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Madagascar vs Niger
Side-by-side comparison of Madagascar and Niger from official statistics: size, economy, people, trade, natural resources, health, infrastructure and military, with world ranks, years and sources.
Madagascar
Sub-Saharan Africa · nation age 66 years
In short
Madagascar scores 19.7 in the NationsTree Index (189th in the world) and Niger scores 18.5 (191st), a gap of 1.2 points. Their trees are 4.0 m and 3.9 m tall; tree height grows with real GDP and is adjusted by the index.
Madagascar has 17% more people than Niger. Niger is 2.1 times larger than Madagascar by land area. Madagascar and Niger have economies of similar size (GDP at purchasing power parity). Population: Madagascar 32.7 million and Niger 27.9 million (2025).
GDP per person at purchasing power parity is $2,177 in Niger and $1,952 in Madagascar (2025, international dollars). People in Madagascar live on average 2.4 years longer (63.8 vs 61.4 years).
Of 34 indicators reported by both countries, Madagascar ranks higher in the world on 18 and Niger on 16. Madagascar is clearly stronger in environment & energy, main industries and trade. Niger is clearly stronger in military and economy.
Over the last five years Niger improved faster (direction score 14 vs 14 out of 100).
Where they differ most
The indicators with the biggest gap in world position between Madagascar and Niger.
Madagascar
8.1%
151st of 180
Nigerbetter
-4.5%
3rd of 180
Renewable freshwater per personNatural resources
Madagascarbetter
11,072
42nd of 183
Niger
138
168th of 183
Air pollution (PM2.5)Environment & energy
Madagascarbetter
12.4
62nd of 200
Niger
65.2
196th of 200
GDP growthEconomy
Madagascar
3.0%
115th of 210
Nigerbetter
7.0%
19th of 210
High-tech exportsTrade
Madagascar
1.0%
148th of 168
Nigerbetter
8.6%
77th of 168
Over time
How the two countries moved against each other, from the yearly data.
Madagascar overtook Niger in the NationsTree Index in 2025, the latest year with data.
Niger overtook Madagascar in GDP per person (PPP) in 2021 and has stayed ahead since.
Madagascar has been ahead of Niger in GDP (PPP), life expectancy and population in every year since 1990.
Strength by category
Average world percentile of the indicators in each category (0–100, direction taken into account). i
MadagascarNiger All indicators
Latest available value for each country with its year and world rank. Green: the better world position of the two, red: the weaker one.
| Indicator | Madagascar | Niger |
|---|---|---|
| Land & people | ||
| Surface area km² | 591,89648th/216 · 2024 | 1,267,00021st/216 · 2024 |
| Land area km² | 581,80044th/216 · 2024 | 1,266,70020th/216 · 2024 |
| Population people | 32.7 m49th/217 · 2025 | 27.9 m54th/217 · 2025 |
| Population growth % | 2.40%28th/217 · 2025 | 3.22%9th/217 · 2025 |
| Population density people/km² | 54.9150th/216 · 2024 | 21.3183rd/216 · 2024 |
| Urban population % | 32.9%188th/217 · 2025 | 18.4%213th/217 · 2025 |
| Population aged 0–14 % | 38.9%29th/217 · 2025 | 46.2%3rd/217 · 2025 |
| Population aged 65+ % | 3.5%180th/217 · 2025 | 2.6%205th/217 · 2025 |
| Economy | ||
| GDP USD | $19.62 bn135th/210 · 2025 | $21.65 bn130th/210 · 2025 |
| GDP (PPP) intl. USD | $63.93 bn123rd/199 · 2025 | $60.78 bn127th/199 · 2025 |
| Real GDP (PPP, constant 2021 prices) intl. USD 2021 | $54.63 bn122nd/199 · 2025 | $51.94 bn127th/199 · 2025 |
| GDP per person USD | $599207th/210 · 2025 | $775203rd/210 · 2025 |
| GDP per person (PPP) intl. USD | $1,952193rd/199 · 2025 | $2,177191st/199 · 2025 |
| GNI per person (Atlas) USD | $560198th/201 · 2025 | $750192nd/201 · 2025 |
| GDP growth % | 3.0%115th/210 · 2025 | 7.0%19th/210 · 2025 |
| Inflation % | 8.1%151st/180 · 2025 | -4.5%3rd/180 · 2025 |
| Unemployment % | 3.0%42nd/187 · 2025 | 0.4%3rd/187 · 2025 |
| General government gross debt % of GDP | 47.7%81st/189 · 2025 | 45.5%76th/189 · 2025 |
| Government budget balance % of GDP | -2.1%79th/192 · 2025 | -2.9%102nd/192 · 2025 |
| Main industries | ||
