Brunei vs Papua New Guinea
Side-by-side comparison of Brunei and Papua New Guinea from official statistics: size, economy, people, trade, natural resources, health, infrastructure and military, with world ranks, years and sources.
Papua New Guinea
East Asia & Pacific · nation age 51 years
In short
Brunei scores 54.8 in the NationsTree Index (69th in the world) and Papua New Guinea scores 29.5 (164th), a gap of 25.4 points. Their trees are 4.0 m and 4.0 m tall; tree height grows with real GDP and is adjusted by the index.
Papua New Guinea has 23 times the population of Brunei. Papua New Guinea is 80 times larger than Brunei by land area. The economy of Papua New Guinea is 30% larger than that of Brunei (GDP at purchasing power parity). Population: Brunei 466,330 and Papua New Guinea 10.8 million (2025).
GDP per person at purchasing power parity is $92,430 in Brunei and $5,215 in Papua New Guinea (2025, international dollars). People in Brunei live on average 9.2 years longer (75.5 vs 66.3 years).
Of 31 indicators reported by both countries, Brunei ranks higher in the world on 23 and Papua New Guinea on 8. Brunei is clearly stronger in military, infrastructure & digital and institutions & safety. Papua New Guinea is clearly stronger in environment & energy, natural resources and land & people.
As a nation, Brunei is the older of the two (statehood since 1368, 658 years), compared with Papua New Guinea (since 1975). Over the last five years Papua New Guinea improved faster (direction score 72 vs 6 out of 100).
Where they differ most
The indicators with the biggest gap in world position between Brunei and Papua New Guinea.
Over time
How the two countries moved against each other, from the yearly data.
Papua New Guinea overtook Brunei in GDP (PPP) in 2015 and has stayed ahead since.
Brunei has been ahead of Papua New Guinea in the NationsTree Index in every year since 1996.
Brunei has been ahead of Papua New Guinea in GDP per person (PPP) and life expectancy in every year since 1990.
Papua New Guinea has been ahead of Brunei in population in every year since 1990.
Strength by category
Average world percentile of the indicators in each category (0–100, direction taken into account). i
All indicators
Latest available value for each country with its year and world rank. Green: the better world position of the two, red: the weaker one.
| Indicator | ||
|---|---|---|
| Land & people | ||
| Surface area km² | 5,770168th/216 · 2024 | 462,84056th/216 · 2024 |
| Land area km² | 5,270167th/216 · 2024 | 452,86054th/216 · 2024 |
| Population people | 466,330173rd/217 · 2025 | 10.8 m91st/217 · 2025 |
| Population growth % | 0.78%116th/217 · 2025 | 1.75%60th/217 · 2025 |
| Population density people/km² | 87.8114th/216 · 2024 | 23.4182nd/216 · 2024 |
| Urban population % | 75.0%74th/217 · 2025 | 15.8%216th/217 · 2025 |
| Population aged 0–14 % | 20.6%120th/217 · 2025 | 33.1%56th/217 · 2025 |
| Population aged 65+ % | 7.2%122nd/217 · 2025 | 3.6%176th/217 · 2025 |
| Economy | ||
| GDP USD | $15.03 bn146th/210 · 2025 | $32.50 bn111th/210 · 2025 |
| GDP (PPP) intl. USD | $43.10 bn137th/199 · 2025 | $56.13 bn131st/199 · 2025 |
| Real GDP (PPP, constant 2021 prices) intl. USD 2021 | $36.83 bn138th/199 · 2025 | $47.96 bn131st/199 · 2025 |
| GDP per person USD | $32,23555th/210 · 2025 | $3,020164th/210 · 2025 |
| GDP per person (PPP) intl. USD | $92,43010th/199 · 2025 | $5,215164th/199 · 2025 |
| GNI per person (Atlas) USD | $34,79044th/201 · 2025 | $2,890150th/201 · 2025 |
| GDP growth % | 0.7%182nd/210 · 2025 | 5.6%40th/210 · 2025 |
| Inflation % | -0.3%9th/180 · 2025 | 4.4%133rd/180 · 2025 |
| Unemployment % | 5.3%96th/187 · 2025 | 2.6%25th/187 · 2025 |
| Central government debt % of GDP | — | 52.0%27th/55 · 2024 |
| General government gross debt % of GDP | 1.6%3rd/189 · 2025 | 51.6%87th/189 · 2025 |
