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Brazil vs India
Side-by-side comparison of Brazil and India from official statistics: size, economy, people, trade, natural resources, health, infrastructure and military, with world ranks, years and sources.
Brazil
Latin America & Caribbean · nation age 204 years
In short
India scores 56.6 in the NationsTree Index (64th in the world) and Brazil scores 51.4 (82nd), a gap of 5.2 points. Their trees are 42 m and 80 m tall; tree height grows with real GDP and is adjusted by the index.
India has 6.9 times the population of Brazil. Brazil is 2.6 times larger than India by land area. India has an economy 3.4 times the size of Brazil (GDP at purchasing power parity). Population: Brazil 212.8 million and India 1.5 billion (2025).
GDP per person at purchasing power parity is $23,433 in Brazil and $11,748 in India (2025, international dollars). People in Brazil live on average 3.8 years longer (76.0 vs 72.2 years).
Of 37 indicators reported by both countries, Brazil ranks higher in the world on 21 and India on 16. Brazil is clearly stronger in environment & energy and society & health. India is clearly stronger in military, tourism and institutions & safety.
As a nation, India is the older of the two (statehood since 322 BC, 2,347 years), compared with Brazil (since 1822). Over the last five years India improved faster (direction score 97 vs 13 out of 100).
Where they differ most
The indicators with the biggest gap in world position between Brazil and India.
Brazil
50.3
105th of 108
Indiabetter
23.0
1st of 108
Air pollution (PM2.5)Environment & energy
Brazilbetter
13.4
68th of 200
India
54.1
190th of 200
GDP growthEconomy
Brazil
2.3%
137th of 210
Indiabetter
7.6%
15th of 210
Renewable freshwater per personNatural resources
Brazilbetter
26,918
24th of 183
India
1,014
127th of 183
Secondary enrolmentSociety & health
Brazilbetter
104.1%
45th of 173
India
79.6%
128th of 173
Over time
How the two countries moved against each other, from the yearly data.
India overtook Brazil in the NationsTree Index in 2025, the latest year with data.
Brazil has been ahead of India in GDP per person (PPP) and life expectancy in every year since 1990.
India has been ahead of Brazil in GDP (PPP) and population in every year since 1990.
Strength by category
Average world percentile of the indicators in each category (0–100, direction taken into account). i
BrazilIndia All indicators
Latest available value for each country with its year and world rank. Green: the better world position of the two, red: the weaker one.
| Indicator | Brazil | India |
|---|---|---|
| Land & people | ||
| Surface area km² | 8,510,4205th/216 · 2024 | 3,287,2637th/216 · 2024 |
| Land area km² | 8,358,1405th/216 · 2024 | 2,973,1907th/216 · 2024 |
| Population people | 212.8 m7th/217 · 2025 | 1.5 bn1st/217 · 2025 |
| Population growth % | 0.38%150th/217 · 2025 | 0.89%109th/217 · 2025 |
| Population density people/km² | 25.4181st/216 · 2024 | 488.025th/216 · 2024 |
| Urban population % | 88.2%39th/217 · 2025 | 35.7%182nd/217 · 2025 |
