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Spain vs Türkiye
Side-by-side comparison of Spain and Türkiye from official statistics: size, economy, people, trade, natural resources, health, infrastructure and military, with world ranks, years and sources.
Türkiye
Europe & Central Asia · nation age 727 years
In short
Spain scores 75.9 in the NationsTree Index (17th in the world) and Türkiye scores 64.7 (47th), a gap of 11.2 points. Their trees are 36 m and 39 m tall; tree height grows with real GDP and is adjusted by the index.
Türkiye has 74% more people than Spain. Türkiye has 55% more land area than Spain. The economy of Türkiye is 32% larger than that of Spain (GDP at purchasing power parity). Population: Spain 49.4 million and Türkiye 85.9 million (2025).
GDP per person at purchasing power parity is $59,868 in Spain and $45,288 in Türkiye (2025, international dollars). People in Spain live on average 6.5 years longer (83.9 vs 77.4 years).
Of 38 indicators reported by both countries, Spain ranks higher in the world on 29 and Türkiye on 9. Spain is clearly stronger in institutions & safety, society & health and environment & energy. Türkiye is clearly stronger in main industries and natural resources.
As a nation, Türkiye is the older of the two (statehood since 1299, 727 years), compared with Spain (since 1479). Over the last five years Türkiye improved faster (direction score 71 vs 63 out of 100).
Where they differ most
The indicators with the biggest gap in world position between Spain and Türkiye.
Spain
100.5%
169th of 189
Türkiyebetter
23.7%
21st of 189
Central government debtEconomy
Spain
105.6%
49th of 55
Türkiyebetter
25.5%
8th of 55
Voice & accountabilityInstitutions & safety
Spainbetter
78.2
28th of 205
Türkiye
37.3
159th of 205
Rule of lawInstitutions & safety
Spainbetter
73.0
44th of 207
Türkiye
45.2
153rd of 207
Income inequality (Gini)Society & health
Spainbetter
33.4
44th of 108
Türkiye
43.7
97th of 108
Over time
How the two countries moved against each other, from the yearly data.
Türkiye overtook Spain in GDP (PPP) in 2012 and has stayed ahead since.
Spain has been ahead of Türkiye in the NationsTree Index in every year since 1994.
Spain has been ahead of Türkiye in GDP per person (PPP) and life expectancy in every year since 1990.
Türkiye has been ahead of Spain in population in every year since 1990.
Strength by category
Average world percentile of the indicators in each category (0–100, direction taken into account). i
SpainTürkiye All indicators
Latest available value for each country with its year and world rank. Green: the better world position of the two, red: the weaker one.
| Indicator | Spain | Türkiye |
|---|---|---|
| Land & people | ||
| Surface area km² | 505,98153rd/216 · 2024 | 785,35036th/216 · 2024 |
| Land area km² | 499,68651st/216 · 2024 | 769,63036th/216 · 2024 |
| Population people | 49.4 m32nd/217 · 2025 | 85.9 m18th/217 · 2025 |
| Population growth % | 1.03%100th/217 · 2025 | 0.42%147th/217 · 2025 |
| Population density people/km² | 97.8107th/216 · 2024 | 111.197th/216 · 2024 |
