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Brunei vs Mongolia
Side-by-side comparison of Brunei and Mongolia from official statistics: size, economy, people, trade, natural resources, health, infrastructure and military, with world ranks, years and sources.
Mongolia
East Asia & Pacific · nation age 820 years
In short
Brunei scores 54.8 in the NationsTree Index (69th in the world) and Mongolia scores 50.9 (85th), a gap of 3.9 points. Their trees are 4.0 m and 5.1 m tall; tree height grows with real GDP and is adjusted by the index.
Mongolia has 7.7 times the population of Brunei. Mongolia is 271 times larger than Brunei by land area. The economy of Mongolia is 72% larger than that of Brunei (GDP at purchasing power parity). Population: Brunei 466,330 and Mongolia 3.6 million (2025).
GDP per person at purchasing power parity is $92,430 in Brunei and $20,798 in Mongolia (2025, international dollars). People in Brunei live on average 3.1 years longer (75.5 vs 72.4 years).
Of 32 indicators reported by both countries, Brunei ranks higher in the world on 20 and Mongolia on 12. Brunei is clearly stronger in military, environment & energy and tourism. Mongolia is clearly stronger in land & people, trade and society & health.
As a nation, Mongolia is the older of the two (statehood since 1206, 820 years), compared with Brunei (since 1368). Over the last five years Mongolia improved faster (direction score 61 vs 6 out of 100).
Where they differ most
The indicators with the biggest gap in world position between Brunei and Mongolia.
Brunei
-17.7%
190th of 192
Mongoliabetter
2.2%
23rd of 192
InflationEconomy
Bruneibetter
-0.3%
9th of 180
Mongolia
8.6%
154th of 180
Air pollution (PM2.5)Environment & energy
Bruneibetter
7.6
30th of 200
Mongolia
42.7
182nd of 200
High-tech exportsTrade
Brunei
1.1%
147th of 168
Mongoliabetter
22.5%
29th of 168
Access to electricityInfrastructure & digital
Bruneibetter
100.0%
1st of 215
Mongolia
99.1%
134th of 215
Over time
How the two countries moved against each other, from the yearly data.
Mongolia overtook Brunei in GDP (PPP) in 2015 and has stayed ahead since.
Brunei has been ahead of Mongolia in the NationsTree Index in every year since 1996.
Brunei has been ahead of Mongolia in GDP per person (PPP) and life expectancy in every year since 1990.
Mongolia has been ahead of Brunei in population in every year since 1990.
Strength by category
Average world percentile of the indicators in each category (0–100, direction taken into account). i
BruneiMongolia All indicators
Latest available value for each country with its year and world rank. Green: the better world position of the two, red: the weaker one.
| Indicator | Brunei | Mongolia |
|---|---|---|
| Land & people | ||
| Surface area km² | 5,770168th/216 · 2024 | 1,564,11618th/216 · 2024 |
| Land area km² | 5,270167th/216 · 2024 | 1,558,50118th/216 · 2024 |
| Population people | 466,330173rd/217 · 2025 | 3.6 m132nd/217 · 2025 |
| Population growth % | 0.78%116th/217 · 2025 | 1.25%83rd/217 · 2025 |
| Population density people/km² | 87.8114th/216 · 2024 | 2.3215th/216 · 2024 |
| Urban population % | 75.0%74th/217 · 2025 | 71.1%85th/217 · 2025 |
| Population aged 0–14 % | 20.6%120th/217 · 2025 | 31.6%62nd/217 · 2025 |
| Population aged 65+ % | 7.2%122nd/217 · 2025 | 5.4%142nd/217 · 2025 |
| Economy | ||
| GDP USD | $15.03 bn146th/210 · 2025 | $25.37 bn123rd/210 · 2025 |
| GDP (PPP) intl. USD | $43.10 bn137th/199 · 2025 | $74.23 bn115th/199 · 2025 |
| Real GDP (PPP, constant 2021 prices) intl. USD 2021 | $36.83 bn138th/199 · 2025 | $63.43 bn115th/199 · 2025 |
| GDP per person USD | $32,23555th/210 · 2025 | $7,108119th/210 · 2025 |
| GDP per person (PPP) intl. USD | $92,43010th/199 · 2025 | $20,798102nd/199 · 2025 |
| GNI per person (Atlas) USD | $34,79044th/201 · 2025 | $6,210118th/201 · 2025 |
| GDP growth % | 0.7%182nd/210 · 2025 | 6.8%21st/210 · 2025 |
| Inflation % | -0.3%9th/180 · 2025 | 8.6%154th/180 · 2025 |
| Unemployment % | 5.3%96th/187 · 2025 | 5.2%95th/187 · 2025 |
| Central government debt % of GDP | — | 43.3%20th/55 · 2024 |