| Population aged 0–14 % | 19.4%128th/217 · 2025 | 24.2%101st/217 · 2025 |
| Population aged 65+ % | 11.5%92nd/217 · 2025 | 7.4%121st/217 · 2025 |
| Economy | ||
| GDP USD | $2.28 trn11th/210 · 2025 | $3.96 trn6th/210 · 2025 |
| GDP (PPP) intl. USD | $4.99 trn8th/199 · 2025 | $17.20 trn3rd/199 · 2025 |
| Real GDP (PPP, constant 2021 prices) intl. USD 2021 | $4.26 trn8th/199 · 2025 | $14.70 trn3rd/199 · 2025 |
| GDP per person USD | $10,713101st/210 · 2025 | $2,702166th/210 · 2025 |
| GDP per person (PPP) intl. USD | $23,43393rd/199 · 2025 | $11,748136th/199 · 2025 |
| GNI per person (Atlas) USD | $10,55092nd/201 · 2025 | $2,760156th/201 · 2025 |
| GDP growth % | 2.3%137th/210 · 2025 | 7.6%15th/210 · 2025 |
| Inflation % | 5.0%138th/180 · 2025 | 2.4%75th/180 · 2025 |
| Unemployment % | 6.0%109th/187 · 2025 | 4.2%71st/187 · 2025 |
| Central government debt % of GDP | 81.9%43rd/55 · 2024 | 46.5%2018 |
| General government gross debt % of GDP | 93.3%161st/189 · 2025 | 84.3%153rd/189 · 2025 |
| Government budget balance % of GDP | -7.4%175th/192 · 2025 | -7.4%175th/192 · 2025 |
| Main industries | ||
| Agriculture, forestry, fishing % of GDP | 6.1%99th/197 · 2025 | 16.2%49th/197 · 2025 |
| Industry incl. construction % of GDP | 20.1%124th/200 · 2025 | 25.2%83rd/200 · 2025 |
| Manufacturing % of GDP | 11.8%81st/192 · 2025 | 13.5%57th/192 · 2025 |
| Services % of GDP | 59.7%88th/200 · 2025 | 49.3%148th/200 · 2025 |
| Trade | ||
| Exports of goods & services USD | $406.30 bn25th/182 · 2025 | $880.74 bn10th/182 · 2025 |
| Imports of goods & services USD | $398.32 bn24th/182 · 2025 | $949.66 bn7th/182 · 2025 |
| Exports % of GDP | 17.8%153rd/183 · 2025 | 22.3%133rd/183 · 2025 |
| Imports % of GDP | 17.5%171st/183 · 2025 | 24.0%155th/183 · 2025 |
| Trade openness % of GDP | 35.3%170th/183 · 2025 | 46.3%151st/183 · 2025 |
| Fuel exports % of merchandise exports | 16.1%39th/170 · 2025 | 13.1%42nd/170 · 2025 |
| Manufactures exports % of merchandise exports | 23.8%99th/171 · 2025 | 70.1%41st/171 · 2025 |
| Food exports % of merchandise exports | 40.7%40th/171 · 2025 | 11.9%106th/171 · 2025 |
| Ores & metals exports % of merchandise exports | 12.2%36th/171 · 2025 | 3.8%75th/171 · 2025 |
| High-tech exports % of manufactured exports | 11.1%58th/168 · 2024 | 18.6%35th/168 · 2024 |
| Current account balance % of GDP | -2.9%115th/191 · 2025 | -0.7%87th/191 · 2025 |
| Foreign direct investment, inflows % of GDP | 3.4%63rd/196 · 2025 | 1.0%142nd/196 · 2025 |
| Natural resources | ||
| Natural resource rents % of GDP | 7.9%53rd/209 · 2021 | 3.2%85th/209 · 2021 |
| Oil rents % of GDP | 2.60%35th/197 · 2021 | 0.33%60th/197 · 2021 |
| Natural gas rents % of GDP | 0.07%63rd/197 · 2021 | 0.08%62nd/197 · 2021 |
| Coal rents % of GDP | 0.01%49th/195 · 2021 | 1.28%5th/195 · 2021 |
| Mineral rents % of GDP | 4.49%24th/209 · 2021 | 1.32%41st/209 · 2021 |
| Forest rents % of GDP | 0.76%60th/209 · 2021 | 0.16%102nd/209 · 2021 |
| Arable land % of land area | 6.7%124th/206 · 2024 | 51.7%6th/206 · 2024 |
| Renewable freshwater per person m³ | 26,91824th/183 · 2022 | 1,014127th/183 · 2022 |
| Tourism | ||
