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Madagascar vs Mozambique
Side-by-side comparison of Madagascar and Mozambique from official statistics: size, economy, people, trade, natural resources, health, infrastructure and military, with world ranks, years and sources.
Madagascar
Sub-Saharan Africa · nation age 66 years
Mozambique
Sub-Saharan Africa · nation age 51 years
In short
Mozambique scores 20.9 in the NationsTree Index (188th in the world) and Madagascar scores 19.7 (189th), a gap of 1.2 points. Their trees are 4.0 m and 3.9 m tall; tree height grows with real GDP and is adjusted by the index.
Madagascar and Mozambique have a similar population. Mozambique has 35% more land area than Madagascar. Madagascar and Mozambique have economies of similar size (GDP at purchasing power parity). Population: Madagascar 32.7 million and Mozambique 35.6 million (2025).
GDP per person at purchasing power parity is $1,952 in Madagascar and $1,698 in Mozambique (2025, international dollars). Life expectancy is almost the same: 63.8 and 63.8 years.
Of 33 indicators reported by both countries, Madagascar ranks higher in the world on 19 and Mozambique on 14. Madagascar is clearly stronger in main industries and economy. Mozambique is clearly stronger in military, natural resources and trade.
As a nation, Madagascar is the older of the two (statehood since 1960, 66 years), compared with Mozambique (since 1975). Over the last five years Mozambique improved faster (direction score 20 vs 14 out of 100).
Where they differ most
The indicators with the biggest gap in world position between Madagascar and Mozambique.
Over time
How the two countries moved against each other, from the yearly data.
Mozambique overtook Madagascar in the NationsTree Index in 2025, the latest year with data.
Madagascar overtook Mozambique in GDP (PPP) in 2024 and has stayed ahead since.
Madagascar has been ahead of Mozambique in GDP per person (PPP) and life expectancy in every year since 1990.
Mozambique has been ahead of Madagascar in population in every year since 1990.
Strength by category
Average world percentile of the indicators in each category (0–100, direction taken into account). i
MadagascarMozambique All indicators
Latest available value for each country with its year and world rank. Green: the better world position of the two, red: the weaker one.
| Indicator | Madagascar | Mozambique |
|---|---|---|
| Land & people | ||
| Surface area km² | 591,89648th/216 · 2024 | 799,38034th/216 · 2024 |
| Land area km² | 581,80044th/216 · 2024 | 786,38034th/216 · 2024 |
| Population people | 32.7 m49th/217 · 2025 | 35.6 m46th/217 · 2025 |
| Population growth % | 2.40%28th/217 · 2025 | 2.85%17th/217 · 2025 |
| Population density people/km² | 54.9150th/216 · 2024 | 44.0160th/216 · 2024 |
| Urban population % | 32.9%188th/217 · 2025 | 37.2%178th/217 · 2025 |
| Population aged 0–14 % | 38.9%29th/217 · 2025 | 44.2%7th/217 · 2025 |
| Population aged 65+ % | 3.5%180th/217 · 2025 | 2.7%201st/217 · 2025 |
| Economy | ||
| GDP USD | $19.62 bn135th/210 · 2025 | $22.34 bn128th/210 · 2025 |
| GDP (PPP) intl. USD | $63.93 bn123rd/199 · 2025 | $60.50 bn129th/199 · 2025 |
| Real GDP (PPP, constant 2021 prices) intl. USD 2021 | $54.63 bn122nd/199 · 2025 | $51.70 bn129th/199 · 2025 |
| GDP per person USD | $599207th/210 · 2025 | $627206th/210 · 2025 |
| GDP per person (PPP) intl. USD | $1,952193rd/199 · 2025 | $1,698196th/199 · 2025 |
| GNI per person (Atlas) USD | $560198th/201 · 2025 | $570197th/201 · 2025 |
| GDP growth % | 3.0%115th/210 · 2025 | -0.5%196th/210 · 2025 |
| Inflation % | 8.1%151st/180 · 2025 | 4.4%131st/180 · 2025 |
| Unemployment % | 3.0%42nd/187 · 2025 | 6.6%121st/187 · 2025 |
| Central government debt % of GDP | — | 71.8%41st/55 · 2024 |
| General government gross debt % of GDP | 47.7%81st/189 · 2025 | 90.3%160th/189 · 2025 |
| Government budget balance % of GDP | -2.1%79th/192 · 2025 | -5.1%150th/192 · 2025 |
| Main industries | ||
| Agriculture, forestry, fishing % of GDP | 21.7%31st/197 · 2025 | 25.6%19th/197 · 2025 |
