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Indonesia vs Japan
Side-by-side comparison of Indonesia and Japan from official statistics: size, economy, people, trade, natural resources, health, infrastructure and military, with world ranks, years and sources.
Indonesia
East Asia & Pacific · nation age 81 years
In short
Japan scores 79.3 in the NationsTree Index (6th in the world) and Indonesia scores 56.1 (65th), a gap of 23.2 points. Their trees are 43 m and 57 m tall; tree height grows with real GDP and is adjusted by the index.
Indonesia has 2.3 times the population of Japan. Indonesia is 5.1 times larger than Japan by land area. The economy of Japan is 36% larger than that of Indonesia (GDP at purchasing power parity). Population: Indonesia 285.7 million and Japan 123.4 million (2025).
GDP per person at purchasing power parity is $55,422 in Japan and $17,660 in Indonesia (2025, international dollars). People in Japan live on average 12.7 years longer (84.0 vs 71.3 years).
Of 35 indicators reported by both countries, Indonesia ranks higher in the world on 6 and Japan on 29. Indonesia is clearly stronger in natural resources. Japan is clearly stronger in society & health, institutions & safety and infrastructure & digital.
As a nation, Japan is the older of the two (statehood since 250, 1,776 years), compared with Indonesia (since 1945). Over the last five years Indonesia improved faster (direction score 82 vs 40 out of 100).
Where they differ most
The indicators with the biggest gap in world position between Indonesia and Japan.
Indonesia
78%
150th of 193
Japanbetter
99%
1st of 193
Political stabilityInstitutions & safety
Indonesia
52.7
170th of 207
Japanbetter
87.7
19th of 207
Hospital bedsSociety & health
Indonesia
1.4
104th of 145
Japanbetter
12.6
2nd of 145
General government gross debtEconomy
Indonesiabetter
40.9%
64th of 189
Japan
204.8%
189th of 189
R&D spendingScience & innovation
Indonesia
0.28%
75th of 110
Japanbetter
3.44%
6th of 110
Over time
How the two countries moved against each other, from the yearly data.
Japan has been ahead of Indonesia in the NationsTree Index in every year since 1996.
Japan has been ahead of Indonesia in GDP per person (PPP), GDP (PPP) and life expectancy in every year since 1990.
Indonesia has been ahead of Japan in population in every year since 1990.
Strength by category
Average world percentile of the indicators in each category (0–100, direction taken into account). i
IndonesiaJapan All indicators
Latest available value for each country with its year and world rank. Green: the better world position of the two, red: the weaker one.
| Indicator | Indonesia | Japan |
|---|---|---|
| Land & people | ||
| Surface area km² | 1,916,90714th/216 · 2024 | 377,97563rd/216 · 2024 |
| Land area km² | 1,892,41014th/216 · 2024 | 364,50062nd/216 · 2024 |
| Population people | 285.7 m4th/217 · 2025 | 123.4 m12th/217 · 2025 |
| Population growth % | 0.78%115th/217 · 2025 | -0.49%197th/217 · 2025 |
| Population density people/km² | 149.877th/216 · 2024 | 340.136th/216 · 2024 |
