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India vs Pakistan
Side-by-side comparison of India and Pakistan from official statistics: size, economy, people, trade, natural resources, health, infrastructure and military, with world ranks, years and sources.
Pakistan
Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan · nation age 79 years
In short
India scores 56.6 in the NationsTree Index (64th in the world) and Pakistan scores 35.8 (143rd), a gap of 20.8 points. Their trees are 80 m and 23 m tall; tree height grows with real GDP and is adjusted by the index.
India has 5.7 times the population of Pakistan. India is 4.1 times larger than Pakistan by land area. India has an economy 10 times the size of Pakistan (GDP at purchasing power parity). Population: India 1.5 billion and Pakistan 255.2 million (2025).
GDP per person at purchasing power parity is $11,748 in India and $6,573 in Pakistan (2025, international dollars). People in India live on average 4.4 years longer (72.2 vs 67.8 years).
Of 38 indicators reported by both countries, India ranks higher in the world on 33 and Pakistan on 5. India is clearly stronger in tourism, institutions & safety and science & innovation.
As a nation, India is the older of the two (statehood since 322 BC, 2,347 years), compared with Pakistan (since 1947). Over the last five years India improved faster (direction score 97 vs 60 out of 100).
Where they differ most
The indicators with the biggest gap in world position between India and Pakistan.
Indiabetter
18.6%
35th of 168
Pakistan
2.4%
127th of 168
Trade & transport infrastructure quality (LPI)Infrastructure & digital
Indiabetter
3.20
46th of 164
Pakistan
2.20
131st of 164
Government effectivenessInstitutions & safety
Indiabetter
62.6
64th of 205
Pakistan
39.9
152nd of 205
Income inequality (Gini)Society & health
Indiabetter
23.0
1st of 108
Pakistan
33.5
47th of 108
GDP growthEconomy
Indiabetter
7.6%
15th of 210
Pakistan
3.7%
92nd of 210
Over time
How the two countries moved against each other, from the yearly data.
India overtook Pakistan in GDP per person (PPP) in 2010 and has stayed ahead since.
India overtook Pakistan in life expectancy in 1994 and has stayed ahead since.
India has been ahead of Pakistan in the NationsTree Index in every year since 1993.
India has been ahead of Pakistan in GDP (PPP) and population in every year since 1990.
Strength by category
Average world percentile of the indicators in each category (0–100, direction taken into account). i
IndiaPakistan All indicators
Latest available value for each country with its year and world rank. Green: the better world position of the two, red: the weaker one.
| Indicator | India | Pakistan |
|---|---|---|
| Land & people | ||
| Surface area km² | 3,287,2637th/216 · 2024 | 796,10035th/216 · 2024 |
| Land area km² | 2,973,1907th/216 · 2024 | 770,88035th/216 · 2024 |
| Population people | 1.5 bn1st/217 · 2025 | 255.2 m5th/217 · 2025 |
| Population growth % | 0.89%109th/217 · 2025 | 1.56%67th/217 · 2025 |
| Population density people/km² | 488.025th/216 · 2024 | 326.037th/216 · 2024 |
| Urban population % | 35.7%182nd/217 · 2025 | 39.5%174th/217 · 2025 |
