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India vs Indonesia
Side-by-side comparison of India and Indonesia from official statistics: size, economy, people, trade, natural resources, health, infrastructure and military, with world ranks, years and sources.
Indonesia
East Asia & Pacific · nation age 81 years
In short
India scores 56.6 in the NationsTree Index (64th in the world) and Indonesia scores 56.1 (65th), a gap of 0.5 points. Their trees are 80 m and 43 m tall; tree height grows with real GDP and is adjusted by the index.
India has 5.1 times the population of Indonesia. India has 71% more land area than Indonesia. India has an economy 3.4 times the size of Indonesia (GDP at purchasing power parity). Population: India 1.5 billion and Indonesia 285.7 million (2025).
GDP per person at purchasing power parity is $17,660 in Indonesia and $11,748 in India (2025, international dollars). People in India live on average 0.9 years longer (72.2 vs 71.3 years).
Of 37 indicators reported by both countries, India ranks higher in the world on 18 and Indonesia on 19. India is clearly stronger in tourism, military and science & innovation. Indonesia is clearly stronger in economy, environment & energy and main industries.
As a nation, India is the older of the two (statehood since 322 BC, 2,347 years), compared with Indonesia (since 1945). Over the last five years India improved faster (direction score 97 vs 82 out of 100).
Where they differ most
The indicators with the biggest gap in world position between India and Indonesia.
Indiabetter
23.0
1st of 108
Indonesia
34.4
58th of 108
Homicide rateInstitutions & safety
India
2.8
83rd of 145
Indonesiabetter
0.3
7th of 145
General government gross debtEconomy
India
84.3%
153rd of 189
Indonesiabetter
40.9%
64th of 189
DPT immunizationSociety & health
Indiabetter
94%
66th of 193
Indonesia
78%
150th of 193
Renewable freshwater per personNatural resources
India
1,014
127th of 183
Indonesiabetter
7,240
56th of 183
Over time
How the two countries moved against each other, from the yearly data.
India overtook Indonesia in the NationsTree Index in 2025, the latest year with data.
India overtook Indonesia in life expectancy in 2022 and has stayed ahead since.
Indonesia has been ahead of India in GDP per person (PPP) in every year since 1990.
India has been ahead of Indonesia in GDP (PPP) and population in every year since 1990.
Strength by category
Average world percentile of the indicators in each category (0–100, direction taken into account). i
IndiaIndonesia All indicators
Latest available value for each country with its year and world rank. Green: the better world position of the two, red: the weaker one.
| Indicator | India | Indonesia |
|---|---|---|
| Land & people | ||
| Surface area km² | 3,287,2637th/216 · 2024 | 1,916,90714th/216 · 2024 |
| Land area km² | 2,973,1907th/216 · 2024 | 1,892,41014th/216 · 2024 |
| Population people | 1.5 bn1st/217 · 2025 | 285.7 m4th/217 · 2025 |
| Population growth % | 0.89%109th/217 · 2025 | 0.78%115th/217 · 2025 |
| Population density people/km² | 488.025th/216 · 2024 | 149.877th/216 · 2024 |
