Macao vs Mongolia
Side-by-side comparison of Macao and Mongolia from official statistics: size, economy, people, trade, natural resources, health, infrastructure and military, with world ranks, years and sources.
Mongolia
East Asia & Pacific · nation age 820 years
In short
Macao scores 70.9 in the NationsTree Index (33rd in the world) and Mongolia scores 50.9 (85th), a gap of 20.0 points. Their trees are 6.3 m and 5.1 m tall; tree height grows with real GDP and is adjusted by the index.
Mongolia has 5.2 times the population of Macao. Mongolia is 46,970 times larger than Macao by land area. The economy of Macao is 27% larger than that of Mongolia (GDP at purchasing power parity). Population: Macao 685,900 and Mongolia 3.6 million (2025).
GDP per person at purchasing power parity is $137,031 in Macao and $20,798 in Mongolia (2025, international dollars). People in Macao live on average 10.9 years longer (83.3 vs 72.4 years).
Of 27 indicators reported by both countries, Macao ranks higher in the world on 23 and Mongolia on 4. Macao is clearly stronger in tourism, infrastructure & digital and institutions & safety. Mongolia is clearly stronger in natural resources, land & people and main industries.
As a nation, Mongolia is the older of the two (statehood since 1206, 820 years), compared with Macao (since 1557). Over the last five years Macao improved faster (direction score 67 vs 61 out of 100).
Where they differ most
The indicators with the biggest gap in world position between Macao and Mongolia.
Over time
How the two countries moved against each other, from the yearly data.
Macao overtook Mongolia in GDP (PPP) in 2023 and has stayed ahead since.
Macao has been ahead of Mongolia in the NationsTree Index in every year since 2000.
Macao has been ahead of Mongolia in GDP per person (PPP) and life expectancy in every year since 1990.
Mongolia has been ahead of Macao in population in every year since 1990.
Strength by category
Average world percentile of the indicators in each category (0–100, direction taken into account). i
All indicators
Latest available value for each country with its year and world rank. Green: the better world position of the two, red: the weaker one.
| Indicator | ||
|---|---|---|
| Land & people | ||
| Surface area km² | 33213th/216 · 2024 | 1,564,11618th/216 · 2024 |
| Land area km² | 33212th/216 · 2024 | 1,558,50118th/216 · 2024 |
| Population people | 685,900167th/217 · 2025 | 3.6 m132nd/217 · 2025 |
| Population growth % | -0.16%184th/217 · 2025 | 1.25%83rd/217 · 2025 |
| Population density people/km² | 20,630.61st/216 · 2024 | 2.3215th/216 · 2024 |
| Urban population % | 100.0%1st/217 · 2025 | 71.1%85th/217 · 2025 |
| Population aged 0–14 % | 13.7%201st/217 · 2025 | 31.6%62nd/217 · 2025 |
| Population aged 65+ % | 15.1%66th/217 · 2025 | 5.4%142nd/217 · 2025 |
| Economy | ||
| GDP USD | $52.06 bn94th/210 · 2025 | $25.37 bn123rd/210 · 2025 |
| GDP (PPP) intl. USD | $93.99 bn105th/199 · 2025 | $74.23 bn115th/199 · 2025 |
| Real GDP (PPP, constant 2021 prices) intl. USD 2021 | $80.32 bn105th/199 · 2025 | $63.43 bn115th/199 · 2025 |
| GDP per person USD | $75,90214th/210 · 2025 | $7,108119th/210 · 2025 |
| GDP per person (PPP) intl. USD | $137,0314th/199 · 2025 | $20,798102nd/199 · 2025 |
| GNI per person (Atlas) USD | $69,92014th/201 · 2024 | $6,210118th/201 · 2025 |
| GDP growth % | 4.7%57th/210 · 2025 | 6.8%21st/210 · 2025 |
| Inflation % | 0.3%22nd/180 · 2025 | 8.6%154th/180 · 2025 |
| Unemployment % | 2.3%23rd/187 · 2025 | 5.2%95th/187 · 2025 |
| Central government debt % of GDP | — | 43.3%20th/55 · 2024 |
| General government gross debt % of GDP | 0.0%1st/189 · 2025 | 45.0%75th/189 · 2025 |
| Government budget balance % of GDP | 8.3%4th/192 · 2025 | 2.2%23rd/192 · 2025 |