| International tourist arrivals arrivals | 6.4 m32nd/194 · 2019 | 17.9 m14th/194 · 2019 |
| Tourism receipts USD | $3.10 bn40th/175 · 2020 | $13.41 bn13th/175 · 2020 |
| Tourism receipts % of exports | 1.3%144th/168 · 2020 | 2.8%112th/168 · 2020 |
| Outbound trips departures | 10.6 m18th/107 · 2018 | 26.9 m7th/107 · 2019 |
| Society & health | ||
| Life expectancy years | 76.099th/217 · 2024 | 72.2137th/217 · 2024 |
| Under-5 mortality per 1,000 births | 14.297th/196 · 2024 | 26.6134th/196 · 2024 |
| Physicians per 1,000 people | 2.3675th/174 · 2023 | 0.72115th/174 · 2020 |
| Hospital beds per 1,000 people | 2.571st/145 · 2021 | 1.698th/145 · 2021 |
| DPT immunization % of children 12–23 months | 91%93rd/193 · 2024 | 94%66th/193 · 2024 |
| Completed lower secondary, 25+ % of adults | 67.2%86th/153 · 2023 | 52.7%111th/153 · 2023 |
| Secondary enrolment % gross | 104.1%45th/173 · 2024 | 79.6%128th/173 · 2025 |
| Social protection coverage (incl. pensions) % of population | 52.3%28th/55 · 2022 | 77.2%2011 |
| Old-age dependency ratio % of working-age population | 16.6%91st/217 · 2025 | 10.8%125th/217 · 2025 |
| Health spending % of GDP | 9.7%31st/193 · 2023 | 3.3%171st/193 · 2023 |
| Adult literacy % | 94.7%39th/98 · 2024 | 78.2%69th/98 · 2024 |
| Tertiary enrolment % gross | 69.7%49th/150 · 2024 | 34.4%103rd/150 · 2025 |
| Human Development Index index 0–1 | 0.78684th/193 · 2023 | 0.685130th/193 · 2023 |
| Income inequality (Gini) index | 50.3105th/108 · 2024 | 23.01st/108 · 2023 |
| Extreme poverty % of population | 3.0%69th/108 · 2024 | 2.6%68th/108 · 2023 |
| Infrastructure & digital | ||
| Access to electricity % of population | 99.8%126th/215 · 2024 | 99.9%123rd/215 · 2024 |
| Safely managed drinking water % of population | 88.6%65th/150 · 2024 | 76.4%79th/150 · 2024 |
| Safely managed sanitation % of population | 55.0%79th/144 · 2024 | 62.8%69th/144 · 2024 |
| Internet users % of population | 84.5%84th/186 · 2024 | 70.0%124th/186 · 2025 |
| Mobile subscriptions per 100 people | 102135th/210 · 2024 | 79167th/210 · 2024 |
| Fixed broadband per 100 people | 24.178th/208 · 2024 | 3.2147th/208 · 2024 |
| Trade & transport infrastructure quality (LPI) score 1–5 | 3.2046th/164 · 2022 | 3.2046th/164 · 2022 |
| Rail lines route-km | 32,6222007 | 68,1034th/82 · 2021 |
| Air passengers carried passengers | 95.4 m10th/161 · 2023 | 180.4 m4th/161 · 2023 |
| Environment & energy | ||
| CO₂ emissions per person t CO₂e | 2.3295th/203 · 2024 | 2.1793rd/203 · 2024 |
| Renewable energy % of final energy use | 46.5%53rd/212 · 2021 | 34.9%69th/212 · 2021 |
| Air pollution (PM2.5) µg/m³ | 13.468th/200 · 2023 | 54.1190th/200 · 2023 |
| Forest area % of land area | 58.5%34th/214 · 2024 | 24.4%121st/214 · 2024 |
| Energy use per person kg oil eq. | 1,52874th/149 · 2024 | 777107th/149 · 2024 |
| Institutions & safety | ||
| Government effectiveness score 0–100 | 51.6111th/205 · 2025 | 62.664th/205 · 2025 |
| Control of corruption score 0–100 | 40.4123rd/207 · 2025 | 42.4112th/207 · 2025 |
| Rule of law score 0–100 | 50.6134th/207 · 2025 | 56.5106th/207 · 2025 |