| Urban population % | 59.4%130th/217 · 2025 | 92.3%26th/217 · 2025 |
| Population aged 0–14 % | 24.2%100th/217 · 2025 | 11.2%215th/217 · 2025 |
| Population aged 65+ % | 7.5%119th/217 · 2025 | 30.0%2nd/217 · 2025 |
| Economy | ||
| GDP USD | $1.45 trn17th/210 · 2025 | $4.44 trn4th/210 · 2025 |
| GDP (PPP) intl. USD | $5.05 trn7th/199 · 2025 | $6.84 trn5th/199 · 2025 |
| Real GDP (PPP, constant 2021 prices) intl. USD 2021 | $4.31 trn7th/199 · 2025 | $5.96 trn5th/199 · 2025 |
| GDP per person USD | $5,060139th/210 · 2025 | $35,95148th/210 · 2025 |
| GDP per person (PPP) intl. USD | $17,660114th/199 · 2025 | $55,42245th/199 · 2025 |
| GNI per person (Atlas) USD | $5,120128th/201 · 2025 | $38,34035th/201 · 2025 |
| GDP growth % | 5.1%47th/210 · 2025 | 1.2%167th/210 · 2025 |
| Inflation % | 1.9%57th/180 · 2025 | 3.2%90th/180 · 2025 |
| Unemployment % | 3.2%48th/187 · 2025 | 2.5%24th/187 · 2025 |
| Central government debt % of GDP | 30.0%2009 | — |
| General government gross debt % of GDP | 40.9%64th/189 · 2025 | 204.8%189th/189 · 2025 |
| Government budget balance % of GDP | -2.9%102nd/192 · 2025 | -0.7%52nd/192 · 2025 |
| Main industries | ||
| Agriculture, forestry, fishing % of GDP | 13.1%59th/197 · 2025 | 1.0%171st/197 · 2024 |
| Industry incl. construction % of GDP | 38.7%19th/200 · 2025 | 26.8%71st/200 · 2024 |
| Manufacturing % of GDP | 19.1%24th/192 · 2025 | 18.8%27th/192 · 2024 |
| Services % of GDP | 43.9%172nd/200 · 2025 | 71.4%30th/200 · 2024 |
| Trade | ||
| Exports of goods & services USD | $330.28 bn30th/182 · 2025 | $920.96 bn9th/182 · 2024 |
| Imports of goods & services USD | $297.00 bn31st/182 · 2025 | $958.38 bn6th/182 · 2024 |
| Exports % of GDP | 22.8%132nd/183 · 2025 | 22.0%138th/183 · 2024 |
| Imports % of GDP | 20.5%164th/183 · 2025 | 22.9%157th/183 · 2024 |
| Trade openness % of GDP | 43.4%155th/183 · 2025 | 44.9%154th/183 · 2024 |
| Fuel exports % of merchandise exports | 16.0%40th/170 · 2025 | 1.2%115th/170 · 2025 |
| Manufactures exports % of merchandise exports | 47.4%69th/171 · 2025 | 80.6%18th/171 · 2025 |
| Food exports % of merchandise exports | 22.9%64th/171 · 2025 | 1.3%161st/171 · 2025 |
| Ores & metals exports % of merchandise exports | 9.2%41st/171 · 2025 | 3.6%79th/171 · 2025 |
| High-tech exports % of manufactured exports | 8.7%75th/168 · 2024 | 17.6%42nd/168 · 2024 |
| Current account balance % of GDP | -0.1%77th/191 · 2025 | 4.9%37th/191 · 2025 |
| Foreign direct investment, inflows % of GDP | 1.6%119th/196 · 2025 | 1.0%141st/196 · 2025 |
| Natural resources | ||
| Natural resource rents % of GDP | 5.2%71st/209 · 2021 | 0.0%163rd/209 · 2021 |
| Oil rents % of GDP | 0.77%48th/197 · 2021 | 0.00%110th/197 · 2021 |
| Natural gas rents % of GDP | 0.84%32nd/197 · 2021 | 0.01%83rd/197 · 2021 |
| Coal rents % of GDP | 1.22%6th/195 · 2021 | 0.00%63rd/195 · 2021 |
| Mineral rents % of GDP | 1.91%38th/209 · 2021 | 0.01%85th/209 · 2021 |
| Forest rents % of GDP | 0.42%74th/209 · 2021 | 0.03%138th/209 · 2021 |
| Arable land % of land area | 9.3%107th/206 · 2024 | 11.0%96th/206 · 2024 |
| Renewable freshwater per person m³ | 7,24056th/183 · 2022 | 3,43777th/183 · 2022 |
