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Mozambique vs Rwanda
Side-by-side comparison of Mozambique and Rwanda from official statistics: size, economy, people, trade, natural resources, health, infrastructure and military, with world ranks, years and sources.
Mozambique
Sub-Saharan Africa · nation age 51 years
In short
Rwanda scores 34.3 in the NationsTree Index (149th in the world) and Mozambique scores 20.9 (188th), a gap of 13.4 points. Their trees are 3.9 m and 4.3 m tall; tree height grows with real GDP and is adjusted by the index.
Mozambique has 2.4 times the population of Rwanda. Mozambique is 30 times larger than Rwanda by land area. Mozambique and Rwanda have economies of similar size (GDP at purchasing power parity). Population: Mozambique 35.6 million and Rwanda 14.6 million (2025).
GDP per person at purchasing power parity is $4,164 in Rwanda and $1,698 in Mozambique (2025, international dollars). People in Rwanda live on average 4.2 years longer (68.0 vs 63.8 years).
Of 32 indicators reported by both countries, Mozambique ranks higher in the world on 5 and Rwanda on 27. Mozambique is clearly stronger in trade, natural resources and environment & energy. Rwanda is clearly stronger in institutions & safety, infrastructure & digital and tourism.
As a nation, Rwanda is the older of the two (statehood since 1962, 64 years), compared with Mozambique (since 1975). Over the last five years Rwanda improved faster (direction score 78 vs 20 out of 100).
Where they differ most
The indicators with the biggest gap in world position between Mozambique and Rwanda.
Mozambique
-0.5%
196th of 210
Rwandabetter
9.4%
7th of 210
DPT immunizationSociety & health
Mozambique
70%
169th of 193
Rwandabetter
98%
20th of 193
Control of corruptionInstitutions & safety
Mozambique
25.9
175th of 207
Rwandabetter
60.9
55th of 207
Air pollution (PM2.5)Environment & energy
Mozambiquebetter
13.7
72nd of 200
Rwanda
36.0
171st of 200
Government effectivenessInstitutions & safety
Mozambique
35.8
167th of 205
Rwandabetter
59.7
74th of 205
Over time
How the two countries moved against each other, from the yearly data.
Rwanda overtook Mozambique in GDP (PPP) in 2025, the latest year with data.
Rwanda overtook Mozambique in the NationsTree Index in 2013 and has stayed ahead since.
Rwanda overtook Mozambique in life expectancy in 2002 and has stayed ahead since.
Rwanda overtook Mozambique in GDP per person (PPP) in 1995 and has stayed ahead since.
Mozambique has been ahead of Rwanda in population in every year since 1990.
Strength by category
Average world percentile of the indicators in each category (0–100, direction taken into account). i
MozambiqueRwanda All indicators
Latest available value for each country with its year and world rank. Green: the better world position of the two, red: the weaker one.