| Population aged 0–14 % | 24.2%101st/217 · 2025 | 36.2%47th/217 · 2025 |
| Population aged 65+ % | 7.4%121st/217 · 2025 | 4.4%160th/217 · 2025 |
| Economy | ||
| GDP USD | $3.96 trn6th/210 · 2025 | $407.31 bn41st/210 · 2025 |
| GDP (PPP) intl. USD | $17.20 trn3rd/199 · 2025 | $1.68 trn26th/199 · 2025 |
| Real GDP (PPP, constant 2021 prices) intl. USD 2021 | $14.70 trn3rd/199 · 2025 | $1.43 trn26th/199 · 2025 |
| GDP per person USD | $2,702166th/210 · 2025 | $1,596181st/210 · 2025 |
| GDP per person (PPP) intl. USD | $11,748136th/199 · 2025 | $6,573156th/199 · 2025 |
| GNI per person (Atlas) USD | $2,760156th/201 · 2025 | $1,500174th/201 · 2025 |
| GDP growth % | 7.6%15th/210 · 2025 | 3.7%92nd/210 · 2025 |
| Inflation % | 2.4%75th/180 · 2025 | 3.5%104th/180 · 2025 |
| Unemployment % | 4.2%71st/187 · 2025 | 5.4%100th/187 · 2025 |
| Central government debt % of GDP | 46.5%2018 | 55.0%2000 |
| General government gross debt % of GDP | 84.3%153rd/189 · 2025 | 72.8%139th/189 · 2025 |
| Government budget balance % of GDP | -7.4%175th/192 · 2025 | -5.4%157th/192 · 2025 |
| Main industries | ||
| Agriculture, forestry, fishing % of GDP | 16.2%49th/197 · 2025 | 23.0%27th/197 · 2025 |
| Industry incl. construction % of GDP | 25.2%83rd/200 · 2025 | 20.1%125th/200 · 2025 |
| Manufacturing % of GDP | 13.5%57th/192 · 2025 | 13.0%66th/192 · 2025 |
| Services % of GDP | 49.3%148th/200 · 2025 | 50.9%140th/200 · 2025 |
| Trade | ||
| Exports of goods & services USD | $880.74 bn10th/182 · 2025 | $40.67 bn71st/182 · 2025 |
| Imports of goods & services USD | $949.66 bn7th/182 · 2025 | $70.09 bn57th/182 · 2025 |
| Exports % of GDP | 22.3%133rd/183 · 2025 | 10.0%176th/183 · 2025 |
| Imports % of GDP | 24.0%155th/183 · 2025 | 17.2%172nd/183 · 2025 |
| Trade openness % of GDP | 46.3%151st/183 · 2025 | 27.2%179th/183 · 2025 |
| Fuel exports % of merchandise exports | 13.1%42nd/170 · 2025 | 2.4%94th/170 · 2025 |
| Manufactures exports % of merchandise exports | 70.1%41st/171 · 2025 | 73.2%34th/171 · 2025 |
| Food exports % of merchandise exports | 11.9%106th/171 · 2025 | 18.2%81st/171 · 2025 |
| Ores & metals exports % of merchandise exports | 3.8%75th/171 · 2025 | 4.6%67th/171 · 2025 |
| High-tech exports % of manufactured exports | 18.6%35th/168 · 2024 | 2.4%127th/168 · 2024 |
| Current account balance % of GDP | -0.7%87th/191 · 2025 | 0.5%72nd/191 · 2025 |
| Foreign direct investment, inflows % of GDP | 1.0%142nd/196 · 2025 | 0.5%159th/196 · 2025 |
| Natural resources | ||
| Natural resource rents % of GDP | 3.2%85th/209 · 2021 | 1.4%107th/209 · 2021 |
| Oil rents % of GDP | 0.33%60th/197 · 2021 | 0.38%58th/197 · 2021 |
| Natural gas rents % of GDP | 0.08%62nd/197 · 2021 | 0.74%34th/197 · 2021 |
| Coal rents % of GDP | 1.28%5th/195 · 2021 | 0.12%29th/195 · 2021 |
| Mineral rents % of GDP | 1.32%41st/209 · 2021 | 0.07%74th/209 · 2021 |
| Forest rents % of GDP | 0.16%102nd/209 · 2021 | 0.13%106th/209 · 2021 |
| Arable land % of land area | 51.7%6th/206 · 2024 | 39.8%15th/206 · 2024 |
| Renewable freshwater per person m³ | 1,014127th/183 · 2022 | 226165th/183 · 2022 |
