Armenia vs Estonia
Side-by-side comparison of Armenia and Estonia from official statistics: size, economy, people, trade, natural resources, health, infrastructure and military, with world ranks, years and sources.
Armenia
Europe & Central Asia · nation age 2,356 years
Estonia
Europe & Central Asia · nation age 108 years
In short
Estonia scores 65.1 in the NationsTree Index (45th in the world) and Armenia scores 51.0 (83rd), a gap of 14.1 points. Their trees are 5.2 m and 5.2 m tall; tree height grows with real GDP and is adjusted by the index.
Armenia has 2.3 times the population of Estonia. Estonia has 52% more land area than Armenia. Armenia and Estonia have economies of similar size (GDP at purchasing power parity). Population: Armenia 3.1 million and Estonia 1.4 million (2025).
GDP per person at purchasing power parity is $52,106 in Estonia and $24,754 in Armenia (2025, international dollars). People in Estonia live on average 1.0 years longer (79.3 vs 78.3 years).
Of 37 indicators reported by both countries, Armenia ranks higher in the world on 8 and Estonia on 29. Armenia is clearly stronger in military, land & people and main industries. Estonia is clearly stronger in institutions & safety, environment & energy and science & innovation.
As a nation, Armenia is the older of the two (statehood since 331 BC, 2,356 years), compared with Estonia (since 1918). Over the last five years Armenia improved faster (direction score 65 vs 29 out of 100).
Where they differ most
The indicators with the biggest gap in world position between Armenia and Estonia.
Over time
How the two countries moved against each other, from the yearly data.
Armenia overtook Estonia in GDP (PPP) in 2024 and has stayed ahead since.
Estonia overtook Armenia in life expectancy in 2008 and has stayed ahead since.
Estonia has been ahead of Armenia in the NationsTree Index in every year since 1996.
Estonia has been ahead of Armenia in GDP per person (PPP) in every year since 1990.
Armenia has been ahead of Estonia in population in every year since 1990.
Strength by category
Average world percentile of the indicators in each category (0–100, direction taken into account). i
All indicators
Latest available value for each country with its year and world rank. Green: the better world position of the two, red: the weaker one.
| Indicator | ||
|---|---|---|
| Land & people | ||
| Surface area km² | 29,740139th/216 · 2024 | 45,340130th/216 · 2024 |
| Land area km² | 28,199138th/216 · 2024 | 42,730130th/216 · 2024 |
| Population people | 3.1 m137th/217 · 2025 | 1.4 m157th/217 · 2025 |
| Population growth % | 1.74%61st/217 · 2025 | -0.43%196th/217 · 2025 |
| Population density people/km² | 107.699th/216 · 2024 | 32.1169th/216 · 2024 |
| Urban population % | 65.9%103rd/217 · 2025 | 70.7%86th/217 · 2025 |
| Population aged 0–14 % | 19.0%131st/217 · 2025 | 15.3%175th/217 · 2025 |
| Population aged 65+ % | 14.4%71st/217 · 2025 | 21.8%21st/217 · 2025 |
| Economy | ||
| GDP USD | $29.24 bn115th/210 · 2025 | $47.03 bn102nd/210 · 2025 |
| GDP (PPP) intl. USD | $76.41 bn113th/199 · 2025 | $71.20 bn118th/199 · 2025 |
| Real GDP (PPP, constant 2021 prices) intl. USD 2021 | $65.29 bn113th/199 · 2025 | $56.85 bn120th/199 · 2025 |
| GDP per person USD | $9,474107th/210 · 2025 | $34,41851st/210 · 2025 |
| GDP per person (PPP) intl. USD | $24,75492nd/199 · 2025 | $52,10649th/199 · 2025 |
| GNI per person (Atlas) USD | $9,02098th/201 · 2025 | $32,31046th/201 · 2025 |
| GDP growth % | 7.2%18th/210 · 2025 | 0.6%185th/210 · 2025 |
| Inflation % | 3.3%95th/180 · 2025 | 4.8%137th/180 · 2025 |
| Unemployment % | 12.9%166th/187 · 2025 | 8.3%135th/187 · 2025 |
| Central government debt % of GDP | 47.9%22nd/55 · 2024 | — |
| General government gross debt % of GDP | 46.9%78th/189 · 2025 | 24.0%22nd/189 · 2025 |
| Government budget balance % of GDP | -3.7%123rd/192 · 2025 | -2.0%77th/192 · 2025 |
| Main industries | ||
| Agriculture, forestry, fishing % of GDP | 7.9%85th/197 · 2025 | 1.6%152nd/197 · 2025 |