| Agriculture, forestry, fishing % of GDP | 21.7%31st/197 · 2025 | 47.6%1st/197 · 2025 |
| Industry incl. construction % of GDP | 23.9%99th/200 · 2025 | 18.7%132nd/200 · 2025 |
| Manufacturing % of GDP | 13.1%63rd/192 · 2024 | 7.0%133rd/192 · 2024 |
| Services % of GDP | 48.8%151st/200 · 2025 | 31.1%197th/200 · 2025 |
| Trade | ||
| Exports of goods & services USD | $4.19 bn136th/182 · 2025 | $3.41 bn144th/182 · 2025 |
| Imports of goods & services USD | $6.46 bn133rd/182 · 2025 | $3.93 bn145th/182 · 2025 |
| Exports % of GDP | 21.3%142nd/183 · 2025 | 15.8%158th/183 · 2025 |
| Imports % of GDP | 32.9%122nd/183 · 2025 | 18.1%170th/183 · 2025 |
| Trade openness % of GDP | 54.2%136th/183 · 2025 | 33.9%172nd/183 · 2025 |
| Fuel exports % of merchandise exports | 2.6%92nd/170 · 2024 | 88.0%6th/170 · 2024 |
| Manufactures exports % of merchandise exports | 32.3%88th/171 · 2024 | 7.3%141st/171 · 2024 |
| Food exports % of merchandise exports | 30.5%48th/171 · 2024 | 4.1%143rd/171 · 2024 |
| Ores & metals exports % of merchandise exports | 32.9%15th/171 · 2024 | 0.0%167th/171 · 2024 |
| High-tech exports % of manufactured exports | 1.0%148th/168 · 2024 | 8.6%77th/168 · 2024 |
| Current account balance % of GDP | -6.0%150th/191 · 2025 | -3.7%124th/191 · 2025 |
| Foreign direct investment, inflows % of GDP | 4.5%45th/196 · 2025 | 1.2%135th/196 · 2025 |
| Natural resources | ||
| Natural resource rents % of GDP | 5.5%67th/209 · 2021 | 6.4%63rd/209 · 2021 |
| Oil rents % of GDP | 0.08%76th/197 · 2021 | 0.62%52nd/197 · 2021 |
| Natural gas rents % of GDP | 0.00%100th/197 · 2021 | 0.03%70th/197 · 2021 |
| Coal rents % of GDP | 0.00%68th/195 · 2021 | 0.04%37th/195 · 2021 |
| Mineral rents % of GDP | 0.00%91st/209 · 2021 | 0.83%48th/209 · 2021 |
| Forest rents % of GDP | 5.45%13th/209 · 2021 | 4.89%14th/209 · 2021 |
| Arable land % of land area | 5.2%136th/206 · 2024 | 14.0%78th/206 · 2024 |
| Renewable freshwater per person m³ | 11,07242nd/183 · 2022 | 138168th/183 · 2022 |
| Tourism | ||
| International tourist arrivals arrivals | 87,100167th/194 · 2020 | 85,000170th/194 · 2020 |
| Tourism receipts USD | $202.0 m125th/175 · 2020 | $130.0 m136th/175 · 2019 |
| Tourism receipts % of exports | 7.8%69th/168 · 2020 | 9.4%60th/168 · 2019 |
| Outbound trips departures | 39,0001995 | 10,0001998 |
| Society & health | ||
| Life expectancy years | 63.8196th/217 · 2024 | 61.4207th/217 · 2024 |
| Under-5 mortality per 1,000 births | 62.4178th/196 · 2024 | 110.7195th/196 · 2024 |
| Physicians per 1,000 people | 0.17152nd/174 · 2022 | 0.04174th/174 · 2023 |
| Hospital beds per 1,000 people | 0.32014 | 0.3143rd/145 · 2020 |
| DPT immunization % of children 12–23 months | 60%184th/193 · 2024 | 86%125th/193 · 2024 |
| Completed lower secondary, 25+ % of adults | 18.4%142nd/153 · 2021 | 8.4%153rd/153 · 2022 |
| Secondary enrolment % gross | 34.1%167th/173 · 2021 | 19.9%172nd/173 · 2024 |
| Social protection coverage (incl. pensions) % of population | 5.7%2010 | 23.3%44th/55 · 2021 |
| Old-age dependency ratio % of working-age population | 6.0%179th/217 · 2025 | 5.1%198th/217 · 2025 |
| Health spending % of GDP | 3.4%170th/193 · 2023 | 4.0%154th/193 · 2023 |
| Adult literacy % | 74.7%74th/98 · 2021 | 35.6%98th/98 · 2022 |
| Tertiary enrolment % gross | 6.1%146th/150 · 2023 | 4.2%2019 |
| Human Development Index index 0–1 | 0.487183rd/193 · 2023 | 0.419188th/193 · 2023 |
| Income inequality (Gini) index | 36.871st/108 · 2021 | 32.940th/108 · 2021 |
| Extreme poverty % of population | 69.2%105th/108 · 2021 | 60.5%104th/108 · 2021 |
| Infrastructure & digital | ||
| Access to electricity % of population | 42.5%204th/215 · 2024 | 21.3%210th/215 · 2024 |
| Safely managed drinking water % of population | 22.1%136th/150 · 2024 | — |
| Safely managed sanitation % of population | 12.8%137th/144 · 2024 | 9.1%141st/144 · 2024 |
| Internet users % of population | 18.7%179th/186 · 2024 | 15.6%182nd/186 · 2024 |
| Mobile subscriptions per 100 people | 75171st/210 · 2023 | 61193rd/210 · 2024 |