| Main industries | ||
| Agriculture, forestry, fishing % of GDP | — | 8.9%75th/197 · 2025 |
| Industry incl. construction % of GDP | 4.7%198th/200 · 2024 | 37.2%22nd/200 · 2025 |
| Manufacturing % of GDP | 0.6%187th/192 · 2024 | 5.9%144th/192 · 2025 |
| Services % of GDP | 92.0%2nd/200 · 2024 | 44.3%171st/200 · 2025 |
| Trade | ||
| Exports of goods & services USD | $48.05 bn68th/182 · 2025 | $17.27 bn94th/182 · 2025 |
| Imports of goods & services USD | $24.39 bn90th/182 · 2025 | $15.89 bn101st/182 · 2025 |
| Exports % of GDP | 92.3%12th/183 · 2025 | 68.1%32nd/183 · 2025 |
| Imports % of GDP | 46.9%88th/183 · 2025 | 62.6%51st/183 · 2025 |
| Trade openness % of GDP | 139.1%27th/183 · 2025 | 130.7%33rd/183 · 2025 |
| Fuel exports % of merchandise exports | 0.0%165th/170 · 2023 | 61.1%19th/170 · 2023 |
| Manufactures exports % of merchandise exports | 5.9%147th/171 · 2025 | 1.7%164th/171 · 2023 |
| Food exports % of merchandise exports | 37.2%43rd/171 · 2025 | 3.3%146th/171 · 2023 |
| Ores & metals exports % of merchandise exports | 45.8%9th/171 · 2025 | 26.3%21st/171 · 2023 |
| High-tech exports % of manufactured exports | 0.0%166th/168 · 2024 | 22.5%29th/168 · 2023 |
| Current account balance % of GDP | 39.6%1st/191 · 2025 | -8.4%166th/191 · 2025 |
| Foreign direct investment, inflows % of GDP | 2.2%95th/196 · 2025 | 10.8%15th/196 · 2025 |
| Natural resources | ||
| Natural resource rents % of GDP | 0.0%184th/209 · 2021 | 33.1%8th/209 · 2021 |
| Oil rents % of GDP | 0.00%120th/197 · 2021 | 1.50%42nd/197 · 2021 |
| Natural gas rents % of GDP | 0.00%100th/197 · 2021 | 0.00%100th/197 · 2021 |
| Coal rents % of GDP | 0.00%68th/195 · 2021 | 4.89%2nd/195 · 2021 |
| Mineral rents % of GDP | 0.00%91st/209 · 2021 | 26.57%3rd/209 · 2021 |
| Forest rents % of GDP | 0.00%173rd/209 · 2021 | 0.17%96th/209 · 2021 |
| Arable land % of land area | — | 0.7%191st/206 · 2024 |
| Renewable freshwater per person m³ | — | 10,13544th/183 · 2022 |
| Tourism | ||
| International tourist arrivals arrivals | 5.9 m33rd/194 · 2020 | 66,900176th/194 · 2020 |
| Tourism receipts USD | $9.44 bn21st/175 · 2020 | $49.0 m155th/175 · 2020 |
| Tourism receipts % of exports | 60.6%13th/168 · 2020 | 0.6%159th/168 · 2020 |
| Outbound trips departures | 125,00096th/107 · 2020 | — |
| Society & health | ||
| Life expectancy years | 83.316th/217 · 2024 | 72.4134th/217 · 2024 |
| Under-5 mortality per 1,000 births | — | 13.493rd/196 · 2024 |
| Physicians per 1,000 people | — | 4.1328th/174 · 2022 |
| Hospital beds per 1,000 people | — | 8.64th/145 · 2023 |
| DPT immunization % of children 12–23 months | — | 96%48th/193 · 2024 |
| Completed lower secondary, 25+ % of adults | 73.3%2016 | 92.8%39th/153 · 2024 |
| Secondary enrolment % gross | 94.7%82nd/173 · 2024 | 96.8%74th/173 · 2023 |
| Social protection coverage (incl. pensions) % of population | — | 92.6%2nd/55 · 2020 |
| Old-age dependency ratio % of working-age population | 21.2%70th/217 · 2025 | 8.6%141st/217 · 2025 |
| Health spending % of GDP | — | 6.1%102nd/193 · 2023 |
| Adult literacy % | 96.5%2016 | 98.6%17th/98 · 2024 |
| Tertiary enrolment % gross | 141.9%2nd/150 · 2024 | 69.0%51st/150 · 2024 |
| Human Development Index index 0–1 | — | 0.747104th/193 · 2023 |
| Income inequality (Gini) index | — | 31.432nd/108 · 2022 |
| Extreme poverty % of population | — | 0.4%27th/108 · 2022 |
| Infrastructure & digital | ||
| Access to electricity % of population | 100.0%1st/215 · 2024 | 99.1%134th/215 · 2024 |
| Safely managed drinking water % of population | 100.0%1st/150 · 2024 | 43.4%117th/150 · 2024 |
| Safely managed sanitation % of population | 80.0%50th/144 · 2024 | 69.9%64th/144 · 2024 |
| Internet users % of population | 89.8%56th/186 · 2024 | 85.1%83rd/186 · 2024 |