| Industry incl. construction % of GDP | 23.1%104th/200 · 2025 | 19.7%128th/200 · 2025 |
| Manufacturing % of GDP | 11.0%88th/192 · 2025 | 10.8%90th/192 · 2025 |
| Services % of GDP | 61.3%76th/200 · 2025 | 65.8%51st/200 · 2025 |
| Trade | ||
| Exports of goods & services USD | $14.07 bn99th/182 · 2025 | $36.85 bn76th/182 · 2025 |
| Imports of goods & services USD | $15.68 bn102nd/182 · 2025 | $36.40 bn73rd/182 · 2025 |
| Exports % of GDP | 48.1%54th/183 · 2025 | 78.4%19th/183 · 2025 |
| Imports % of GDP | 53.6%69th/183 · 2025 | 77.4%25th/183 · 2025 |
| Trade openness % of GDP | 101.7%60th/183 · 2025 | 155.8%18th/183 · 2025 |
| Fuel exports % of merchandise exports | 1.0%116th/170 · 2025 | 7.6%61st/170 · 2025 |
| Manufactures exports % of merchandise exports | 44.6%72nd/171 · 2025 | 65.1%47th/171 · 2025 |
| Food exports % of merchandise exports | 18.4%80th/171 · 2025 | 12.5%103rd/171 · 2025 |
| Ores & metals exports % of merchandise exports | 18.3%28th/171 · 2025 | 1.8%110th/171 · 2025 |
| High-tech exports % of manufactured exports | 23.6%24th/168 · 2024 | 18.4%37th/168 · 2024 |
| Current account balance % of GDP | -8.7%168th/191 · 2025 | 0.3%73rd/191 · 2025 |
| Foreign direct investment, inflows % of GDP | 2.4%87th/196 · 2025 | -2.2%189th/196 · 2025 |
| Natural resources | ||
| Natural resource rents % of GDP | 7.1%59th/209 · 2021 | 1.7%102nd/209 · 2021 |
| Oil rents % of GDP | 0.00%120th/197 · 2021 | 0.96%45th/197 · 2021 |
| Natural gas rents % of GDP | 0.00%100th/197 · 2021 | 0.00%100th/197 · 2021 |
| Coal rents % of GDP | 0.00%67th/195 · 2021 | 0.00%68th/195 · 2021 |
| Mineral rents % of GDP | 6.79%17th/209 · 2021 | 0.00%91st/209 · 2021 |
| Forest rents % of GDP | 0.27%87th/209 · 2021 | 0.76%61st/209 · 2021 |
| Arable land % of land area | 15.7%73rd/206 · 2024 | 16.5%66th/206 · 2024 |
| Renewable freshwater per person m³ | 2,31097th/183 · 2022 | 9,42348th/183 · 2022 |
| Tourism | ||
| International tourist arrivals arrivals | 375,000134th/194 · 2020 | 1.7 m76th/194 · 2020 |
| Tourism receipts USD | $303.0 m107th/175 · 2020 | $865.0 m79th/175 · 2020 |
| Tourism receipts % of exports | 8.0%68th/168 · 2020 | 4.0%92nd/168 · 2020 |
| Outbound trips departures | 346,00084th/107 · 2020 | 558,00075th/107 · 2020 |
| Society & health | ||
| Life expectancy years | 78.364th/217 · 2024 | 79.356th/217 · 2024 |
| Under-5 mortality per 1,000 births | 9.672nd/196 · 2024 | 2.02nd/196 · 2024 |
| Physicians per 1,000 people | 3.3651st/174 · 2022 | 3.4746th/174 · 2022 |
| Hospital beds per 1,000 people | 4.232nd/145 · 2023 | 4.133rd/145 · 2023 |
| DPT immunization % of children 12–23 months | 94%66th/193 · 2024 | 81%142nd/193 · 2024 |
| Completed lower secondary, 25+ % of adults | 99.1%8th/153 · 2023 | 98.7%11th/153 · 2023 |
| Secondary enrolment % gross | 90.9%98th/173 · 2024 | 108.5%28th/173 · 2024 |
| Social protection coverage (incl. pensions) % of population | 75.3%14th/55 · 2022 | — |
| Old-age dependency ratio % of working-age population | 21.7%66th/217 · 2025 | 34.6%21st/217 · 2025 |
| Health spending % of GDP | 9.3%39th/193 · 2023 | 7.8%65th/193 · 2024 |
| Adult literacy % | 99.8%7th/98 · 2023 | 99.9%2011 |
| Tertiary enrolment % gross | 52.8%76th/150 · 2024 | 65.7%55th/150 · 2024 |
| Human Development Index index 0–1 | 0.81169th/193 · 2023 | 0.90536th/193 · 2023 |
| Income inequality (Gini) index | 27.412th/108 · 2024 | 30.728th/108 · 2023 |
| Extreme poverty % of population | 0.8%43rd/108 · 2024 | 0.3%23rd/108 · 2023 |
| Infrastructure & digital | ||
| Access to electricity % of population | 100.0%1st/215 · 2024 | 100.0%1st/215 · 2024 |
| Safely managed drinking water % of population | 82.1%71st/150 · 2024 | 98.9%30th/150 · 2024 |
| Safely managed sanitation % of population | 10.7%140th/144 · 2024 | 90.6%35th/144 · 2024 |
| Internet users % of population | 81.3%100th/186 · 2024 | 92.2%43rd/186 · 2024 |
| Mobile subscriptions per 100 people | 13549th/210 · 2024 | 15131st/210 · 2024 |
| Fixed broadband per 100 people | 20.388th/208 · 2024 | 35.443rd/208 · 2024 |