| Indicator | Mozambique | Rwanda |
|---|---|---|
| Land & people | ||
| Surface area km² | 799,38034th/216 · 2024 | 26,340145th/216 · 2024 |
| Land area km² | 786,38034th/216 · 2024 | 23,763146th/216 · 2024 |
| Population people | 35.6 m46th/217 · 2025 | 14.6 m76th/217 · 2025 |
| Population growth % | 2.85%17th/217 · 2025 | 2.17%40th/217 · 2025 |
| Population density people/km² | 44.0160th/216 · 2024 | 599.917th/216 · 2024 |
| Urban population % | 37.2%178th/217 · 2025 | 30.9%195th/217 · 2025 |
| Population aged 0–14 % | 44.2%7th/217 · 2025 | 37.0%42nd/217 · 2025 |
| Population aged 65+ % | 2.7%201st/217 · 2025 | 4.0%166th/217 · 2025 |
| Economy | ||
| GDP USD | $22.34 bn128th/210 · 2025 | $16.37 bn141st/210 · 2025 |
| GDP (PPP) intl. USD | $60.50 bn129th/199 · 2025 | $60.67 bn128th/199 · 2025 |
| Real GDP (PPP, constant 2021 prices) intl. USD 2021 | $51.70 bn129th/199 · 2025 | $51.85 bn128th/199 · 2025 |
| GDP per person USD | $627206th/210 · 2025 | $1,124194th/210 · 2025 |
| GDP per person (PPP) intl. USD | $1,698196th/199 · 2025 | $4,164175th/199 · 2025 |
| GNI per person (Atlas) USD | $570197th/201 · 2025 | $1,150181st/201 · 2025 |
| GDP growth % | -0.5%196th/210 · 2025 | 9.4%7th/210 · 2025 |
| Inflation % | 4.4%131st/180 · 2025 | 5.9%144th/180 · 2025 |
| Unemployment % | 6.6%121st/187 · 2025 | 11.4%157th/187 · 2025 |
| Central government debt % of GDP | 71.8%41st/55 · 2024 | 48.4%1992 |
| General government gross debt % of GDP | 90.3%160th/189 · 2025 | 64.7%123rd/189 · 2025 |
| Government budget balance % of GDP | -5.1%150th/192 · 2025 | -4.4%140th/192 · 2025 |
| Main industries | ||
| Agriculture, forestry, fishing % of GDP | 25.6%19th/197 · 2025 | 20.3%35th/197 · 2025 |
| Industry incl. construction % of GDP | 22.1%112th/200 · 2025 | 22.0%113th/200 · 2025 |
| Manufacturing % of GDP | 6.2%140th/192 · 2025 | 8.3%120th/192 · 2025 |
| Services % of GDP | 42.0%180th/200 · 2025 | 52.3%133rd/200 · 2025 |
| Trade | ||
| Exports of goods & services USD | $9.24 bn114th/182 · 2025 | $3.53 bn143rd/182 · 2025 |
| Imports of goods & services USD | $12.45 bn112th/182 · 2025 | $5.75 bn137th/182 · 2025 |
| Exports % of GDP | 41.4%76th/183 · 2025 | 21.6%139th/183 · 2025 |
| Imports % of GDP | 55.7%62nd/183 · 2025 | 35.1%114th/183 · 2025 |
| Trade openness % of GDP | 97.1%65th/183 · 2025 | 56.7%134th/183 · 2025 |
| Fuel exports % of merchandise exports | 54.2%21st/170 · 2025 | 0.1%137th/170 · 2022 |
| Manufactures exports % of merchandise exports | 4.9%154th/171 · 2025 | 10.4%130th/171 · 2022 |
| Food exports % of merchandise exports | 12.4%104th/171 · 2025 | 27.2%54th/171 · 2022 |
| Ores & metals exports % of merchandise exports | 27.5%20th/171 · 2025 | 20.9%25th/171 · 2022 |
| High-tech exports % of manufactured exports | 3.6%110th/168 · 2024 | 4.8%104th/168 · 2022 |
| Current account balance % of GDP | -13.5%174th/191 · 2025 | -9.8%170th/191 · 2025 |
| Foreign direct investment, inflows % of GDP | 25.8%9th/196 · 2025 | 5.9%36th/196 · 2025 |
| Natural resources | ||
| Natural resource rents % of GDP | 14.9%34th/209 · 2021 | 4.0%81st/209 · 2021 |
| Oil rents % of GDP | 0.08%78th/197 · 2021 | 0.00%120th/197 · 2021 |
| Natural gas rents % of GDP | 3.57%18th/197 · 2021 | 0.05%66th/197 · 2021 |
