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Comparison · latest available · data as of 26 October 2026 · printed 27 Oct 2026
NationsTree / Compare / Poland vs Spain

Poland vs Spain

Side-by-side comparison of Poland and Spain from official statistics: size, economy, people, trade, natural resources, health, infrastructure and military, with world ranks, years and sources.

Poland

Europe & Central Asia · nation age 1,060 years

NationsTree Index73.425th of 196
Tree height30 m 
vs
13:23
indicators where each ranks higher

Spain

Europe & Central Asia · nation age 547 years

NationsTree Index75.917th of 196
Tree height36 m 
Open in the comparison tool Data as of 26 October 2026

In short

Spain scores 75.9 in the NationsTree Index (17th in the world) and Poland scores 73.4 (25th), a gap of 2.5 points. Their trees are 30 m and 36 m tall; tree height grows with real GDP and is adjusted by the index.

Spain has 35% more people than Poland. Spain has 61% more land area than Poland. The economy of Spain is 49% larger than that of Poland (GDP at purchasing power parity). Population: Poland 36.4 million and Spain 49.4 million (2025).

GDP per person at purchasing power parity is $59,868 in Spain and $54,262 in Poland (2025, international dollars). People in Spain live on average 5.5 years longer (83.9 vs 78.4 years).

Of 36 indicators reported by both countries, Poland ranks higher in the world on 13 and Spain on 23. Poland is clearly stronger in natural resources and military. Spain is clearly stronger in land & people, environment & energy and tourism.

As a nation, Poland is the older of the two (statehood since 966, 1,060 years), compared with Spain (since 1479). Over the last five years Spain improved faster (direction score 63 vs 42 out of 100).

Where they differ most

The indicators with the biggest gap in world position between Poland and Spain.

Over time

How the two countries moved against each other, from the yearly data.

NationsTree IndexPolandSpain
60708090 1996 2001 2006 2011 2016 2021 2025

Spain overtook Poland in the NationsTree Index in 2023 and has stayed ahead since.

Spain has been ahead of Poland in GDP per person (PPP), GDP (PPP), life expectancy and population in every year since 1990.

Strength by category

Average world percentile of the indicators in each category (0–100, direction taken into account). i

All indicators

Latest available value for each country with its year and world rank. Green: the better world position of the two, red: the weaker one.