| Industry incl. construction % of GDP | 23.9%99th/200 · 2025 | 22.1%112th/200 · 2025 |
| Manufacturing % of GDP | 13.1%63rd/192 · 2024 | 6.2%140th/192 · 2025 |
| Services % of GDP | 48.8%151st/200 · 2025 | 42.0%180th/200 · 2025 |
| Trade | ||
| Exports of goods & services USD | $4.19 bn136th/182 · 2025 | $9.24 bn114th/182 · 2025 |
| Imports of goods & services USD | $6.46 bn133rd/182 · 2025 | $12.45 bn112th/182 · 2025 |
| Exports % of GDP | 21.3%142nd/183 · 2025 | 41.4%76th/183 · 2025 |
| Imports % of GDP | 32.9%122nd/183 · 2025 | 55.7%62nd/183 · 2025 |
| Trade openness % of GDP | 54.2%136th/183 · 2025 | 97.1%65th/183 · 2025 |
| Fuel exports % of merchandise exports | 2.6%92nd/170 · 2024 | 54.2%21st/170 · 2025 |
| Manufactures exports % of merchandise exports | 32.3%88th/171 · 2024 | 4.9%154th/171 · 2025 |
| Food exports % of merchandise exports | 30.5%48th/171 · 2024 | 12.4%104th/171 · 2025 |
| Ores & metals exports % of merchandise exports | 32.9%15th/171 · 2024 | 27.5%20th/171 · 2025 |
| High-tech exports % of manufactured exports | 1.0%148th/168 · 2024 | 3.6%110th/168 · 2024 |
| Current account balance % of GDP | -6.0%150th/191 · 2025 | -13.5%174th/191 · 2025 |
| Foreign direct investment, inflows % of GDP | 4.5%45th/196 · 2025 | 25.8%9th/196 · 2025 |
| Natural resources | ||
| Natural resource rents % of GDP | 5.5%67th/209 · 2021 | 14.9%34th/209 · 2021 |
| Oil rents % of GDP | 0.08%76th/197 · 2021 | 0.08%78th/197 · 2021 |
| Natural gas rents % of GDP | 0.00%100th/197 · 2021 | 3.57%18th/197 · 2021 |
| Coal rents % of GDP | 0.00%68th/195 · 2021 | 3.78%3rd/195 · 2021 |
| Mineral rents % of GDP | 0.00%91st/209 · 2021 | 0.14%67th/209 · 2021 |
| Forest rents % of GDP | 5.45%13th/209 · 2021 | 7.34%10th/209 · 2021 |
| Arable land % of land area | 5.2%136th/206 · 2024 | 10.5%99th/206 · 2024 |
| Renewable freshwater per person m³ | 11,07242nd/183 · 2022 | 3,07183rd/183 · 2022 |
| Tourism | ||
| International tourist arrivals arrivals | 87,100167th/194 · 2020 | 2.0 m65th/194 · 2019 |
| Tourism receipts USD | $202.0 m125th/175 · 2020 | $113.0 m139th/175 · 2020 |
| Tourism receipts % of exports | 7.8%69th/168 · 2020 | 2.5%119th/168 · 2020 |
| Outbound trips departures | 39,0001995 | — |
| Society & health | ||
| Life expectancy years | 63.8196th/217 · 2024 | 63.8199th/217 · 2024 |
| Under-5 mortality per 1,000 births | 62.4178th/196 · 2024 | 59.4175th/196 · 2024 |
| Physicians per 1,000 people | 0.17152nd/174 · 2022 | 0.18150th/174 · 2022 |
| Hospital beds per 1,000 people | 0.32014 | 0.7129th/145 · 2021 |
| DPT immunization % of children 12–23 months | 60%184th/193 · 2024 | 70%169th/193 · 2024 |
| Completed lower secondary, 25+ % of adults | 18.4%142nd/153 · 2021 | 17.8%144th/153 · 2022 |
| Secondary enrolment % gross | 34.1%167th/173 · 2021 | 37.2%2017 |
| Social protection coverage (incl. pensions) % of population | 5.7%2010 | 5.9%55th/55 · 2019 |
| Old-age dependency ratio % of working-age population | 6.0%179th/217 · 2025 | 5.1%197th/217 · 2025 |
| Health spending % of GDP | 3.4%170th/193 · 2023 | 8.5%52nd/193 · 2023 |
| Adult literacy % | 74.7%74th/98 · 2021 | 61.7%86th/98 · 2022 |
| Tertiary enrolment % gross | 6.1%146th/150 · 2023 | 7.5%2018 |
| Human Development Index index 0–1 | 0.487183rd/193 · 2023 | 0.493182nd/193 · 2023 |
| Income inequality (Gini) index | 36.871st/108 · 2021 | 49.6103rd/108 · 2022 |
| Extreme poverty % of population | 69.2%105th/108 · 2021 | 81.4%108th/108 · 2022 |
| Infrastructure & digital | ||
| Access to electricity % of population | 42.5%204th/215 · 2024 | 36.9%206th/215 · 2024 |
| Safely managed drinking water % of population | 22.1%136th/150 · 2024 | 27.5%132nd/150 · 2024 |
| Safely managed sanitation % of population | 12.8%137th/144 · 2024 | 33.9%104th/144 · 2024 |
| Internet users % of population | 18.7%179th/186 · 2024 | 20.5%175th/186 · 2024 |
| Mobile subscriptions per 100 people | 75171st/210 · 2023 | 50201st/210 · 2024 |
| Fixed broadband per 100 people | 0.1192nd/208 · 2023 | 0.1191st/208 · 2024 |