| Tourism | ||
| International tourist arrivals arrivals | 4.1 m44th/194 · 2020 | 4.1 m43rd/194 · 2020 |
| Tourism receipts USD | $3.53 bn37th/175 · 2020 | $11.40 bn16th/175 · 2020 |
| Tourism receipts % of exports | 2.0%128th/168 · 2020 | 1.4%142nd/168 · 2020 |
| Outbound trips departures | 2.9 m39th/107 · 2020 | 3.2 m37th/107 · 2020 |
| Society & health | ||
| Life expectancy years | 71.3146th/217 · 2024 | 84.010th/217 · 2024 |
| Under-5 mortality per 1,000 births | 17.7115th/196 · 2024 | 2.46th/196 · 2024 |
| Physicians per 1,000 people | 0.52123rd/174 · 2023 | 2.6569th/174 · 2022 |
| Hospital beds per 1,000 people | 1.4104th/145 · 2023 | 12.62nd/145 · 2022 |
| DPT immunization % of children 12–23 months | 78%150th/193 · 2024 | 99%1st/193 · 2024 |
| Completed lower secondary, 25+ % of adults | 56.7%104th/153 · 2023 | 98.6%14th/153 · 2020 |
| Secondary enrolment % gross | 97.2%73rd/173 · 2025 | 101.5%55th/173 · 2023 |
| Social protection coverage (incl. pensions) % of population | 65.1%19th/55 · 2022 | — |
| Old-age dependency ratio % of working-age population | 11.1%121st/217 · 2025 | 51.0%2nd/217 · 2025 |
| Health spending % of GDP | 2.7%185th/193 · 2023 | 10.7%20th/193 · 2023 |
| Adult literacy % | 96.0%33rd/98 · 2020 | — |
| Tertiary enrolment % gross | 44.9%87th/150 · 2023 | 64.5%56th/150 · 2023 |
| Human Development Index index 0–1 | 0.728113th/193 · 2023 | 0.92523rd/193 · 2023 |
| Income inequality (Gini) index | 34.458th/108 · 2025 | 32.32020 |
| Extreme poverty % of population | 3.7%72nd/108 · 2025 | 1.2%2020 |
| Infrastructure & digital | ||
| Access to electricity % of population | 99.9%123rd/215 · 2024 | 100.0%1st/215 · 2024 |
| Safely managed drinking water % of population | 30.5%128th/150 · 2024 | 98.7%34th/150 · 2024 |
| Safely managed sanitation % of population | — | 99.2%9th/144 · 2024 |
| Internet users % of population | 72.8%117th/186 · 2024 | 85.5%80th/186 · 2024 |
| Mobile subscriptions per 100 people | 12382nd/210 · 2024 | 17812th/210 · 2023 |
| Fixed broadband per 100 people | 4.9140th/208 · 2024 | 38.630th/208 · 2023 |
| Trade & transport infrastructure quality (LPI) score 1–5 | 2.9058th/164 · 2022 | 4.205th/164 · 2022 |
| Rail lines route-km | 5,48325th/82 · 2019 | 20,0872011 |
| Air passengers carried passengers | 97.0 m9th/161 · 2023 | 120.3 m6th/161 · 2023 |
| Environment & energy | ||
| CO₂ emissions per person t CO₂e | 2.87109th/203 · 2024 | 7.84176th/203 · 2024 |
| Renewable energy % of final energy use | 20.2%106th/212 · 2021 | 8.8%153rd/212 · 2021 |
| Air pollution (PM2.5) µg/m³ | 20.8124th/200 · 2023 | 11.557th/200 · 2023 |
| Forest area % of land area | 50.7%57th/214 · 2024 | 68.3%20th/214 · 2024 |
| Energy use per person kg oil eq. | 1,02089th/149 · 2024 | 3,00434th/149 · 2024 |
| Institutions & safety | ||
| Government effectiveness score 0–100 | 57.682nd/205 · 2025 | 94.12nd/205 · 2025 |
| Control of corruption score 0–100 | 37.7134th/207 · 2025 | 77.422nd/207 · 2025 |
| Rule of law score 0–100 | 54.4114th/207 · 2025 | 84.017th/207 · 2025 |
| Political stability score 0–100 | 52.7170th/207 · 2025 | 87.719th/207 · 2025 |