| Tourism | ||
| International tourist arrivals arrivals | 17.9 m14th/194 · 2019 | 966,0002012 |
| Tourism receipts USD | $13.41 bn13th/175 · 2020 | $765.0 m81st/175 · 2020 |
| Tourism receipts % of exports | 2.8%112th/168 · 2020 | 2.8%111th/168 · 2020 |
| Outbound trips departures | 26.9 m7th/107 · 2019 | — |
| Society & health | ||
| Life expectancy years | 72.2137th/217 · 2024 | 67.8169th/217 · 2024 |
| Under-5 mortality per 1,000 births | 26.6134th/196 · 2024 | 56.0173rd/196 · 2024 |
| Physicians per 1,000 people | 0.72115th/174 · 2020 | 1.16101st/174 · 2021 |
| Hospital beds per 1,000 people | 1.698th/145 · 2021 | 0.6133rd/145 · 2020 |
| DPT immunization % of children 12–23 months | 94%66th/193 · 2024 | 87%121st/193 · 2024 |
| Completed lower secondary, 25+ % of adults | 52.7%111th/153 · 2023 | 38.4%120th/153 · 2021 |
| Secondary enrolment % gross | 79.6%128th/173 · 2025 | 48.3%158th/173 · 2024 |
| Social protection coverage (incl. pensions) % of population | 77.2%2011 | 22.1%2018 |
| Old-age dependency ratio % of working-age population | 10.8%125th/217 · 2025 | 7.3%155th/217 · 2025 |
| Health spending % of GDP | 3.3%171st/193 · 2023 | 2.5%188th/193 · 2023 |
| Adult literacy % | 78.2%69th/98 · 2024 | 58.9%89th/98 · 2021 |
| Tertiary enrolment % gross | 34.4%103rd/150 · 2025 | 10.9%136th/150 · 2024 |
| Human Development Index index 0–1 | 0.685130th/193 · 2023 | 0.544168th/193 · 2023 |
| Income inequality (Gini) index | 23.01st/108 · 2023 | 33.547th/108 · 2024 |
| Extreme poverty % of population | 2.6%68th/108 · 2023 | 23.0%91st/108 · 2024 |
| Infrastructure & digital | ||
| Access to electricity % of population | 99.9%123rd/215 · 2024 | 95.7%151st/215 · 2024 |
| Safely managed drinking water % of population | 76.4%79th/150 · 2024 | 45.0%116th/150 · 2024 |
| Safely managed sanitation % of population | 62.8%69th/144 · 2024 | — |
| Internet users % of population | 70.0%124th/186 · 2025 | 57.3%143rd/186 · 2024 |
| Mobile subscriptions per 100 people | 79167th/210 · 2024 | 77168th/210 · 2024 |
| Fixed broadband per 100 people | 3.2147th/208 · 2024 | 1.5163rd/208 · 2024 |
| Trade & transport infrastructure quality (LPI) score 1–5 | 3.2046th/164 · 2022 | 2.20131st/164 · 2018 |
| Rail lines route-km | 68,1034th/82 · 2021 | 7,79122nd/82 · 2019 |
| Air passengers carried passengers | 180.4 m4th/161 · 2023 | 7.2 m54th/161 · 2023 |
| Environment & energy | ||
| CO₂ emissions per person t CO₂e | 2.1793rd/203 · 2024 | 0.8157th/203 · 2024 |
| Renewable energy % of final energy use | 34.9%69th/212 · 2021 | 41.6%59th/212 · 2021 |
| Air pollution (PM2.5) µg/m³ | 54.1190th/200 · 2023 | 58.4194th/200 · 2023 |
| Forest area % of land area | 24.4%121st/214 · 2024 | 4.1%184th/214 · 2024 |
| Energy use per person kg oil eq. | 777107th/149 · 2024 | 389133rd/149 · 2024 |
| Institutions & safety | ||
| Government effectiveness score 0–100 | 62.664th/205 · 2025 | 39.9152nd/205 · 2025 |
| Control of corruption score 0–100 | 42.4112th/207 · 2025 | 26.5174th/207 · 2025 |
| Rule of law score 0–100 | 56.5106th/207 · 2025 | 41.1170th/207 · 2025 |
| Political stability score 0–100 | 55.0162nd/207 · 2025 | 31.4199th/207 · 2025 |