| Urban population % | 80.5%55th/217 · 2025 | 89.5%32nd/217 · 2025 |
| Population aged 0–14 % | 12.6%209th/217 · 2025 | 21.0%116th/217 · 2025 |
| Population aged 65+ % | 21.6%22nd/217 · 2025 | 10.6%94th/217 · 2025 |
| Economy | ||
| GDP USD | $1.91 trn12th/210 · 2025 | $1.60 trn16th/210 · 2025 |
| GDP (PPP) intl. USD | $2.95 trn15th/199 · 2025 | $3.89 trn11th/199 · 2025 |
| Real GDP (PPP, constant 2021 prices) intl. USD 2021 | $2.43 trn15th/199 · 2025 | $3.20 trn11th/199 · 2025 |
| GDP per person USD | $38,62743rd/210 · 2025 | $18,59981st/210 · 2025 |
| GDP per person (PPP) intl. USD | $59,86838th/199 · 2025 | $45,28858th/199 · 2025 |
| GNI per person (Atlas) USD | $37,12037th/201 · 2025 | $16,30075th/201 · 2025 |
| GDP growth % | 2.8%122nd/210 · 2025 | 3.6%94th/210 · 2025 |
| Inflation % | 2.7%83rd/180 · 2025 | 34.9%175th/180 · 2025 |
| Unemployment % | 10.4%151st/187 · 2025 | 8.5%138th/187 · 2025 |
| Central government debt % of GDP | 105.6%49th/55 · 2024 | 25.5%8th/55 · 2024 |
| General government gross debt % of GDP | 100.5%169th/189 · 2025 | 23.7%21st/189 · 2025 |
| Government budget balance % of GDP | -2.4%88th/192 · 2025 | -2.8%99th/192 · 2025 |
| Main industries | ||
| Agriculture, forestry, fishing % of GDP | 2.7%133rd/197 · 2025 | 5.2%105th/197 · 2025 |
| Industry incl. construction % of GDP | 19.6%129th/200 · 2025 | 24.0%96th/200 · 2025 |
| Manufacturing % of GDP | 10.6%92nd/192 · 2025 | 16.8%35th/192 · 2024 |
| Services % of GDP | 68.4%39th/200 · 2025 | 59.4%91st/200 · 2025 |
| Trade | ||
| Exports of goods & services USD | $698.48 bn17th/182 · 2025 | $396.92 bn26th/182 · 2025 |
| Imports of goods & services USD | $625.57 bn17th/182 · 2025 | $400.68 bn23rd/182 · 2025 |
| Exports % of GDP | 36.6%91st/183 · 2025 | 24.8%125th/183 · 2025 |
| Imports % of GDP | 32.8%123rd/183 · 2025 | 25.1%152nd/183 · 2025 |
| Trade openness % of GDP | 69.5%114th/183 · 2025 | 49.9%144th/183 · 2025 |
| Fuel exports % of merchandise exports | 5.0%75th/170 · 2025 | 5.4%72nd/170 · 2025 |
| Manufactures exports % of merchandise exports | 66.0%46th/171 · 2025 | 74.5%32nd/171 · 2025 |
| Food exports % of merchandise exports | 19.5%77th/171 · 2025 | 11.8%108th/171 · 2025 |
| Ores & metals exports % of merchandise exports | 3.7%76th/171 · 2025 | 4.6%66th/171 · 2025 |
| High-tech exports % of manufactured exports | 9.3%71st/168 · 2024 | 5.1%100th/168 · 2024 |
| Current account balance % of GDP | 3.2%50th/191 · 2025 | -1.9%99th/191 · 2025 |
| Foreign direct investment, inflows % of GDP | 1.5%121st/196 · 2025 | 0.8%152nd/196 · 2025 |
| Natural resources | ||
| Natural resource rents % of GDP | 0.1%155th/209 · 2021 | 0.8%121st/209 · 2021 |
| Oil rents % of GDP | 0.00%117th/197 · 2021 | 0.14%73rd/197 · 2021 |
| Natural gas rents % of GDP | 0.00%94th/197 · 2021 | 0.01%85th/197 · 2021 |
| Coal rents % of GDP | 0.00%68th/195 · 2021 | 0.05%35th/195 · 2021 |
| Mineral rents % of GDP | 0.10%71st/209 · 2021 | 0.63%51st/209 · 2021 |
| Forest rents % of GDP | 0.02%143rd/209 · 2021 | 0.00%183rd/209 · 2021 |
| Arable land % of land area | 22.8%45th/206 · 2024 | 26.3%37th/206 · 2024 |
| Renewable freshwater per person m³ | 2,32795th/183 · 2022 | 2,67188th/183 · 2022 |