| General government gross debt % of GDP | 1.6%3rd/189 · 2025 | 45.0%75th/189 · 2025 |
| Government budget balance % of GDP | -17.7%190th/192 · 2025 | 2.2%23rd/192 · 2025 |
| Main industries | ||
| Agriculture, forestry, fishing % of GDP | 1.2%166th/197 · 2025 | 8.9%75th/197 · 2025 |
| Industry incl. construction % of GDP | 60.0%3rd/200 · 2025 | 37.2%22nd/200 · 2025 |
| Manufacturing % of GDP | 9.9%102nd/192 · 2025 | 5.9%144th/192 · 2025 |
| Services % of GDP | 40.2%185th/200 · 2025 | 44.3%171st/200 · 2025 |
| Trade | ||
| Exports of goods & services USD | $10.76 bn110th/182 · 2025 | $17.27 bn94th/182 · 2025 |
| Imports of goods & services USD | $7.82 bn125th/182 · 2025 | $15.89 bn101st/182 · 2025 |
| Exports % of GDP | 71.6%26th/183 · 2025 | 68.1%32nd/183 · 2025 |
| Imports % of GDP | 52.0%75th/183 · 2025 | 62.6%51st/183 · 2025 |
| Trade openness % of GDP | 123.6%40th/183 · 2025 | 130.7%33rd/183 · 2025 |
| Fuel exports % of merchandise exports | 75.0%12th/170 · 2025 | 61.1%19th/170 · 2023 |
| Manufactures exports % of merchandise exports | 24.3%98th/171 · 2025 | 1.7%164th/171 · 2023 |
| Food exports % of merchandise exports | 0.1%171st/171 · 2025 | 3.3%146th/171 · 2023 |
| Ores & metals exports % of merchandise exports | 0.2%159th/171 · 2025 | 26.3%21st/171 · 2023 |
| High-tech exports % of manufactured exports | 1.1%147th/168 · 2024 | 22.5%29th/168 · 2023 |
| Current account balance % of GDP | 18.0%7th/191 · 2025 | -8.4%166th/191 · 2025 |
| Foreign direct investment, inflows % of GDP | 0.4%162nd/196 · 2025 | 10.8%15th/196 · 2025 |
| Natural resources | ||
| Natural resource rents % of GDP | 24.3%18th/209 · 2021 | 33.1%8th/209 · 2021 |
| Oil rents % of GDP | 10.37%19th/197 · 2021 | 1.50%42nd/197 · 2021 |
| Natural gas rents % of GDP | 13.86%2nd/197 · 2021 | 0.00%100th/197 · 2021 |
| Coal rents % of GDP | 0.00%68th/195 · 2021 | 4.89%2nd/195 · 2021 |
| Mineral rents % of GDP | 0.00%91st/209 · 2021 | 26.57%3rd/209 · 2021 |
| Forest rents % of GDP | 0.05%129th/209 · 2021 | 0.17%96th/209 · 2021 |
| Arable land % of land area | 0.8%189th/206 · 2024 | 0.7%191st/206 · 2024 |
| Renewable freshwater per person m³ | 18,66633rd/183 · 2022 | 10,13544th/183 · 2022 |
| Tourism | ||
| International tourist arrivals arrivals | 1.1 m95th/194 · 2020 | 66,900176th/194 · 2020 |
| Tourism receipts USD | $190.0 m129th/175 · 2018 | $49.0 m155th/175 · 2020 |
| Tourism receipts % of exports | 2.7%114th/168 · 2018 | 0.6%159th/168 · 2020 |
| Society & health | ||
| Life expectancy years | 75.5102nd/217 · 2024 | 72.4134th/217 · 2024 |
| Under-5 mortality per 1,000 births | 9.976th/196 · 2024 | 13.493rd/196 · 2024 |
| Physicians per 1,000 people | 1.8983rd/174 · 2021 | 4.1328th/174 · 2022 |
| Hospital beds per 1,000 people | 3.647th/145 · 2023 | 8.64th/145 · 2023 |
| DPT immunization % of children 12–23 months | 99%1st/193 · 2024 | 96%48th/193 · 2024 |
| Completed lower secondary, 25+ % of adults | 88.7%54th/153 · 2023 | 92.8%39th/153 · 2024 |
| Secondary enrolment % gross | 91.8%92nd/173 · 2023 | 96.8%74th/173 · 2023 |
| Social protection coverage (incl. pensions) % of population | — | 92.6%2nd/55 · 2020 |
| Old-age dependency ratio % of working-age population | 10.0%132nd/217 · 2025 | 8.6%141st/217 · 2025 |
| Health spending % of GDP | 2.2%191st/193 · 2023 | 6.1%102nd/193 · 2023 |
| Adult literacy % | 96.1%2011 | 98.6%17th/98 · 2024 |
| Tertiary enrolment % gross | 36.4%100th/150 · 2023 | 69.0%51st/150 · 2024 |
| Human Development Index index 0–1 | 0.83760th/193 · 2023 | 0.747104th/193 · 2023 |
| Income inequality (Gini) index | — | 31.432nd/108 · 2022 |
| Extreme poverty % of population | — | 0.4%27th/108 · 2022 |
| Infrastructure & digital | ||
| Access to electricity % of population | 100.0%1st/215 · 2024 | 99.1%134th/215 · 2024 |
| Safely managed drinking water % of population | — | 43.4%117th/150 · 2024 |
| Safely managed sanitation % of population | — | 69.9%64th/144 · 2024 |
| Internet users % of population | 96.3%18th/186 · 2024 | 85.1%83rd/186 · 2024 |
| Mobile subscriptions per 100 people | 11896th/210 · 2024 | 14139th/210 · 2024 |