| Urban population % | 35.7%182nd/217 · 2025 | 59.4%130th/217 · 2025 |
| Population aged 0–14 % | 24.2%101st/217 · 2025 | 24.2%100th/217 · 2025 |
| Population aged 65+ % | 7.4%121st/217 · 2025 | 7.5%119th/217 · 2025 |
| Economy | ||
| GDP USD | $3.96 trn6th/210 · 2025 | $1.45 trn17th/210 · 2025 |
| GDP (PPP) intl. USD | $17.20 trn3rd/199 · 2025 | $5.05 trn7th/199 · 2025 |
| Real GDP (PPP, constant 2021 prices) intl. USD 2021 | $14.70 trn3rd/199 · 2025 | $4.31 trn7th/199 · 2025 |
| GDP per person USD | $2,702166th/210 · 2025 | $5,060139th/210 · 2025 |
| GDP per person (PPP) intl. USD | $11,748136th/199 · 2025 | $17,660114th/199 · 2025 |
| GNI per person (Atlas) USD | $2,760156th/201 · 2025 | $5,120128th/201 · 2025 |
| GDP growth % | 7.6%15th/210 · 2025 | 5.1%47th/210 · 2025 |
| Inflation % | 2.4%75th/180 · 2025 | 1.9%57th/180 · 2025 |
| Unemployment % | 4.2%71st/187 · 2025 | 3.2%48th/187 · 2025 |
| Central government debt % of GDP | 46.5%2018 | 30.0%2009 |
| General government gross debt % of GDP | 84.3%153rd/189 · 2025 | 40.9%64th/189 · 2025 |
| Government budget balance % of GDP | -7.4%175th/192 · 2025 | -2.9%102nd/192 · 2025 |
| Main industries | ||
| Agriculture, forestry, fishing % of GDP | 16.2%49th/197 · 2025 | 13.1%59th/197 · 2025 |
| Industry incl. construction % of GDP | 25.2%83rd/200 · 2025 | 38.7%19th/200 · 2025 |
| Manufacturing % of GDP | 13.5%57th/192 · 2025 | 19.1%24th/192 · 2025 |
| Services % of GDP | 49.3%148th/200 · 2025 | 43.9%172nd/200 · 2025 |
| Trade | ||
| Exports of goods & services USD | $880.74 bn10th/182 · 2025 | $330.28 bn30th/182 · 2025 |
| Imports of goods & services USD | $949.66 bn7th/182 · 2025 | $297.00 bn31st/182 · 2025 |
| Exports % of GDP | 22.3%133rd/183 · 2025 | 22.8%132nd/183 · 2025 |
| Imports % of GDP | 24.0%155th/183 · 2025 | 20.5%164th/183 · 2025 |
| Trade openness % of GDP | 46.3%151st/183 · 2025 | 43.4%155th/183 · 2025 |
| Fuel exports % of merchandise exports | 13.1%42nd/170 · 2025 | 16.0%40th/170 · 2025 |
| Manufactures exports % of merchandise exports | 70.1%41st/171 · 2025 | 47.4%69th/171 · 2025 |
| Food exports % of merchandise exports | 11.9%106th/171 · 2025 | 22.9%64th/171 · 2025 |
| Ores & metals exports % of merchandise exports | 3.8%75th/171 · 2025 | 9.2%41st/171 · 2025 |
| High-tech exports % of manufactured exports | 18.6%35th/168 · 2024 | 8.7%75th/168 · 2024 |
| Current account balance % of GDP | -0.7%87th/191 · 2025 | -0.1%77th/191 · 2025 |
| Foreign direct investment, inflows % of GDP | 1.0%142nd/196 · 2025 | 1.6%119th/196 · 2025 |
| Natural resources | ||
| Natural resource rents % of GDP | 3.2%85th/209 · 2021 | 5.2%71st/209 · 2021 |
| Oil rents % of GDP | 0.33%60th/197 · 2021 | 0.77%48th/197 · 2021 |
| Natural gas rents % of GDP | 0.08%62nd/197 · 2021 | 0.84%32nd/197 · 2021 |
| Coal rents % of GDP | 1.28%5th/195 · 2021 | 1.22%6th/195 · 2021 |
| Mineral rents % of GDP | 1.32%41st/209 · 2021 | 1.91%38th/209 · 2021 |
| Forest rents % of GDP | 0.16%102nd/209 · 2021 | 0.42%74th/209 · 2021 |
| Arable land % of land area | 51.7%6th/206 · 2024 | 9.3%107th/206 · 2024 |
| Renewable freshwater per person m³ | 1,014127th/183 · 2022 | 7,24056th/183 · 2022 |