| Mobile subscriptions per 100 people | 2016th/210 · 2024 | 14139th/210 · 2024 |
| Fixed broadband per 100 people | 29.959th/208 · 2024 | 15.899th/208 · 2024 |
| Trade & transport infrastructure quality (LPI) score 1–5 | — | 2.30117th/164 · 2022 |
| Rail lines route-km | — | 1,82154th/82 · 2021 |
| Air passengers carried passengers | 2.1 m80th/161 · 2023 | 773,702106th/161 · 2023 |
| Environment & energy | ||
| CO₂ emissions per person t CO₂e | 2.53101st/203 · 2024 | 7.85177th/203 · 2024 |
| Renewable energy % of final energy use | 11.0%141st/212 · 2022 | 3.0%174th/212 · 2021 |
| Air pollution (PM2.5) µg/m³ | — | 42.7182nd/200 · 2023 |
| Forest area % of land area | — | 9.1%169th/214 · 2024 |
| Energy use per person kg oil eq. | — | 2,39648th/149 · 2024 |
| Institutions & safety | ||
| Government effectiveness score 0–100 | 76.133rd/205 · 2025 | 48.1125th/205 · 2025 |
| Control of corruption score 0–100 | 59.662nd/207 · 2025 | 39.0128th/207 · 2025 |
| Rule of law score 0–100 | 72.745th/207 · 2025 | 56.7103rd/207 · 2025 |
| Political stability score 0–100 | 84.337th/207 · 2025 | 75.574th/207 · 2025 |
| Regulatory quality score 0–100 | 79.317th/205 · 2025 | 54.697th/205 · 2025 |
| Voice & accountability score 0–100 | 50.0126th/205 · 2025 | 62.087th/205 · 2025 |
| Homicide rate per 100,000 | 0.612th/145 · 2023 | 5.9101st/145 · 2023 |
| Military | ||
| Military expenditure USD | — | $221.3 m124th/156 · 2025 |
| Military expenditure % of GDP | — | 0.9%124th/156 · 2025 |
| Military expenditure % of government spending | — | 2.5%131st/154 · 2025 |
| Armed forces personnel people | — | 18,000110th/170 · 2020 |
| Armed forces personnel % of labour force | — | 1.27%52nd/168 · 2020 |
| Arms imports (SIPRI TIV) TIV | — | 3.0 m141st/163 · 2022 |
| Science & innovation | ||
| R&D spending % of GDP | 0.31%72nd/110 · 2024 | 0.08%103rd/110 · 2022 |
| Patent applications by residents applications | 8109th/137 · 2024 | 8972nd/137 · 2024 |
| Scientific articles articles | — | 277117th/197 · 2023 |
Questions and answers
Which has more people, Macao or Mongolia?
Mongolia has the larger population: 3.6 m (2025) compared with 685,900 for Macao (2025). Source: World Bank, SP.POP.TOTL.
Which is bigger by area, Macao or Mongolia?
Mongolia is larger: 1,564,116 km² (2024) compared with 33 km² for Macao (2024). Source: World Bank, AG.SRF.TOTL.K2.
Which economy is larger, Macao or Mongolia?
Macao has the larger economy at purchasing power parity: $93.99 bn intl. (2025) compared with $74.23 bn intl. for Mongolia (2025). Source: World Bank, NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD.
Which is richer per person, Macao or Mongolia?
Macao has the higher GDP per person (PPP): $137,031 intl. (2025) compared with $20,798 intl. for Mongolia (2025). Source: World Bank, NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD.
Where do people live longer, in Macao or Mongolia?
Macao has the higher life expectancy at birth: 83.3 years (2024) compared with 72.4 years for Mongolia (2024). Source: World Bank, SP.DYN.LE00.IN.
Which ranks higher in the NationsTree Index, Macao or Mongolia?
Macao: 70.9 points (33rd in the world); Mongolia: 50.9 points (85th). The index combines foundations, economic strength, quality of life, problems and 5-year direction from public statistics.
Sources
World Bank World Development Indicators and Worldwide Governance Indicators, compiling UN agencies, the IMF, WHO, SIPRI and national statistical offices; every row links to its world ranking with the source series. See Sources & licences and Methodology.
Cite as: NationsTree (2026). Macao vs Mongolia — country comparison. https://nationstree.org/compare/macao-vs-mongolia. Data as of 26 October 2026.