 · 2019 |
| Society & health | ||
| Life expectancy years | 74.5113th/217 · 2024 | 82.037th/217 · 2024 |
| Under-5 mortality per 1,000 births | 9.469th/196 · 2024 | 3.930th/196 · 2024 |
| Physicians per 1,000 people | 3.7537th/174 · 2023 | 3.8834th/174 · 2022 |
| Hospital beds per 1,000 people | 6.511th/145 · 2020 | 2.475th/145 · 2022 |
| DPT immunization % of children 12–23 months | 98%20th/193 · 2024 | 91%93rd/193 · 2024 |
| Completed lower secondary, 25+ % of adults | 95.7%27th/153 · 2024 | 90.3%48th/153 · 2023 |
| Secondary enrolment % gross | 97.6%70th/173 · 2025 | 137.5%4th/173 · 2023 |
| Social protection coverage (incl. pensions) % of population | 57.3%23rd/55 · 2021 | — |
| Old-age dependency ratio % of working-age population | 14.6%101st/217 · 2025 | 32.5%31st/217 · 2025 |
| Health spending % of GDP | 3.8%160th/193 · 2023 | 10.0%29th/193 · 2024 |
| Adult literacy % | 99.7%2009 | — |
| Tertiary enrolment % gross | 52.9%75th/150 · 2025 | 86.6%17th/150 · 2023 |
| Human Development Index index 0–1 | 0.83760th/193 · 2023 | 0.9558th/193 · 2023 |
| Income inequality (Gini) index | 29.219th/108 · 2021 | 25.75th/108 · 2021 |
| Extreme poverty % of population | 0.0%1st/108 · 2021 | 0.1%10th/108 · 2021 |
| Infrastructure & digital | ||
| Access to electricity % of population | 100.0%1st/215 · 2024 | 100.0%1st/215 · 2024 |
| Safely managed drinking water % of population | 91.5%57th/150 · 2024 | 100.0%12th/150 · 2024 |
| Safely managed sanitation % of population | — | 97.5%15th/144 · 2024 |
| Internet users % of population | 93.4%39th/186 · 2024 | 97.0%17th/186 · 2024 |
| Mobile subscriptions per 100 people | 12765th/210 · 2024 | 12963rd/210 · 2024 |
| Fixed broadband per 100 people | 15.3100th/208 · 2024 | 43.020th/208 · 2024 |
| Trade & transport infrastructure quality (LPI) score 1–5 | 2.5085th/164 · 2022 | 4.205th/164 · 2022 |
| Rail lines route-km | 16,00614th/82 · 2021 | 3,04141st/82 · 2021 |
| Air passengers carried passengers | 11.9 m45th/161 · 2023 | 41.4 m28th/161 · 2023 |
| Environment & energy | ||
| CO₂ emissions per person t CO₂e | 12.57188th/203 · 2024 | 6.60167th/203 · 2024 |
| Renewable energy % of final energy use | 2.0%179th/212 · 2021 | 12.2%131st/212 · 2021 |
| Air pollution (PM2.5) µg/m³ | 19.6113th/200 · 2023 | 8.636th/200 · 2023 |
| Forest area % of land area | 1.3%194th/214 · 2024 | 11.0%166th/214 · 2024 |
| Energy use per person kg oil eq. | 3,61923rd/149 · 2024 | 3,41926th/149 · 2024 |
| Institutions & safety | ||
| Government effectiveness score 0–100 | 54.5101st/205 · 2025 | 88.012th/205 · 2025 |
| Control of corruption score 0–100 | 42.8109th/207 · 2025 | 85.99th/207 · 2025 |
| Rule of law score 0–100 | 51.9126th/207 · 2025 | 86.28th/207 · 2025 |
| Political stability score 0–100 | 62.0132nd/207 · 2025 | 75.078th/207 · 2025 |
| Regulatory quality score 0–100 | 55.991st/205 · 2025 | 80.216th/205 · 2025 |
| Voice & accountability score 0–100 | 40.1150th/205 · 2025 | 86.88th/205 · 2025 |
| Homicide rate per 100,000 | 2.679th/145 · 2022 | 0.722nd/145 · 2023 |
| Military | ||
| Military expenditure USD | $1.31 bn78th/156 · 2025 | $28.94 bn19th/156 · 2025 |
| Military expenditure % of GDP | 0.4%148th/156 · 2025 | 2.2%52nd/156 · 2025 |
| Military expenditure % of government spending | 2.1%141st/154 · 2025 | 4.8%83rd/154 · 2025 |
| Armed forces personnel people | 71,00059th/170 · 2020 | 41,00079th/170 · 2020 |
| Armed forces personnel % of labour force | 0.74%92nd/168 · 2020 | 0.42%124th/168 · 2020 |
| Arms imports (SIPRI TIV) TIV | 18.0 m95th/163 · 2025 | 824.0 m12th/163 · 2025 |
| Arms exports (SIPRI TIV) TIV | 6.0 m2006 | 601.0 m10th/65 · 2025 |
| Science & innovation | ||
| R&D spending % of GDP | 0.16%90th/110 · 2024 | 2.27%16th/110 · 2023 |
| Patent applications by residents applications | 84135th/137 · 2024 | 1,78122nd/137 · 2024 |
| Scientific articles articles | 3,81964th/197 · 2023 | 32,20718th/197 · 2023 |
Questions and answers
Which has more people, Kazakhstan or Netherlands?
Kazakhstan has the larger population: 20.8 m (2025) compared with 18.1 m for Netherlands (2025). Source: World Bank, SP.POP.TOTL.
Which is bigger by area, Kazakhstan or Netherlands?
Kazakhstan is larger: 2,724,902 km² (2024) compared with 41,540 km² for Netherlands (2024). Source: World Bank, AG.SRF.TOTL.K2.
Which economy is larger, Kazakhstan or Netherlands?
Netherlands has the larger economy at purchasing power parity: $1.58 trn intl. (2025) compared with $923.24 bn intl. for Kazakhstan (2025). Source: World Bank, NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD.
Which is richer per person, Kazakhstan or Netherlands?
Netherlands has the higher GDP per person (PPP): $87,320 intl. (2025) compared with $44,293 intl. for Kazakhstan (2025). Source: World Bank, NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD.
Where do people live longer, in Kazakhstan or Netherlands?
Netherlands has the higher life expectancy at birth: 82.0 years (2024) compared with 74.5 years for Kazakhstan (2024). Source: World Bank, SP.DYN.LE00.IN.
Which spends more on the military, Kazakhstan or Netherlands?
Netherlands spends more on the military: $28.94 bn (2025) compared with $1.31 bn for Kazakhstan (2025). Source: World Bank, MS.MIL.XPND.CD.
Which ranks higher in the NationsTree Index, Kazakhstan or Netherlands?
Netherlands: 76.7 points (12th in the world); Kazakhstan: 62.1 points (52nd). The index combines foundations, economic strength, quality of life, problems and 5-year direction from public statistics.
Belgium
Ireland
Romania
SwitzerlandSources
World Bank World Development Indicators and Worldwide Governance Indicators, compiling UN agencies, the IMF, WHO, SIPRI and national statistical offices; every row links to its world ranking with the source series. See Sources & licences and Methodology.
Cite as: NationsTree (2026). Kazakhstan vs Netherlands — country comparison. https://nationstree.org/compare/kazakhstan-vs-netherlands. Data as of 26 October 2026.