| Tourism | ||
| International tourist arrivals arrivals | 36.4 m8th/194 · 2020 | 16.0 m15th/194 · 2020 |
| Tourism receipts USD | $31.59 bn1998 | $13.77 bn12th/175 · 2020 |
| Tourism receipts % of exports | 19.8%1998 | 6.6%76th/168 · 2020 |
| Outbound trips departures | 6.2 m25th/107 · 2020 | 2.2 m48th/107 · 2020 |
| Society & health | ||
| Life expectancy years | 83.912th/217 · 2024 | 77.483rd/217 · 2024 |
| Under-5 mortality per 1,000 births | 3.220th/196 · 2024 | 9.672nd/196 · 2024 |
| Physicians per 1,000 people | 4.2924th/174 · 2022 | 2.2479th/174 · 2022 |
| Hospital beds per 1,000 people | 2.960th/145 · 2023 | 3.157th/145 · 2023 |
| DPT immunization % of children 12–23 months | 94%66th/193 · 2024 | 99%1st/193 · 2024 |
| Completed lower secondary, 25+ % of adults | 84.3%65th/153 · 2023 | 54.3%107th/153 · 2023 |
| Secondary enrolment % gross | 118.5%19th/173 · 2024 | 118.4%20th/173 · 2023 |
| Social protection coverage (incl. pensions) % of population | — | 49.3%31st/55 · 2019 |
| Old-age dependency ratio % of working-age population | 32.9%28th/217 · 2025 | 15.5%95th/217 · 2025 |
| Health spending % of GDP | 9.2%42nd/193 · 2023 | 4.3%148th/193 · 2023 |
| Adult literacy % | 99.7%9th/98 · 2021 | 97.3%26th/98 · 2021 |
| Tertiary enrolment % gross | 93.8%13th/150 · 2024 | 105.9%10th/150 · 2023 |
| Human Development Index index 0–1 | 0.91828th/193 · 2023 | 0.85351st/193 · 2023 |
| Income inequality (Gini) index | 33.444th/108 · 2023 | 43.797th/108 · 2023 |
| Extreme poverty % of population | 0.8%43rd/108 · 2023 | 0.2%18th/108 · 2023 |
| Infrastructure & digital | ||
| Access to electricity % of population | 100.0%1st/215 · 2024 | 100.0%1st/215 · 2024 |
| Safely managed drinking water % of population | 99.5%27th/150 · 2024 | — |
| Safely managed sanitation % of population | 88.3%41st/144 · 2024 | 78.9%52nd/144 · 2024 |
| Internet users % of population | 95.8%22nd/186 · 2024 | 89.8%58th/186 · 2025 |
| Mobile subscriptions per 100 people | 13058th/210 · 2024 | 108128th/210 · 2024 |
| Fixed broadband per 100 people | 39.227th/208 · 2024 | 23.481st/208 · 2024 |
| Trade & transport infrastructure quality (LPI) score 1–5 | 3.8019th/164 · 2022 | 3.4042nd/164 · 2022 |
| Rail lines route-km | 15,96315th/82 · 2021 | 10,54617th/82 · 2021 |
| Air passengers carried passengers | 94.1 m11th/161 · 2023 | 125.9 m5th/161 · 2023 |
| Environment & energy | ||
| CO₂ emissions per person t CO₂e | 4.51144th/203 · 2024 | 5.38156th/203 · 2024 |
| Renewable energy % of final energy use | 19.0%110th/212 · 2021 | 12.0%135th/212 · 2021 |
| Air pollution (PM2.5) µg/m³ | 10.146th/200 · 2023 | 26.4142nd/200 · 2023 |
| Forest area % of land area | 38.2%86th/214 · 2024 | 29.5%113th/214 · 2024 |
| Energy use per person kg oil eq. | 2,30650th/149 · 2024 | 1,93659th/149 · 2024 |
| Institutions & safety | ||
| Government effectiveness score 0–100 | 75.534th/205 · 2025 | 52.9106th/205 · 2025 |
| Control of corruption score 0–100 | 61.254th/207 · 2025 | 37.4135th/207 · 2025 |
| Rule of law score 0–100 | 73.044th/207 · 2025 | 45.2153rd/207 · 2025 |
