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Argentina vs Peru
Side-by-side comparison of Argentina and Peru from official statistics: size, economy, people, trade, natural resources, health, infrastructure and military, with world ranks, years and sources.
Argentina
Latin America & Caribbean · nation age 210 years
Peru
Latin America & Caribbean · nation age 205 years
In short
Argentina scores 54.6 in the NationsTree Index (72nd in the world) and Peru scores 47.7 (96th), a gap of 6.9 points. Their trees are 23 m and 15 m tall; tree height grows with real GDP and is adjusted by the index.
Argentina has 33% more people than Peru. Argentina is 2.2 times larger than Peru by land area. Argentina has an economy 2.3 times the size of Peru (GDP at purchasing power parity). Population: Argentina 45.9 million and Peru 34.6 million (2025).
GDP per person at purchasing power parity is $32,587 in Argentina and $18,816 in Peru (2025, international dollars). Life expectancy is almost the same: 77.5 and 77.9 years.
Of 36 indicators reported by both countries, Argentina ranks higher in the world on 23 and Peru on 13. Argentina is clearly stronger in tourism, infrastructure & digital and society & health. Peru is clearly stronger in trade and military.
As a nation, Argentina is the older of the two (statehood since 1816, 210 years), compared with Peru (since 1821). Over the last five years Peru improved faster (direction score 36 vs 19 out of 100).
Where they differ most
The indicators with the biggest gap in world position between Argentina and Peru.
Argentina
219.9%
180th of 180
Perubetter
1.5%
49th of 180
General government gross debtEconomy
Argentina
80.1%
146th of 189
Perubetter
30.1%
34th of 189
PhysiciansSociety & health
Argentinabetter
5.11
9th of 174
Peru
1.69
88th of 174
Air pollution (PM2.5)Environment & energy
Argentinabetter
14.3
79th of 200
Peru
31.1
154th of 200
Hospital bedsSociety & health
Argentinabetter
3.4
51st of 145
Peru
1.6
100th of 145
Over time
How the two countries moved against each other, from the yearly data.
Peru overtook Argentina in life expectancy in 2022 and has stayed ahead since.
Argentina has been ahead of Peru in the NationsTree Index in every year since 1995.
Argentina has been ahead of Peru in GDP per person (PPP), GDP (PPP) and population in every year since 1990.
Strength by category
Average world percentile of the indicators in each category (0–100, direction taken into account). i
ArgentinaPeru All indicators
Latest available value for each country with its year and world rank. Green: the better world position of the two, red: the weaker one.
| Indicator | Argentina | Peru |
|---|---|---|
| Land & people | ||
| Surface area km² | 2,780,4008th/216 · 2024 | 1,285,21619th/216 · 2024 |
| Land area km² | 2,736,6908th/216 · 2024 | 1,280,00019th/216 · 2024 |
| Population people | 45.9 m35th/217 · 2025 | 34.6 m48th/217 · 2025 |
| Population growth % | 0.34%152nd/217 · 2025 | 1.04%99th/217 · 2025 |
| Population density people/km² | 16.7195th/216 · 2024 | 26.7178th/216 · 2024 |
| Urban population % | 92.4%25th/217 · 2025 | 85.6%46th/217 · 2025 |