| Trade & transport infrastructure quality (LPI) score 1–5 | 1.80161st/164 · 2022 | 2.242016 |
| Rail lines route-km | 67373rd/82 · 2021 | 3,1162011 |
| Air passengers carried passengers | 313,313126th/161 · 2023 | 680,108111th/161 · 2023 |
| Environment & energy | ||
| CO₂ emissions per person t CO₂e | 0.1516th/203 · 2024 | 0.2929th/203 · 2024 |
| Renewable energy % of final energy use | 83.1%9th/212 · 2022 | 76.9%21st/212 · 2021 |
| Air pollution (PM2.5) µg/m³ | 12.462nd/200 · 2023 | 13.772nd/200 · 2023 |
| Forest area % of land area | 17.3%140th/214 · 2024 | 41.3%76th/214 · 2024 |
| Energy use per person kg oil eq. | 302143rd/149 · 2024 | 364134th/149 · 2024 |
| Institutions & safety | ||
| Government effectiveness score 0–100 | 34.5174th/205 · 2025 | 35.8167th/205 · 2025 |
| Control of corruption score 0–100 | 27.1171st/207 · 2025 | 25.9175th/207 · 2025 |
| Rule of law score 0–100 | 43.1160th/207 · 2025 | 39.2176th/207 · 2025 |
| Political stability score 0–100 | 56.4155th/207 · 2025 | 36.6188th/207 · 2025 |
| Regulatory quality score 0–100 | 41.2167th/205 · 2025 | 42.4159th/205 · 2025 |
| Voice & accountability score 0–100 | 45.8134th/205 · 2025 | 41.2146th/205 · 2025 |
| Homicide rate per 100,000 | — | 3.62011 |
| Military | ||
| Military expenditure USD | $119.7 m136th/156 · 2025 | $468.1 m107th/156 · 2025 |
| Military expenditure % of GDP | 0.6%137th/156 · 2025 | 1.9%73rd/156 · 2025 |
| Military expenditure % of government spending | 3.8%114th/154 · 2025 | 6.0%57th/154 · 2025 |
| Armed forces personnel people | 22,000100th/170 · 2020 | 11,000128th/170 · 2020 |
| Armed forces personnel % of labour force | 0.15%156th/168 · 2020 | 0.08%164th/168 · 2020 |
| Arms imports (SIPRI TIV) TIV | 3.0 m141st/163 · 2025 | 14.0 m99th/163 · 2025 |
| Science & innovation | ||
| R&D spending % of GDP | 0.01%2017 | 0.31%2015 |
| Patent applications by residents applications | 3118th/137 · 2024 | 10104th/137 · 2024 |
| Scientific articles articles | 153133rd/197 · 2023 | 205127th/197 · 2023 |
Questions and answers
Which has more people, Madagascar or Mozambique?
Mozambique has the larger population: 35.6 m (2025) compared with 32.7 m for Madagascar (2025). Source: World Bank, SP.POP.TOTL.
Which is bigger by area, Madagascar or Mozambique?
Mozambique is larger: 799,380 km² (2024) compared with 591,896 km² for Madagascar (2024). Source: World Bank, AG.SRF.TOTL.K2.
Which economy is larger, Madagascar or Mozambique?
Madagascar has the larger economy at purchasing power parity: $63.93 bn intl. (2025) compared with $60.50 bn intl. for Mozambique (2025). Source: World Bank, NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD.
Which is richer per person, Madagascar or Mozambique?
Madagascar has the higher GDP per person (PPP): $1,952 intl. (2025) compared with $1,698 intl. for Mozambique (2025). Source: World Bank, NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD.
Where do people live longer, in Madagascar or Mozambique?
Madagascar has the higher life expectancy at birth: 63.8 years (2024) compared with 63.8 years for Mozambique (2024). Source: World Bank, SP.DYN.LE00.IN.
Which spends more on the military, Madagascar or Mozambique?
Mozambique spends more on the military: $468.1 m (2025) compared with $119.7 m for Madagascar (2025). Source: World Bank, MS.MIL.XPND.CD.
Which ranks higher in the NationsTree Index, Madagascar or Mozambique?
Mozambique: 20.9 points (188th in the world); Madagascar: 19.7 points (189th). The index combines foundations, economic strength, quality of life, problems and 5-year direction from public statistics.
Benin
Burkina Faso
Chad
Guinea
Niger
Rwanda
Botswana
GabonSources
World Bank World Development Indicators and Worldwide Governance Indicators, compiling UN agencies, the IMF, WHO, SIPRI and national statistical offices; every row links to its world ranking with the source series. See Sources & licences and Methodology.
Cite as: NationsTree (2026). Madagascar vs Mozambique — country comparison. https://nationstree.org/compare/madagascar-vs-mozambique. Data as of 26 October 2026.