| Fixed broadband per 100 people | 0.1192nd/208 · 2023 | 0.1193rd/208 · 2024 |
| Trade & transport infrastructure quality (LPI) score 1–5 | 1.80161st/164 · 2022 | 2.00148th/164 · 2018 |
| Rail lines route-km | 67373rd/82 · 2021 | — |
| Air passengers carried passengers | 313,313126th/161 · 2023 | 5,775154th/161 · 2023 |
| Environment & energy | ||
| CO₂ emissions per person t CO₂e | 0.1516th/203 · 2024 | 0.1214th/203 · 2024 |
| Renewable energy % of final energy use | 83.1%9th/212 · 2022 | 79.6%18th/212 · 2021 |
| Air pollution (PM2.5) µg/m³ | 12.462nd/200 · 2023 | 65.2196th/200 · 2023 |
| Forest area % of land area | 17.3%140th/214 · 2024 | 0.8%199th/214 · 2024 |
| Energy use per person kg oil eq. | 302143rd/149 · 2024 | 173146th/149 · 2024 |
| Institutions & safety | ||
| Government effectiveness score 0–100 | 34.5174th/205 · 2025 | 34.6173rd/205 · 2025 |
| Control of corruption score 0–100 | 27.1171st/207 · 2025 | 33.2151st/207 · 2025 |
| Rule of law score 0–100 | 43.1160th/207 · 2025 | 40.1173rd/207 · 2025 |
| Political stability score 0–100 | 56.4155th/207 · 2025 | 34.6193rd/207 · 2025 |
| Regulatory quality score 0–100 | 41.2167th/205 · 2025 | 42.3160th/205 · 2025 |
| Voice & accountability score 0–100 | 45.8134th/205 · 2025 | 36.8161st/205 · 2025 |
| Homicide rate per 100,000 | — | 4.42012 |
| Military | ||
| Military expenditure USD | $119.7 m136th/156 · 2025 | $488.9 m106th/156 · 2025 |
| Military expenditure % of GDP | 0.6%137th/156 · 2025 | 2.1%54th/156 · 2025 |
| Military expenditure % of government spending | 3.8%114th/154 · 2025 | 15.2%16th/154 · 2025 |
| Armed forces personnel people | 22,000100th/170 · 2020 | 10,000131st/170 · 2020 |
| Armed forces personnel % of labour force | 0.15%156th/168 · 2020 | 0.11%161st/168 · 2020 |
| Arms imports (SIPRI TIV) TIV | 3.0 m141st/163 · 2025 | 4.0 m135th/163 · 2025 |
| Science & innovation | ||
| R&D spending % of GDP | 0.01%2017 | — |
| Patent applications by residents applications | 3118th/137 · 2024 | — |
| Scientific articles articles | 153133rd/197 · 2023 | 90143rd/197 · 2023 |
Questions and answers
Which has more people, Madagascar or Niger?
Madagascar has the larger population: 32.7 m (2025) compared with 27.9 m for Niger (2025). Source: World Bank, SP.POP.TOTL.
Which is bigger by area, Madagascar or Niger?
Niger is larger: 1,267,000 km² (2024) compared with 591,896 km² for Madagascar (2024). Source: World Bank, AG.SRF.TOTL.K2.
Which economy is larger, Madagascar or Niger?
Madagascar has the larger economy at purchasing power parity: $63.93 bn intl. (2025) compared with $60.78 bn intl. for Niger (2025). Source: World Bank, NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD.
Which is richer per person, Madagascar or Niger?
Niger has the higher GDP per person (PPP): $2,177 intl. (2025) compared with $1,952 intl. for Madagascar (2025). Source: World Bank, NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD.
Where do people live longer, in Madagascar or Niger?
Madagascar has the higher life expectancy at birth: 63.8 years (2024) compared with 61.4 years for Niger (2024). Source: World Bank, SP.DYN.LE00.IN.
Which spends more on the military, Madagascar or Niger?
Niger spends more on the military: $488.9 m (2025) compared with $119.7 m for Madagascar (2025). Source: World Bank, MS.MIL.XPND.CD.
Which ranks higher in the NationsTree Index, Madagascar or Niger?
Madagascar: 19.7 points (189th in the world); Niger: 18.5 points (191st). The index combines foundations, economic strength, quality of life, problems and 5-year direction from public statistics.
Benin
Burkina Faso
Chad
Guinea
Mozambique
Rwanda
GabonSources
World Bank World Development Indicators and Worldwide Governance Indicators, compiling UN agencies, the IMF, WHO, SIPRI and national statistical offices; every row links to its world ranking with the source series. See Sources & licences and Methodology.
Cite as: NationsTree (2026). Madagascar vs Niger — country comparison. https://nationstree.org/compare/madagascar-vs-niger. Data as of 26 October 2026.