| Tourism | ||
| International tourist arrivals arrivals | 17.9 m14th/194 · 2019 | 4.1 m44th/194 · 2020 |
| Tourism receipts USD | $13.41 bn13th/175 · 2020 | $3.53 bn37th/175 · 2020 |
| Tourism receipts % of exports | 2.8%112th/168 · 2020 | 2.0%128th/168 · 2020 |
| Outbound trips departures | 26.9 m7th/107 · 2019 | 2.9 m39th/107 · 2020 |
| Society & health | ||
| Life expectancy years | 72.2137th/217 · 2024 | 71.3146th/217 · 2024 |
| Under-5 mortality per 1,000 births | 26.6134th/196 · 2024 | 17.7115th/196 · 2024 |
| Physicians per 1,000 people | 0.72115th/174 · 2020 | 0.52123rd/174 · 2023 |
| Hospital beds per 1,000 people | 1.698th/145 · 2021 | 1.4104th/145 · 2023 |
| DPT immunization % of children 12–23 months | 94%66th/193 · 2024 | 78%150th/193 · 2024 |
| Completed lower secondary, 25+ % of adults | 52.7%111th/153 · 2023 | 56.7%104th/153 · 2023 |
| Secondary enrolment % gross | 79.6%128th/173 · 2025 | 97.2%73rd/173 · 2025 |
| Social protection coverage (incl. pensions) % of population | 77.2%2011 | 65.1%19th/55 · 2022 |
| Old-age dependency ratio % of working-age population | 10.8%125th/217 · 2025 | 11.1%121st/217 · 2025 |
| Health spending % of GDP | 3.3%171st/193 · 2023 | 2.7%185th/193 · 2023 |
| Adult literacy % | 78.2%69th/98 · 2024 | 96.0%33rd/98 · 2020 |
| Tertiary enrolment % gross | 34.4%103rd/150 · 2025 | 44.9%87th/150 · 2023 |
| Human Development Index index 0–1 | 0.685130th/193 · 2023 | 0.728113th/193 · 2023 |
| Income inequality (Gini) index | 23.01st/108 · 2023 | 34.458th/108 · 2025 |
| Extreme poverty % of population | 2.6%68th/108 · 2023 | 3.7%72nd/108 · 2025 |
| Infrastructure & digital | ||
| Access to electricity % of population | 99.9%123rd/215 · 2024 | 99.9%123rd/215 · 2024 |
| Safely managed drinking water % of population | 76.4%79th/150 · 2024 | 30.5%128th/150 · 2024 |
| Safely managed sanitation % of population | 62.8%69th/144 · 2024 | — |
| Internet users % of population | 70.0%124th/186 · 2025 | 72.8%117th/186 · 2024 |
| Mobile subscriptions per 100 people | 79167th/210 · 2024 | 12382nd/210 · 2024 |
| Fixed broadband per 100 people | 3.2147th/208 · 2024 | 4.9140th/208 · 2024 |
| Trade & transport infrastructure quality (LPI) score 1–5 | 3.2046th/164 · 2022 | 2.9058th/164 · 2022 |
| Rail lines route-km | 68,1034th/82 · 2021 | 5,48325th/82 · 2019 |
| Air passengers carried passengers | 180.4 m4th/161 · 2023 | 97.0 m9th/161 · 2023 |
| Environment & energy | ||
| CO₂ emissions per person t CO₂e | 2.1793rd/203 · 2024 | 2.87109th/203 · 2024 |
| Renewable energy % of final energy use | 34.9%69th/212 · 2021 | 20.2%106th/212 · 2021 |
| Air pollution (PM2.5) µg/m³ | 54.1190th/200 · 2023 | 20.8124th/200 · 2023 |
| Forest area % of land area | 24.4%121st/214 · 2024 | 50.7%57th/214 · 2024 |
| Energy use per person kg oil eq. | 777107th/149 · 2024 | 1,02089th/149 · 2024 |
| Institutions & safety | ||
| Government effectiveness score 0–100 | 62.664th/205 · 2025 | 57.682nd/205 · 2025 |
| Control of corruption score 0–100 | 42.4112th/207 · 2025 | 37.7134th/207 · 2025 |
| Rule of law score 0–100 | 56.5106th/207 · 2025 | 54.4114th/207 · 2025 |