| Population aged 0–14 % | 21.0%117th/217 · 2025 | 23.6%106th/217 · 2025 |
| Population aged 65+ % | 12.6%80th/217 · 2025 | 9.5%105th/217 · 2025 |
| Economy | ||
| GDP USD | $683.10 bn24th/210 · 2025 | $334.85 bn47th/210 · 2025 |
| GDP (PPP) intl. USD | $1.49 trn28th/199 · 2025 | $650.60 bn47th/199 · 2025 |
| Real GDP (PPP, constant 2021 prices) intl. USD 2021 | $1.28 trn28th/199 · 2025 | $555.96 bn46th/199 · 2025 |
| GDP per person USD | $14,89886th/210 · 2025 | $9,684106th/210 · 2025 |
| GDP per person (PPP) intl. USD | $32,58779th/199 · 2025 | $18,816111th/199 · 2025 |
| GNI per person (Atlas) USD | $14,65077th/201 · 2025 | $8,430100th/201 · 2025 |
| GDP growth % | 4.4%69th/210 · 2025 | 3.4%101st/210 · 2025 |
| Inflation % | 219.9%180th/180 · 2024 | 1.5%49th/180 · 2025 |
| Unemployment % | 7.1%128th/187 · 2025 | 5.1%93rd/187 · 2025 |
| Central government debt % of GDP | — | 35.2%11th/55 · 2021 |
| General government gross debt % of GDP | 80.1%146th/189 · 2025 | 30.1%34th/189 · 2025 |
| Government budget balance % of GDP | -0.2%40th/192 · 2025 | -2.4%88th/192 · 2025 |
| Main industries | ||
| Agriculture, forestry, fishing % of GDP | 5.5%103rd/197 · 2025 | 7.5%88th/197 · 2024 |
| Industry incl. construction % of GDP | 22.9%106th/200 · 2025 | 34.3%37th/200 · 2024 |
| Manufacturing % of GDP | 13.6%55th/192 · 2025 | 12.2%77th/192 · 2024 |
| Services % of GDP | 56.2%114th/200 · 2025 | 50.9%141st/200 · 2024 |
| Trade | ||
| Exports of goods & services USD | $106.26 bn48th/182 · 2025 | $100.36 bn49th/182 · 2025 |
| Imports of goods & services USD | $101.16 bn50th/182 · 2025 | $73.15 bn56th/182 · 2025 |
| Exports % of GDP | 15.6%161st/183 · 2025 | 30.0%112th/183 · 2025 |
| Imports % of GDP | 14.8%177th/183 · 2025 | 21.8%162nd/183 · 2025 |
| Trade openness % of GDP | 30.4%176th/183 · 2025 | 51.8%139th/183 · 2025 |
| Fuel exports % of merchandise exports | 9.1%52nd/170 · 2025 | 5.7%70th/170 · 2024 |
| Manufactures exports % of merchandise exports | 12.6%125th/171 · 2025 | 7.4%140th/171 · 2024 |
| Food exports % of merchandise exports | 50.1%29th/171 · 2025 | 21.2%72nd/171 · 2024 |
| Ores & metals exports % of merchandise exports | 0.1%163rd/171 · 2025 | 47.8%7th/171 · 2024 |
| High-tech exports % of manufactured exports | 3.9%106th/168 · 2024 | 5.2%98th/168 · 2024 |
| Current account balance % of GDP | -1.1%93rd/191 · 2025 | 3.5%47th/191 · 2025 |
| Foreign direct investment, inflows % of GDP | 0.6%154th/196 · 2025 | 3.1%69th/196 · 2025 |
| Natural resources | ||
| Natural resource rents % of GDP | 2.7%89th/209 · 2021 | 12.7%40th/209 · 2021 |
| Oil rents % of GDP | 1.54%41st/197 · 2021 | 0.25%70th/197 · 2021 |
| Natural gas rents % of GDP | 0.39%41st/197 · 2021 | 0.26%50th/197 · 2021 |
| Coal rents % of GDP | 0.00%65th/195 · 2021 | 0.00%58th/195 · 2021 |
| Mineral rents % of GDP | 0.58%53rd/209 · 2021 | 12.10%9th/209 · 2021 |
| Forest rents % of GDP | 0.14%103rd/209 · 2021 | 0.12%110th/209 · 2021 |
| Arable land % of land area | 17.1%63rd/206 · 2024 | 3.1%156th/206 · 2024 |
| Renewable freshwater per person m³ | 6,43160th/183 · 2022 | 49,02111th/183 · 2022 |
| Tourism | ||