| Regulatory quality score 0–100 | 57.385th/205 · 2025 | 76.520th/205 · 2025 |
| Voice & accountability score 0–100 | 54.7111th/205 · 2025 | 78.031st/205 · 2025 |
| Homicide rate per 100,000 | 0.37th/145 · 2022 | 0.25th/145 · 2023 |
| Military | ||
| Military expenditure USD | $15.03 bn26th/156 · 2025 | $62.16 bn10th/156 · 2025 |
| Military expenditure % of GDP | 1.0%112th/156 · 2025 | 1.4%92nd/156 · 2025 |
| Military expenditure % of government spending | 6.3%56th/154 · 2025 | 3.8%113th/154 · 2025 |
| Armed forces personnel people | 676,0009th/170 · 2020 | 261,00027th/170 · 2020 |
| Armed forces personnel % of labour force | 0.49%118th/168 · 2020 | 0.38%132nd/168 · 2020 |
| Arms imports (SIPRI TIV) TIV | 1.3 bn7th/163 · 2025 | 1.7 bn5th/163 · 2025 |
| Arms exports (SIPRI TIV) TIV | 17.0 m45th/65 · 2021 | 28.0 m40th/65 · 2025 |
| Science & innovation | ||
| R&D spending % of GDP | 0.28%75th/110 · 2020 | 3.44%6th/110 · 2023 |
| Patent applications by residents applications | 1,93119th/137 · 2024 | 237,1693rd/137 · 2024 |
| Scientific articles articles | 38,99217th/197 · 2023 | 96,5436th/197 · 2023 |
Questions and answers
Which has more people, Indonesia or Japan?
Indonesia has the larger population: 285.7 m (2025) compared with 123.4 m for Japan (2025). Source: World Bank, SP.POP.TOTL.
Which is bigger by area, Indonesia or Japan?
Indonesia is larger: 1,916,907 km² (2024) compared with 377,975 km² for Japan (2024). Source: World Bank, AG.SRF.TOTL.K2.
Which economy is larger, Indonesia or Japan?
Japan has the larger economy at purchasing power parity: $6.84 trn intl. (2025) compared with $5.05 trn intl. for Indonesia (2025). Source: World Bank, NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD.
Which is richer per person, Indonesia or Japan?
Japan has the higher GDP per person (PPP): $55,422 intl. (2025) compared with $17,660 intl. for Indonesia (2025). Source: World Bank, NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD.
Where do people live longer, in Indonesia or Japan?
Japan has the higher life expectancy at birth: 84.0 years (2024) compared with 71.3 years for Indonesia (2024). Source: World Bank, SP.DYN.LE00.IN.
Which spends more on the military, Indonesia or Japan?
Japan spends more on the military: $62.16 bn (2025) compared with $15.03 bn for Indonesia (2025). Source: World Bank, MS.MIL.XPND.CD.
Which ranks higher in the NationsTree Index, Indonesia or Japan?
Japan: 79.3 points (6th in the world); Indonesia: 56.1 points (65th). The index combines foundations, economic strength, quality of life, problems and 5-year direction from public statistics.
Argentina
Australia
Canada
Italy
Mexico
South AfricaSources
World Bank World Development Indicators and Worldwide Governance Indicators, compiling UN agencies, the IMF, WHO, SIPRI and national statistical offices; every row links to its world ranking with the source series. See Sources & licences and Methodology.
Cite as: NationsTree (2026). Indonesia vs Japan — country comparison. https://nationstree.org/compare/indonesia-vs-japan. Data as of 26 October 2026.