| Political stability score 0–100 | 55.0162nd/207 · 2025 | 52.7170th/207 · 2025 |
| Regulatory quality score 0–100 | 52.6109th/205 · 2025 | 57.385th/205 · 2025 |
| Voice & accountability score 0–100 | 54.9110th/205 · 2025 | 54.7111th/205 · 2025 |
| Homicide rate per 100,000 | 2.883rd/145 · 2022 | 0.37th/145 · 2022 |
| Military | ||
| Military expenditure USD | $92.06 bn5th/156 · 2025 | $15.03 bn26th/156 · 2025 |
| Military expenditure % of GDP | 2.3%47th/156 · 2025 | 1.0%112th/156 · 2025 |
| Military expenditure % of government spending | 8.2%38th/154 · 2025 | 6.3%56th/154 · 2025 |
| Armed forces personnel people | 3.1 m1st/170 · 2020 | 676,0009th/170 · 2020 |
| Armed forces personnel % of labour force | 0.58%103rd/168 · 2020 | 0.49%118th/168 · 2020 |
| Arms imports (SIPRI TIV) TIV | 2.9 bn2nd/163 · 2025 | 1.3 bn7th/163 · 2025 |
| Arms exports (SIPRI TIV) TIV | 81.0 m28th/65 · 2025 | 17.0 m45th/65 · 2021 |
| Science & innovation | ||
| R&D spending % of GDP | 0.65%56th/110 · 2020 | 0.28%75th/110 · 2020 |
| Patent applications by residents applications | 63,2175th/137 · 2024 | 1,93119th/137 · 2024 |
| Scientific articles articles | 228,1743rd/197 · 2023 | 38,99217th/197 · 2023 |
Questions and answers
Which has more people, India or Indonesia?
India has the larger population: 1.5 bn (2025) compared with 285.7 m for Indonesia (2025). Source: World Bank, SP.POP.TOTL.
Which is bigger by area, India or Indonesia?
India is larger: 3,287,263 km² (2024) compared with 1,916,907 km² for Indonesia (2024). Source: World Bank, AG.SRF.TOTL.K2.
Which economy is larger, India or Indonesia?
India has the larger economy at purchasing power parity: $17.20 trn intl. (2025) compared with $5.05 trn intl. for Indonesia (2025). Source: World Bank, NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD.
Which is richer per person, India or Indonesia?
Indonesia has the higher GDP per person (PPP): $17,660 intl. (2025) compared with $11,748 intl. for India (2025). Source: World Bank, NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD.
Where do people live longer, in India or Indonesia?
India has the higher life expectancy at birth: 72.2 years (2024) compared with 71.3 years for Indonesia (2024). Source: World Bank, SP.DYN.LE00.IN.
Which spends more on the military, India or Indonesia?
India spends more on the military: $92.06 bn (2025) compared with $15.03 bn for Indonesia (2025). Source: World Bank, MS.MIL.XPND.CD.
Which ranks higher in the NationsTree Index, India or Indonesia?
India: 56.6 points (64th in the world); Indonesia: 56.1 points (65th). The index combines foundations, economic strength, quality of life, problems and 5-year direction from public statistics.
Argentina
Australia
Bangladesh
Bhutan
Canada
Italy
Mexico
Nepal
South AfricaSources
World Bank World Development Indicators and Worldwide Governance Indicators, compiling UN agencies, the IMF, WHO, SIPRI and national statistical offices; every row links to its world ranking with the source series. See Sources & licences and Methodology.
Cite as: NationsTree (2026). India vs Indonesia — country comparison. https://nationstree.org/compare/india-vs-indonesia. Data as of 26 October 2026.