| Political stability score 0–100 | 68.7100th/207 · 2025 | 50.2175th/207 · 2025 |
| Regulatory quality score 0–100 | 62.760th/205 · 2025 | 52.5110th/205 · 2025 |
| Voice & accountability score 0–100 | 78.228th/205 · 2025 | 37.3159th/205 · 2025 |
| Homicide rate per 100,000 | 0.721st/145 · 2023 | 3.284th/145 · 2023 |
| Military | ||
| Military expenditure USD | $40.21 bn15th/156 · 2025 | $29.99 bn18th/156 · 2025 |
| Military expenditure % of GDP | 2.1%55th/156 · 2025 | 1.9%69th/156 · 2025 |
| Military expenditure % of government spending | 4.7%85th/154 · 2025 | 5.9%63rd/154 · 2025 |
| Armed forces personnel people | 199,00032nd/170 · 2020 | 512,00013th/170 · 2020 |
| Armed forces personnel % of labour force | 0.87%79th/168 · 2020 | 1.61%38th/168 · 2020 |
| Arms imports (SIPRI TIV) TIV | 237.0 m34th/163 · 2025 | 381.0 m31st/163 · 2025 |
| Arms exports (SIPRI TIV) TIV | 341.0 m13th/65 · 2025 | 539.0 m11th/65 · 2025 |
| Science & innovation | ||
| R&D spending % of GDP | 1.49%31st/110 · 2023 | 1.42%32nd/110 · 2023 |
| Patent applications by residents applications | 1,16029th/137 · 2024 | 10,00410th/137 · 2024 |
| Scientific articles articles | 60,30412th/197 · 2023 | 50,18016th/197 · 2023 |
Questions and answers
Which has more people, Spain or Türkiye?
Türkiye has the larger population: 85.9 m (2025) compared with 49.4 m for Spain (2025). Source: World Bank, SP.POP.TOTL.
Which is bigger by area, Spain or Türkiye?
Türkiye is larger: 785,350 km² (2024) compared with 505,981 km² for Spain (2024). Source: World Bank, AG.SRF.TOTL.K2.
Which economy is larger, Spain or Türkiye?
Türkiye has the larger economy at purchasing power parity: $3.89 trn intl. (2025) compared with $2.95 trn intl. for Spain (2025). Source: World Bank, NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD.
Which is richer per person, Spain or Türkiye?
Spain has the higher GDP per person (PPP): $59,868 intl. (2025) compared with $45,288 intl. for Türkiye (2025). Source: World Bank, NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD.
Where do people live longer, in Spain or Türkiye?
Spain has the higher life expectancy at birth: 83.9 years (2024) compared with 77.4 years for Türkiye (2024). Source: World Bank, SP.DYN.LE00.IN.
Which spends more on the military, Spain or Türkiye?
Spain spends more on the military: $40.21 bn (2025) compared with $29.99 bn for Türkiye (2025). Source: World Bank, MS.MIL.XPND.CD.
Which ranks higher in the NationsTree Index, Spain or Türkiye?
Spain: 75.9 points (17th in the world); Türkiye: 64.7 points (47th). The index combines foundations, economic strength, quality of life, problems and 5-year direction from public statistics.
Italy
Portugal
Argentina
Australia
Canada
Indonesia
MexicoSources
World Bank World Development Indicators and Worldwide Governance Indicators, compiling UN agencies, the IMF, WHO, SIPRI and national statistical offices; every row links to its world ranking with the source series. See Sources & licences and Methodology.
Cite as: NationsTree (2026). Spain vs Türkiye — country comparison. https://nationstree.org/compare/spain-vs-turkiye. Data as of 26 October 2026.