| Coal rents % of GDP | 3.78%3rd/195 · 2021 | 0.00%68th/195 · 2021 |
| Mineral rents % of GDP | 0.14%67th/209 · 2021 | 0.00%91st/209 · 2021 |
| Forest rents % of GDP | 7.34%10th/209 · 2021 | 3.97%20th/209 · 2021 |
| Arable land % of land area | 10.5%99th/206 · 2024 | 48.9%7th/206 · 2024 |
| Renewable freshwater per person m³ | 3,07183rd/183 · 2022 | 696146th/183 · 2022 |
| Tourism | ||
| International tourist arrivals arrivals | 2.0 m65th/194 · 2019 | 1.6 m77th/194 · 2019 |
| Tourism receipts USD | $113.0 m139th/175 · 2020 | $212.0 m124th/175 · 2020 |
| Tourism receipts % of exports | 2.5%119th/168 · 2020 | 11.0%53rd/168 · 2020 |
| Society & health | ||
| Life expectancy years | 63.8199th/217 · 2024 | 68.0167th/217 · 2024 |
| Under-5 mortality per 1,000 births | 59.4175th/196 · 2024 | 37.7151st/196 · 2024 |
| Physicians per 1,000 people | 0.18150th/174 · 2022 | 0.09164th/174 · 2022 |
| Hospital beds per 1,000 people | 0.7129th/145 · 2021 | 0.8126th/145 · 2023 |
| DPT immunization % of children 12–23 months | 70%169th/193 · 2024 | 98%20th/193 · 2024 |
| Completed lower secondary, 25+ % of adults | 17.8%144th/153 · 2022 | 18.0%143rd/153 · 2022 |
| Secondary enrolment % gross | 37.2%2017 | 48.8%157th/173 · 2024 |
| Social protection coverage (incl. pensions) % of population | 5.9%55th/55 · 2019 | 28.4%2013 |
| Old-age dependency ratio % of working-age population | 5.1%197th/217 · 2025 | 6.8%163rd/217 · 2025 |
| Health spending % of GDP | 8.5%52nd/193 · 2023 | 5.1%123rd/193 · 2023 |
| Adult literacy % | 61.7%86th/98 · 2022 | 78.8%67th/98 · 2022 |
| Tertiary enrolment % gross | 7.5%2018 | 9.4%142nd/150 · 2024 |
| Human Development Index index 0–1 | 0.493182nd/193 · 2023 | 0.578159th/193 · 2023 |
| Income inequality (Gini) index | 49.6103rd/108 · 2022 | 39.483rd/108 · 2023 |
| Extreme poverty % of population | 81.4%108th/108 · 2022 | 38.6%96th/108 · 2023 |
| Infrastructure & digital | ||
| Access to electricity % of population | 36.9%206th/215 · 2024 | 72.0%176th/215 · 2024 |
| Safely managed drinking water % of population | 27.5%132nd/150 · 2024 | — |
| Safely managed sanitation % of population | 33.9%104th/144 · 2024 | — |
| Internet users % of population | 20.5%175th/186 · 2024 | 31.7%167th/186 · 2024 |
| Mobile subscriptions per 100 people | 50201st/210 · 2024 | 93154th/210 · 2024 |
| Fixed broadband per 100 people | 0.1191st/208 · 2024 | 0.6177th/208 · 2024 |
| Trade & transport infrastructure quality (LPI) score 1–5 | 2.242016 | 2.9058th/164 · 2022 |
| Rail lines route-km | 3,1162011 | — |
| Air passengers carried passengers | 680,108111th/161 · 2023 | 1.5 m87th/161 · 2023 |
| Environment & energy | ||
| CO₂ emissions per person t CO₂e | 0.2929th/203 · 2024 | 0.1620th/203 · 2024 |
| Renewable energy % of final energy use | 76.9%21st/212 · 2021 | 79.9%17th/212 · 2022 |
| Air pollution (PM2.5) µg/m³ | 13.772nd/200 · 2023 | 36.0171st/200 · 2023 |
| Forest area % of land area | 41.3%76th/214 · 2024 | 26.1%116th/214 · 2024 |
| Energy use per person kg oil eq. | 364134th/149 · 2024 | 359135th/149 · 2024 |
| Institutions & safety | ||
| Government effectiveness score 0–100 | 35.8167th/205 · 2025 | 59.774th/205 · 2025 |