| Fixed broadband per 100 people | 21.286th/208 · 2024 | 15.899th/208 · 2024 |
| Trade & transport infrastructure quality (LPI) score 1–5 | 2.4694th/164 · 2018 | 2.30117th/164 · 2022 |
| Rail lines route-km | — | 1,82154th/82 · 2021 |
| Air passengers carried passengers | 820,886103rd/161 · 2023 | 773,702106th/161 · 2023 |
| Environment & energy | ||
| CO₂ emissions per person t CO₂e | 20.24199th/203 · 2024 | 7.85177th/203 · 2024 |
| Renewable energy % of final energy use | 0.0%207th/212 · 2021 | 3.0%174th/212 · 2021 |
| Air pollution (PM2.5) µg/m³ | 7.630th/200 · 2023 | 42.7182nd/200 · 2023 |
| Forest area % of land area | 72.1%16th/214 · 2024 | 9.1%169th/214 · 2024 |
| Energy use per person kg oil eq. | 8,9306th/149 · 2024 | 2,39648th/149 · 2024 |
| Institutions & safety | ||
| Government effectiveness score 0–100 | 70.644th/205 · 2025 | 48.1125th/205 · 2025 |
| Control of corruption score 0–100 | 68.138th/207 · 2025 | 39.0128th/207 · 2025 |
| Rule of law score 0–100 | 69.755th/207 · 2025 | 56.7103rd/207 · 2025 |
| Political stability score 0–100 | 91.95th/207 · 2025 | 75.574th/207 · 2025 |
| Regulatory quality score 0–100 | 72.137th/205 · 2025 | 54.697th/205 · 2025 |
| Voice & accountability score 0–100 | 40.2149th/205 · 2025 | 62.087th/205 · 2025 |
| Homicide rate per 100,000 | 0.52013 | 5.9101st/145 · 2023 |
| Military | ||
| Military expenditure USD | $560.3 m102nd/156 · 2024 | $221.3 m124th/156 · 2025 |
| Military expenditure % of GDP | 3.7%15th/156 · 2024 | 0.9%124th/156 · 2025 |
| Military expenditure % of government spending | 12.2%23rd/154 · 2024 | 2.5%131st/154 · 2025 |
| Armed forces personnel people | 8,000140th/170 · 2020 | 18,000110th/170 · 2020 |
| Armed forces personnel % of labour force | 3.57%12th/168 · 2020 | 1.27%52nd/168 · 2020 |
| Arms imports (SIPRI TIV) TIV | 28.0 m83rd/163 · 2024 | 3.0 m141st/163 · 2022 |
| Arms exports (SIPRI TIV) TIV | 12.0 m2016 | — |
| Science & innovation | ||
| R&D spending % of GDP | 0.28%2018 | 0.08%103rd/110 · 2022 |
| Patent applications by residents applications | 1126th/137 · 2024 | 8972nd/137 · 2024 |
| Scientific articles articles | 50298th/197 · 2023 | 277117th/197 · 2023 |
Questions and answers
Which has more people, Brunei or Mongolia?
Mongolia has the larger population: 3.6 m (2025) compared with 466,330 for Brunei (2025). Source: World Bank, SP.POP.TOTL.
Which is bigger by area, Brunei or Mongolia?
Mongolia is larger: 1,564,116 km² (2024) compared with 5,770 km² for Brunei (2024). Source: World Bank, AG.SRF.TOTL.K2.
Which economy is larger, Brunei or Mongolia?
Mongolia has the larger economy at purchasing power parity: $74.23 bn intl. (2025) compared with $43.10 bn intl. for Brunei (2025). Source: World Bank, NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD.
Which is richer per person, Brunei or Mongolia?
Brunei has the higher GDP per person (PPP): $92,430 intl. (2025) compared with $20,798 intl. for Mongolia (2025). Source: World Bank, NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD.
Where do people live longer, in Brunei or Mongolia?
Brunei has the higher life expectancy at birth: 75.5 years (2024) compared with 72.4 years for Mongolia (2024). Source: World Bank, SP.DYN.LE00.IN.
Which spends more on the military, Brunei or Mongolia?
Brunei spends more on the military: $560.3 m (2024) compared with $221.3 m for Mongolia (2025). Source: World Bank, MS.MIL.XPND.CD.
Which ranks higher in the NationsTree Index, Brunei or Mongolia?
Brunei: 54.8 points (69th in the world); Mongolia: 50.9 points (85th). The index combines foundations, economic strength, quality of life, problems and 5-year direction from public statistics.
Fiji
Laos
Macao
Papua New Guinea
CambodiaSources
World Bank World Development Indicators and Worldwide Governance Indicators, compiling UN agencies, the IMF, WHO, SIPRI and national statistical offices; every row links to its world ranking with the source series. See Sources & licences and Methodology.
Cite as: NationsTree (2026). Brunei vs Mongolia — country comparison. https://nationstree.org/compare/brunei-vs-mongolia. Data as of 26 October 2026.