Indicator Poland Spain
Land & people
Surface area i km² 313,94070th/216 · 2024 505,98153rd/216 · 2024
Land area i km² 306,07070th/216 · 2024 499,68651st/216 · 2024
Population i people 36.4 m44th/217 · 2025 49.4 m32nd/217 · 2025
Population growth i % -0.34%193rd/217 · 2025 1.03%100th/217 · 2025
Population density i people/km² 119.491st/216 · 2024 97.8107th/216 · 2024
Urban population i % 60.1%125th/217 · 2025 80.5%55th/217 · 2025
Population aged 0–14 i % 14.5%188th/217 · 2025 12.6%209th/217 · 2025
Population aged 65+ i % 20.8%31st/217 · 2025 21.6%22nd/217 · 2025
Economy
GDP i USD $1.04 trn21st/210 · 2025 $1.91 trn12th/210 · 2025
GDP (PPP) i intl. USD $1.98 trn21st/199 · 2025 $2.95 trn15th/199 · 2025
Real GDP (PPP, constant 2021 prices) i intl. USD 2021 $1.71 trn20th/199 · 2025 $2.43 trn15th/199 · 2025
GDP per person i USD $28,42060th/210 · 2025 $38,62743rd/210 · 2025
GDP per person (PPP) i intl. USD $54,26246th/199 · 2025 $59,86838th/199 · 2025
GNI per person (Atlas) i USD $25,52055th/201 · 2025 $37,12037th/201 · 2025
GDP growth i % 3.6%96th/210 · 2025 2.8%122nd/210 · 2025
Inflation i % 3.8%114th/180 · 2025 2.7%83rd/180 · 2025
Unemployment i % 3.0%39th/187 · 2025 10.4%151st/187 · 2025
Central government debt i % of GDP 60.5%1994 105.6%49th/55 · 2024
General government gross debt i % of GDP 59.7%113th/189 · 2025 100.5%169th/189 · 2025
Government budget balance i % of GDP -7.3%174th/192 · 2025 -2.4%88th/192 · 2025
Main industries
Agriculture, forestry, fishing i % of GDP 2.5%141st/197 · 2025 2.7%133rd/197 · 2025
Industry incl. construction i % of GDP 25.8%75th/200 · 2025 19.6%129th/200 · 2025
Manufacturing i % of GDP 15.0%41st/192 · 2025 10.6%92nd/192 · 2025
Services i % of GDP 59.7%87th/200 · 2025 68.4%39th/200 · 2025
Trade
Exports of goods & services i USD $517.23 bn20th/182 · 2025 $698.48 bn17th/182 · 2025
Imports of goods & services i USD $487.51 bn19th/182 · 2025 $625.57 bn17th/182 · 2025
Exports i % of GDP 50.0%52nd/183 · 2025 36.6%91st/183 · 2025
Imports i % of GDP 47.1%87th/183 · 2025 32.8%123rd/183 · 2025
Trade openness i % of GDP 97.0%66th/183 · 2025 69.5%114th/183 · 2025
Fuel exports i % of merchandise exports 2.1%99th/170 · 2025 5.0%75th/170 · 2025
Manufactures exports i % of merchandise exports 77.8%26th/171 · 2025 66.0%46th/171 · 2025
Food exports i % of merchandise exports 15.6%88th/171 · 2025 19.5%77th/171 · 2025
Ores & metals exports i % of merchandise exports 3.2%84th/171 · 2025 3.7%76th/171 · 2025
High-tech exports i % of manufactured exports 13.5%51st/168 · 2024 9.3%71st/168 · 2024
Current account balance i % of GDP -1.0%91st/191 · 2025 3.2%50th/191 · 2025
Foreign direct investment, inflows i % of GDP 2.0%101st/196 · 2025 1.5%121st/196 · 2025
Natural resources
Natural resource rents i % of GDP 1.0%117th/209 · 2021 0.1%155th/209 · 2021
Oil rents i % of GDP 0.04%86th/197 · 2021 0.00%117th/197 · 2021
Natural gas rents i % of GDP 0.10%59th/197 · 2021 0.00%94th/197 · 2021
Coal rents i % of GDP 0.25%21st/195 · 2021 0.00%68th/195 · 2021
Mineral rents i % of GDP 0.48%56th/209 · 2021 0.10%71st/209 · 2021
Forest rents i % of GDP 0.16%99th/209 · 2021 0.02%143rd/209 · 2021
Arable land i % of land area 36.6%17th/206 · 2024 22.8%45th/206 · 2024
Renewable freshwater per person i m³ 1,456112th/183 · 2022 2,32795th/183 · 2022
Tourism
International tourist arrivals i arrivals 88.5 m2nd/194 · 2019 36.4 m8th/194 · 2020
Tourism receipts i USD $8.38 bn23rd/175 · 2020 $31.59 bn1998
Tourism receipts i % of exports 2.6%117th/168 · 2020 19.8%1998
Outbound trips i departures 50.6 m3rd/107 · 2019 6.2 m25th/107 · 2020
Society & health
Life expectancy i years 78.462nd/217 · 2024 83.912th/217 · 2024
Under-5 mortality i per 1,000 births 4.234th/196 · 2024 3.220th/196 · 2024
Physicians i per 1,000 people 4.0330th/174 · 2023 4.2924th/174 · 2022
Hospital beds i per 1,000 people 6.015th/145 · 2022 2.960th/145 · 2023
DPT immunization i % of children 12–23 months 94%66th/193 · 2024 94%66th/193 · 2024
Completed lower secondary, 25+ i % of adults 88.2%55th/153 · 2021 84.3%65th/153 · 2023
Secondary enrolment i % gross 107.9%31st/173 · 2024 118.5%19th/173 · 2024
Social protection coverage (incl. pensions) i % of population 79.2%11th/55 · 2019 —
Old-age dependency ratio i % of working-age population 32.0%32nd/217 · 2025 32.9%28th/217 · 2025
Health spending i % of GDP 8.1%61st/193 · 2024 9.2%42nd/193 · 2023
Adult literacy i % — 99.7%9th/98 · 2021
Tertiary enrolment i % gross 80.9%24th/150 · 2024 93.8%13th/150 · 2024
Human Development Index i index 0–1 0.90635th/193 · 2023 0.91828th/193 · 2023
Income inequality (Gini) i index 28.515th/108 · 2023 33.444th/108 · 2023
Extreme poverty i % of population 0.2%18th/108 · 2023 0.8%43rd/108 · 2023
Infrastructure & digital
Access to electricity i % of population 100.0%1st/215 · 2024 100.0%1st/215 · 2024
Safely managed drinking water i % of population 88.7%64th/150 · 2024 99.5%27th/150 · 2024
Safely managed sanitation i % of population 97.8%14th/144 · 2024 88.3%41st/144 · 2024
Internet users i % of population 88.6%67th/186 · 2024 95.8%22nd/186 · 2024
Mobile subscriptions i per 100 people 13846th/210 · 2024 13058th/210 · 2024
Fixed broadband i per 100 people 25.474th/208 · 2024 39.227th/208 · 2024
Trade & transport infrastructure quality (LPI) i score 1–5 3.5038th/164 · 2022 3.8019th/164 · 2022
Rail lines i route-km 18,62010th/82 · 2021 15,96315th/82 · 2021
Air passengers carried i passengers 8.8 m50th/161 · 2023 94.1 m11th/161 · 2023
Environment & energy
CO₂ emissions per person i t CO₂e 7.55174th/203 · 2024 4.51144th/203 · 2024
Renewable energy i % of final energy use 15.2%122nd/212 · 2021 19.0%110th/212 · 2021
Air pollution (PM2.5) i µg/m³ 16.594th/200 · 2023 10.146th/200 · 2023
Forest area i % of land area 31.0%110th/214 · 2024 38.2%86th/214 · 2024
Energy use per person i kg oil eq. 2,62240th/149 · 2024 2,30650th/149 · 2024
Institutions & safety
Government effectiveness i score 0–100 68.651st/205 · 2025 75.534th/205 · 2025
Control of corruption i score 0–100 65.245th/207 · 2025 61.254th/207 · 2025
Rule of law i score 0–100 68.066th/207 · 2025 73.044th/207 · 2025
Political stability i score 0–100 77.866th/207 · 2025 68.7100th/207 · 2025
Regulatory quality i score 0–100 69.142nd/205 · 2025 62.760th/205 · 2025
Voice & accountability i score 0–100 72.752nd/205 · 2025 78.228th/205 · 2025
Homicide rate i per 100,000 0.830th/145 · 2023 0.721st/145 · 2023
Military
Military expenditure i USD $46.76 bn14th/156 · 2025 $40.21 bn15th/156 · 2025
Military expenditure i % of GDP 4.5%13th/156 · 2025 2.1%55th/156 · 2025
Military expenditure i % of government spending 9.0%34th/154 · 2025 4.7%85th/154 · 2025
Armed forces personnel i people 189,00034th/170 · 2020 199,00032nd/170 · 2020
Armed forces personnel i % of labour force 1.04%62nd/168 · 2020 0.87%79th/168 · 2020
Arms imports (SIPRI TIV) i TIV 2.2 bn4th/163 · 2025 237.0 m34th/163 · 2025
Arms exports (SIPRI TIV) i TIV 59.0 m31st/65 · 2025 341.0 m13th/65 · 2025
Science & innovation
R&D spending i % of GDP 1.56%27th/110 · 2023 1.49%31st/110 · 2023
Patent applications by residents i applications 3,36316th/137 · 2024 1,16029th/137 · 2024
Scientific articles i articles 31,21819th/197 · 2023 60,30412th/197 · 2023