| Control of corruption score 0–100 | 25.9175th/207 · 2025 | 60.955th/207 · 2025 |
| Rule of law score 0–100 | 39.2176th/207 · 2025 | 60.294th/207 · 2025 |
| Political stability score 0–100 | 36.6188th/207 · 2025 | 67.7105th/207 · 2025 |
| Regulatory quality score 0–100 | 42.4159th/205 · 2025 | 59.976th/205 · 2025 |
| Voice & accountability score 0–100 | 41.2146th/205 · 2025 | 43.7141st/205 · 2025 |
| Homicide rate per 100,000 | 3.62011 | 3.686th/145 · 2020 |
| Military | ||
| Military expenditure USD | $468.1 m107th/156 · 2025 | $191.2 m129th/156 · 2025 |
| Military expenditure % of GDP | 1.9%73rd/156 · 2025 | 1.3%101st/156 · 2025 |
| Military expenditure % of government spending | 6.0%57th/154 · 2025 | 4.7%87th/154 · 2025 |
| Armed forces personnel people | 11,000128th/170 · 2020 | 35,00084th/170 · 2020 |
| Armed forces personnel % of labour force | 0.08%164th/168 · 2020 | 0.70%94th/168 · 2020 |
| Arms imports (SIPRI TIV) TIV | 14.0 m99th/163 · 2025 | 37.0 m70th/163 · 2023 |
| Science & innovation | ||
| R&D spending % of GDP | 0.31%2015 | 0.78%49th/110 · 2023 |
| Patent applications by residents applications | 10104th/137 · 2024 | 8109th/137 · 2024 |
| Scientific articles articles | 205127th/197 · 2023 | 434107th/197 · 2023 |
Questions and answers
Which has more people, Mozambique or Rwanda?
Mozambique has the larger population: 35.6 m (2025) compared with 14.6 m for Rwanda (2025). Source: World Bank, SP.POP.TOTL.
Which is bigger by area, Mozambique or Rwanda?
Mozambique is larger: 799,380 km² (2024) compared with 26,340 km² for Rwanda (2024). Source: World Bank, AG.SRF.TOTL.K2.
Which economy is larger, Mozambique or Rwanda?
Rwanda has the larger economy at purchasing power parity: $60.67 bn intl. (2025) compared with $60.50 bn intl. for Mozambique (2025). Source: World Bank, NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD.
Which is richer per person, Mozambique or Rwanda?
Rwanda has the higher GDP per person (PPP): $4,164 intl. (2025) compared with $1,698 intl. for Mozambique (2025). Source: World Bank, NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD.
Where do people live longer, in Mozambique or Rwanda?
Rwanda has the higher life expectancy at birth: 68.0 years (2024) compared with 63.8 years for Mozambique (2024). Source: World Bank, SP.DYN.LE00.IN.
Which spends more on the military, Mozambique or Rwanda?
Mozambique spends more on the military: $468.1 m (2025) compared with $191.2 m for Rwanda (2025). Source: World Bank, MS.MIL.XPND.CD.
Which ranks higher in the NationsTree Index, Mozambique or Rwanda?
Rwanda: 34.3 points (149th in the world); Mozambique: 20.9 points (188th). The index combines foundations, economic strength, quality of life, problems and 5-year direction from public statistics.
Botswana
Chad
Gabon
Madagascar
NigerSources
World Bank World Development Indicators and Worldwide Governance Indicators, compiling UN agencies, the IMF, WHO, SIPRI and national statistical offices; every row links to its world ranking with the source series. See Sources & licences and Methodology.
Cite as: NationsTree (2026). Mozambique vs Rwanda — country comparison. https://nationstree.org/compare/mozambique-vs-rwanda. Data as of 26 October 2026.