| International tourist arrivals arrivals | 7.4 m28th/194 · 2019 | 1.1 m92nd/194 · 2020 |
| Tourism receipts USD | $1.70 bn57th/175 · 2020 | $1.00 bn75th/175 · 2020 |
| Tourism receipts % of exports | 2.6%116th/168 · 2020 | 2.2%126th/168 · 2020 |
| Outbound trips departures | 15.4 m14th/107 · 2019 | 791,00066th/107 · 2020 |
| Society & health | ||
| Life expectancy years | 77.580th/217 · 2024 | 77.973rd/217 · 2024 |
| Under-5 mortality per 1,000 births | 9.570th/196 · 2024 | 12.989th/196 · 2024 |
| Physicians per 1,000 people | 5.119th/174 · 2023 | 1.6988th/174 · 2023 |
| Hospital beds per 1,000 people | 3.451st/145 · 2022 | 1.6100th/145 · 2023 |
| DPT immunization % of children 12–23 months | 75%157th/193 · 2024 | 80%145th/193 · 2024 |
| Completed lower secondary, 25+ % of adults | 56.4%2003 | 63.7%94th/153 · 2024 |
| Secondary enrolment % gross | 105.6%38th/173 · 2023 | 108.3%30th/173 · 2024 |
| Social protection coverage (incl. pensions) % of population | 56.6%24th/55 · 2022 | 83.4%9th/55 · 2022 |
| Old-age dependency ratio % of working-age population | 19.0%77th/217 · 2025 | 14.1%102nd/217 · 2025 |
| Health spending % of GDP | 10.3%26th/193 · 2023 | 5.6%114th/193 · 2023 |
| Adult literacy % | 99.1%14th/98 · 2020 | 93.7%44th/98 · 2024 |
| Tertiary enrolment % gross | 107.8%9th/150 · 2023 | 71.2%2017 |
| Human Development Index index 0–1 | 0.86547th/193 · 2023 | 0.79479th/193 · 2023 |
| Income inequality (Gini) index | 42.493rd/108 · 2024 | 40.188th/108 · 2024 |
| Extreme poverty % of population | 1.0%50th/108 · 2024 | 5.1%75th/108 · 2024 |
| Infrastructure & digital | ||
| Access to electricity % of population | 98.4%140th/215 · 2024 | 96.5%147th/215 · 2024 |
| Safely managed drinking water % of population | — | 49.4%107th/150 · 2024 |
| Safely managed sanitation % of population | 48.5%2016 | 56.5%78th/144 · 2024 |
| Internet users % of population | 89.7%59th/186 · 2024 | 82.0%96th/186 · 2024 |
| Mobile subscriptions per 100 people | 14040th/210 · 2024 | 12577th/210 · 2024 |
| Fixed broadband per 100 people | 26.172nd/208 · 2024 | 11.7114th/208 · 2024 |
| Trade & transport infrastructure quality (LPI) score 1–5 | 2.8063rd/164 · 2022 | 2.5085th/164 · 2022 |
| Rail lines route-km | 17,86611th/82 · 2019 | 1,6391998 |
| Air passengers carried passengers | 21.1 m33rd/161 · 2023 | 17.7 m39th/161 · 2023 |
| Environment & energy | ||
| CO₂ emissions per person t CO₂e | 4.01135th/203 · 2024 | 2.0290th/203 · 2024 |
| Renewable energy % of final energy use | 9.2%149th/212 · 2021 | 30.6%79th/212 · 2021 |
| Air pollution (PM2.5) µg/m³ | 14.379th/200 · 2023 | 31.1154th/200 · 2023 |
| Forest area % of land area | 17.1%141st/214 · 2024 | 52.7%51st/214 · 2024 |
| Energy use per person kg oil eq. | 1,73765th/149 · 2024 | 840100th/149 · 2024 |
| Institutions & safety | ||
| Government effectiveness score 0–100 | 58.079th/205 · 2025 | 49.4119th/205 · 2025 |
| Control of corruption score 0–100 | 40.3125th/207 · 2025 | 32.8152nd/207 · 2025 |
| Rule of law score 0–100 | 56.9102nd/207 · 2025 | 47.8146th/207 · 2025 |
| Political stability score 0–100 | 68.4103rd/207 · 2025 | 56.9154th/207 · 2025 |