Questions and answers

Which has more people, Poland or Spain?

Spain has the larger population: 49.4 m (2025) compared with 36.4 m for Poland (2025). Source: World Bank, SP.POP.TOTL.

Which is bigger by area, Poland or Spain?

Spain is larger: 505,981 km² (2024) compared with 313,940 km² for Poland (2024). Source: World Bank, AG.SRF.TOTL.K2.

Which economy is larger, Poland or Spain?

Spain has the larger economy at purchasing power parity: $2.95 trn intl. (2025) compared with $1.98 trn intl. for Poland (2025). Source: World Bank, NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD.

Which is richer per person, Poland or Spain?

Spain has the higher GDP per person (PPP): $59,868 intl. (2025) compared with $54,262 intl. for Poland (2025). Source: World Bank, NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD.

Where do people live longer, in Poland or Spain?

Spain has the higher life expectancy at birth: 83.9 years (2024) compared with 78.4 years for Poland (2024). Source: World Bank, SP.DYN.LE00.IN.

Which spends more on the military, Poland or Spain?

Poland spends more on the military: $46.76 bn (2025) compared with $40.21 bn for Spain (2025). Source: World Bank, MS.MIL.XPND.CD.

Which ranks higher in the NationsTree Index, Poland or Spain?

Spain: 75.9 points (17th in the world); Poland: 73.4 points (25th). The index combines foundations, economic strength, quality of life, problems and 5-year direction from public statistics.

More comparisons

Spain compared with

Sources

World Bank World Development Indicators and Worldwide Governance Indicators, compiling UN agencies, the IMF, WHO, SIPRI and national statistical offices; every row links to its world ranking with the source series. See Sources & licences and Methodology.

Cite as: NationsTree (2026). Poland vs Spain — country comparison. https://nationstree.org/compare/poland-vs-spain. Data as of 26 October 2026.

Cite as: NationsTree (2026). Poland vs Spain — country comparison. https://nationstree.org/compare/poland-vs-spain. Data as of 26 October 2026.
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