| Regulatory quality score 0–100 | 52.6109th/205 · 2025 | 39.7172nd/205 · 2025 |
| Voice & accountability score 0–100 | 54.9110th/205 · 2025 | 37.0160th/205 · 2025 |
| Homicide rate per 100,000 | 2.883rd/145 · 2022 | 4.391st/145 · 2023 |
| Military | ||
| Military expenditure USD | $92.06 bn5th/156 · 2025 | $11.87 bn31st/156 · 2025 |
| Military expenditure % of GDP | 2.3%47th/156 · 2025 | 2.9%34th/156 · 2025 |
| Military expenditure % of government spending | 8.2%38th/154 · 2025 | 13.8%19th/154 · 2025 |
| Armed forces personnel people | 3.1 m1st/170 · 2020 | 943,0006th/170 · 2020 |
| Armed forces personnel % of labour force | 0.58%103rd/168 · 2020 | 1.25%53rd/168 · 2020 |
| Arms imports (SIPRI TIV) TIV | 2.9 bn2nd/163 · 2025 | 706.0 m14th/163 · 2025 |
| Arms exports (SIPRI TIV) TIV | 81.0 m28th/65 · 2025 | 127.0 m22nd/65 · 2025 |
| Science & innovation | ||
| R&D spending % of GDP | 0.65%56th/110 · 2020 | 0.16%89th/110 · 2023 |
| Patent applications by residents applications | 63,2175th/137 · 2024 | 48045th/137 · 2024 |
| Scientific articles articles | 228,1743rd/197 · 2023 | 20,51925th/197 · 2023 |
Questions and answers
Which has more people, India or Pakistan?
India has the larger population: 1.5 bn (2025) compared with 255.2 m for Pakistan (2025). Source: World Bank, SP.POP.TOTL.
Which is bigger by area, India or Pakistan?
India is larger: 3,287,263 km² (2024) compared with 796,100 km² for Pakistan (2024). Source: World Bank, AG.SRF.TOTL.K2.
Which economy is larger, India or Pakistan?
India has the larger economy at purchasing power parity: $17.20 trn intl. (2025) compared with $1.68 trn intl. for Pakistan (2025). Source: World Bank, NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD.
Which is richer per person, India or Pakistan?
India has the higher GDP per person (PPP): $11,748 intl. (2025) compared with $6,573 intl. for Pakistan (2025). Source: World Bank, NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD.
Where do people live longer, in India or Pakistan?
India has the higher life expectancy at birth: 72.2 years (2024) compared with 67.8 years for Pakistan (2024). Source: World Bank, SP.DYN.LE00.IN.
Which spends more on the military, India or Pakistan?
India spends more on the military: $92.06 bn (2025) compared with $11.87 bn for Pakistan (2025). Source: World Bank, MS.MIL.XPND.CD.
Which ranks higher in the NationsTree Index, India or Pakistan?
India: 56.6 points (64th in the world); Pakistan: 35.8 points (143rd). The index combines foundations, economic strength, quality of life, problems and 5-year direction from public statistics.
Argentina
Australia
Bangladesh
Bhutan
Canada
Indonesia
Italy
Mexico
Nepal
Algeria
Egypt
Iran
United Arab EmiratesSources
World Bank World Development Indicators and Worldwide Governance Indicators, compiling UN agencies, the IMF, WHO, SIPRI and national statistical offices; every row links to its world ranking with the source series. See Sources & licences and Methodology.
Cite as: NationsTree (2026). India vs Pakistan — country comparison. https://nationstree.org/compare/india-vs-pakistan. Data as of 26 October 2026.