| Trade & transport infrastructure quality (LPI) score 1–5 | 2.6080th/164 · 2022 | 3.5038th/164 · 2022 |
| Rail lines route-km | 69871st/82 · 2021 | 1,03365th/82 · 2017 |
| Air passengers carried passengers | 1.3 m93rd/161 · 2023 | 857160th/161 · 2019 |
| Environment & energy | ||
| CO₂ emissions per person t CO₂e | 2.4797th/203 · 2024 | 7.76175th/203 · 2024 |
| Renewable energy % of final energy use | 9.1%150th/212 · 2021 | 38.0%64th/212 · 2021 |
| Air pollution (PM2.5) µg/m³ | 28.6149th/200 · 2023 | 5.919th/200 · 2023 |
| Forest area % of land area | 11.8%161st/214 · 2024 | 57.2%40th/214 · 2024 |
| Energy use per person kg oil eq. | 1,31283rd/149 · 2024 | 3,09833rd/149 · 2024 |
| Institutions & safety | ||
| Government effectiveness score 0–100 | 47.5128th/205 · 2025 | 83.020th/205 · 2025 |
| Control of corruption score 0–100 | 50.387th/207 · 2025 | 81.114th/207 · 2025 |
| Rule of law score 0–100 | 54.3115th/207 · 2025 | 82.322nd/207 · 2025 |
| Political stability score 0–100 | 58.0146th/207 · 2025 | 81.250th/207 · 2025 |
| Regulatory quality score 0–100 | 59.278th/205 · 2025 | 79.118th/205 · 2025 |
| Voice & accountability score 0–100 | 59.995th/205 · 2025 | 82.417th/205 · 2025 |
| Homicide rate per 100,000 | 2.271st/145 · 2023 | 1.560th/145 · 2023 |
| Military | ||
| Military expenditure USD | $1.73 bn69th/156 · 2025 | $1.58 bn70th/156 · 2025 |
| Military expenditure % of GDP | 6.1%9th/156 · 2025 | 3.4%20th/156 · 2025 |
| Military expenditure % of government spending | 19.9%8th/154 · 2025 | 7.5%44th/154 · 2025 |
| Armed forces personnel people | 47,00071st/170 · 2020 | 7,000142nd/170 · 2020 |
| Armed forces personnel % of labour force | 3.25%14th/168 · 2020 | 1.00%69th/168 · 2020 |
| Arms imports (SIPRI TIV) TIV | 21.0 m88th/163 · 2025 | 204.0 m38th/163 · 2025 |
| Arms exports (SIPRI TIV) TIV | 4.0 m2006 | 2.0 m56th/65 · 2024 |
| Science & innovation | ||
| R&D spending % of GDP | 0.29%74th/110 · 2024 | 1.84%21st/110 · 2023 |
| Patent applications by residents applications | 1397th/137 · 2024 | 2787th/137 · 2024 |
| Scientific articles articles | 80189th/197 · 2023 | 1,75474th/197 · 2023 |
Questions and answers
Which has more people, Armenia or Estonia?
Armenia has the larger population: 3.1 m (2025) compared with 1.4 m for Estonia (2025). Source: World Bank, SP.POP.TOTL.
Which is bigger by area, Armenia or Estonia?
Estonia is larger: 45,340 km² (2024) compared with 29,740 km² for Armenia (2024). Source: World Bank, AG.SRF.TOTL.K2.
Which economy is larger, Armenia or Estonia?
Armenia has the larger economy at purchasing power parity: $76.41 bn intl. (2025) compared with $71.20 bn intl. for Estonia (2025). Source: World Bank, NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD.
Which is richer per person, Armenia or Estonia?
Estonia has the higher GDP per person (PPP): $52,106 intl. (2025) compared with $24,754 intl. for Armenia (2025). Source: World Bank, NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD.
Where do people live longer, in Armenia or Estonia?
Estonia has the higher life expectancy at birth: 79.3 years (2024) compared with 78.3 years for Armenia (2024). Source: World Bank, SP.DYN.LE00.IN.
Which spends more on the military, Armenia or Estonia?
Armenia spends more on the military: $1.73 bn (2025) compared with $1.58 bn for Estonia (2025). Source: World Bank, MS.MIL.XPND.CD.
Which ranks higher in the NationsTree Index, Armenia or Estonia?
Estonia: 65.1 points (45th in the world); Armenia: 51.0 points (83rd). The index combines foundations, economic strength, quality of life, problems and 5-year direction from public statistics.
Sources
World Bank World Development Indicators and Worldwide Governance Indicators, compiling UN agencies, the IMF, WHO, SIPRI and national statistical offices; every row links to its world ranking with the source series. See Sources & licences and Methodology.
Cite as: NationsTree (2026). Armenia vs Estonia — country comparison. https://nationstree.org/compare/armenia-vs-estonia. Data as of 26 October 2026.