| Regulatory quality score 0–100 | 53.9102nd/205 · 2025 | 57.584th/205 · 2025 |
| Voice & accountability score 0–100 | 65.973rd/205 · 2025 | 56.7105th/205 · 2025 |
| Homicide rate per 100,000 | 4.596th/145 · 2023 | 8.6113th/145 · 2021 |
| Military | ||
| Military expenditure USD | $3.88 bn52nd/156 · 2025 | $2.60 bn60th/156 · 2025 |
| Military expenditure % of GDP | 0.6%142nd/156 · 2025 | 0.8%128th/156 · 2025 |
| Military expenditure % of government spending | 1.8%144th/154 · 2025 | 3.7%120th/154 · 2025 |
| Armed forces personnel people | 103,00053rd/170 · 2020 | 158,00038th/170 · 2020 |
| Armed forces personnel % of labour force | 0.53%111th/168 · 2020 | 0.94%73rd/168 · 2020 |
| Arms imports (SIPRI TIV) TIV | 108.0 m47th/163 · 2025 | 90.0 m50th/163 · 2025 |
| Arms exports (SIPRI TIV) TIV | 1.0 m2011 | 5.0 m2004 |
| Science & innovation | ||
| R&D spending % of GDP | 0.60%59th/110 · 2023 | 0.18%88th/110 · 2023 |
| Patent applications by residents applications | 44548th/137 · 2024 | 21461st/137 · 2024 |
| Scientific articles articles | 8,58947th/197 · 2023 | 5,24259th/197 · 2023 |
Questions and answers
Which has more people, Argentina or Peru?
Argentina has the larger population: 45.9 m (2025) compared with 34.6 m for Peru (2025). Source: World Bank, SP.POP.TOTL.
Which is bigger by area, Argentina or Peru?
Argentina is larger: 2,780,400 km² (2024) compared with 1,285,216 km² for Peru (2024). Source: World Bank, AG.SRF.TOTL.K2.
Which economy is larger, Argentina or Peru?
Argentina has the larger economy at purchasing power parity: $1.49 trn intl. (2025) compared with $650.60 bn intl. for Peru (2025). Source: World Bank, NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD.
Which is richer per person, Argentina or Peru?
Argentina has the higher GDP per person (PPP): $32,587 intl. (2025) compared with $18,816 intl. for Peru (2025). Source: World Bank, NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD.
Where do people live longer, in Argentina or Peru?
Peru has the higher life expectancy at birth: 77.9 years (2024) compared with 77.5 years for Argentina (2024). Source: World Bank, SP.DYN.LE00.IN.
Which spends more on the military, Argentina or Peru?
Argentina spends more on the military: $3.88 bn (2025) compared with $2.60 bn for Peru (2025). Source: World Bank, MS.MIL.XPND.CD.
Which ranks higher in the NationsTree Index, Argentina or Peru?
Argentina: 54.6 points (72nd in the world); Peru: 47.7 points (96th). The index combines foundations, economic strength, quality of life, problems and 5-year direction from public statistics.
Australia
Canada
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Indonesia
Italy
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Dominican Republic
VenezuelaSources
World Bank World Development Indicators and Worldwide Governance Indicators, compiling UN agencies, the IMF, WHO, SIPRI and national statistical offices; every row links to its world ranking with the source series. See Sources & licences and Methodology.
Cite as: NationsTree (2026). Argentina vs Peru — country comparison. https://nationstree.org/compare/argentina-vs-peru. Data as of 26 October 2026.