| Political stability score 0–100 | 58.9143rd/207 · 2025 | 55.0162nd/207 · 2025 |
| Regulatory quality score 0–100 | 47.9131st/205 · 2025 | 52.6109th/205 · 2025 |
| Voice & accountability score 0–100 | 65.576th/205 · 2025 | 54.9110th/205 · 2025 |
| Homicide rate per 100,000 | 19.3129th/145 · 2023 | 2.883rd/145 · 2022 |
| Military | ||
| Military expenditure USD | $23.95 bn21st/156 · 2025 | $92.06 bn5th/156 · 2025 |
| Military expenditure % of GDP | 1.1%111th/156 · 2025 | 2.3%47th/156 · 2025 |
| Military expenditure % of government spending | 2.2%138th/154 · 2025 | 8.2%38th/154 · 2025 |
| Armed forces personnel people | 762,0008th/170 · 2020 | 3.1 m1st/170 · 2020 |
| Armed forces personnel % of labour force | 0.76%90th/168 · 2020 | 0.58%103rd/168 · 2020 |
| Arms imports (SIPRI TIV) TIV | 462.0 m23rd/163 · 2025 | 2.9 bn2nd/163 · 2025 |
| Arms exports (SIPRI TIV) TIV | 153.0 m18th/65 · 2025 | 81.0 m28th/65 · 2025 |
| Science & innovation | ||
| R&D spending % of GDP | 1.19%36th/110 · 2023 | 0.65%56th/110 · 2020 |
| Patent applications by residents applications | 5,75214th/137 · 2024 | 63,2175th/137 · 2024 |
| Scientific articles articles | 58,29213th/197 · 2023 | 228,1743rd/197 · 2023 |
Questions and answers
Which has more people, Brazil or India?
India has the larger population: 1.5 bn (2025) compared with 212.8 m for Brazil (2025). Source: World Bank, SP.POP.TOTL.
Which is bigger by area, Brazil or India?
Brazil is larger: 8,510,420 km² (2024) compared with 3,287,263 km² for India (2024). Source: World Bank, AG.SRF.TOTL.K2.
Which economy is larger, Brazil or India?
India has the larger economy at purchasing power parity: $17.20 trn intl. (2025) compared with $4.99 trn intl. for Brazil (2025). Source: World Bank, NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD.
Which is richer per person, Brazil or India?
Brazil has the higher GDP per person (PPP): $23,433 intl. (2025) compared with $11,748 intl. for India (2025). Source: World Bank, NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD.
Where do people live longer, in Brazil or India?
Brazil has the higher life expectancy at birth: 76.0 years (2024) compared with 72.2 years for India (2024). Source: World Bank, SP.DYN.LE00.IN.
Which spends more on the military, Brazil or India?
India spends more on the military: $92.06 bn (2025) compared with $23.95 bn for Brazil (2025). Source: World Bank, MS.MIL.XPND.CD.
Which ranks higher in the NationsTree Index, Brazil or India?
India: 56.6 points (64th in the world); Brazil: 51.4 points (82nd). The index combines foundations, economic strength, quality of life, problems and 5-year direction from public statistics.
Argentina
Australia
Canada
Chile
Colombia
Indonesia
Italy
Mexico
Bangladesh
Bhutan
NepalSources
World Bank World Development Indicators and Worldwide Governance Indicators, compiling UN agencies, the IMF, WHO, SIPRI and national statistical offices; every row links to its world ranking with the source series. See Sources & licences and Methodology.
Cite as: NationsTree (2026). Brazil vs India — country comparison. https://nationstree.org/compare/brazil-vs-india. Data as of 26 October 2026.