| Government budget balance % of GDP | -17.7%190th/192 · 2025 | -2.1%79th/192 · 2025 |
| Main industries | ||
| Agriculture, forestry, fishing % of GDP | 1.2%166th/197 · 2025 | 17.0%42nd/197 · 2024 |
| Industry incl. construction % of GDP | 60.0%3rd/200 · 2025 | 36.5%24th/200 · 2024 |
| Manufacturing % of GDP | 9.9%102nd/192 · 2025 | 1.6%179th/192 · 2024 |
| Services % of GDP | 40.2%185th/200 · 2025 | 42.0%181st/200 · 2024 |
| Trade | ||
| Exports of goods & services USD | $10.76 bn110th/182 · 2025 | $2.83 bn2004 |
| Imports of goods & services USD | $7.82 bn125th/182 · 2025 | $2.31 bn2004 |
| Exports % of GDP | 71.6%26th/183 · 2025 | 72.2%2004 |
| Imports % of GDP | 52.0%75th/183 · 2025 | 58.9%2004 |
| Trade openness % of GDP | 123.6%40th/183 · 2025 | 131.1%2004 |
| Fuel exports % of merchandise exports | 75.0%12th/170 · 2025 | 42.6%26th/170 · 2023 |
| Manufactures exports % of merchandise exports | 24.3%98th/171 · 2025 | 1.8%163rd/171 · 2023 |
| Food exports % of merchandise exports | 0.1%171st/171 · 2025 | 19.7%74th/171 · 2023 |
| Ores & metals exports % of merchandise exports | 0.2%159th/171 · 2025 | 29.8%19th/171 · 2023 |
| High-tech exports % of manufactured exports | 1.1%147th/168 · 2024 | 10.2%63rd/168 · 2023 |
| Current account balance % of GDP | 18.0%7th/191 · 2025 | 14.3%14th/191 · 2025 |
| Foreign direct investment, inflows % of GDP | 0.4%162nd/196 · 2025 | -3.6%193rd/196 · 2025 |
| Natural resources | ||
| Natural resource rents % of GDP | 24.3%18th/209 · 2021 | 27.4%14th/209 · 2021 |
| Oil rents % of GDP | 10.37%19th/197 · 2021 | 1.88%38th/197 · 2021 |
| Natural gas rents % of GDP | 13.86%2nd/197 · 2021 | 9.14%5th/197 · 2021 |
| Coal rents % of GDP | 0.00%68th/195 · 2021 | 0.00%68th/195 · 2021 |
| Mineral rents % of GDP | 0.00%91st/209 · 2021 | 14.41%8th/209 · 2021 |
| Forest rents % of GDP | 0.05%129th/209 · 2021 | 1.96%35th/209 · 2021 |
| Arable land % of land area | 0.8%189th/206 · 2024 | 0.7%190th/206 · 2024 |
| Renewable freshwater per person m³ | 18,66633rd/183 · 2022 | 78,5055th/183 · 2022 |
| Tourism | ||
| International tourist arrivals arrivals | 1.1 m95th/194 · 2020 | 39,000180th/194 · 2020 |
| Tourism receipts USD | $190.0 m129th/175 · 2018 | $4.2 m173rd/175 · 2018 |
| Tourism receipts % of exports | 2.7%114th/168 · 2018 | 0.0%167th/168 · 2018 |
| Outbound trips departures | — | 92,0002002 |
| Society & health | ||
| Life expectancy years | 75.5102nd/217 · 2024 | 66.3185th/217 · 2024 |
| Under-5 mortality per 1,000 births | 9.976th/196 · 2024 | 39.4158th/196 · 2024 |
| Physicians per 1,000 people | 1.8983rd/174 · 2021 | 0.06171st/174 · 2023 |
| Hospital beds per 1,000 people | 3.647th/145 · 2023 | 0.6134th/145 · 2023 |
| DPT immunization % of children 12–23 months | 99%1st/193 · 2024 | 42%190th/193 · 2024 |
| Completed lower secondary, 25+ % of adults | 88.7%54th/153 · 2023 | 34.5%124th/153 · 2022 |
| Secondary enrolment % gross | 91.8%92nd/173 · 2023 | 52.1%152nd/173 · 2023 |
| Social protection coverage (incl. pensions) % of population | — | 4.2%2009 |
| Old-age dependency ratio % of working-age population | 10.0%132nd/217 · 2025 | 5.7%186th/217 · 2025 |
| Health spending % of GDP | 2.2%191st/193 · 2023 | 2.9%181st/193 · 2023 |
| Adult literacy % | 96.1%2011 | 87.0%60th/98 · 2022 |
| Tertiary enrolment % gross | 36.4%100th/150 · 2023 | 1.9%1999 |
| Human Development Index index 0–1 | 0.83760th/193 · 2023 | 0.576160th/193 · 2023 |
| Income inequality (Gini) index | — | 41.92009 |
| Extreme poverty % of population | — | 52.2%2009 |
| Infrastructure & digital | ||
| Access to electricity % of population | 100.0%1st/215 · 2024 | 43.3%203rd/215 · 2024 |
| Safely managed sanitation % of population | — | 16.7%131st/144 · 2024 |
| Internet users % of population | 96.3%18th/186 · 2024 | 18.8%178th/186 · 2024 |
| Mobile subscriptions per 100 people | 11896th/210 · 2024 | 39206th/210 · 2024 |
| Fixed broadband per 100 people | 21.286th/208 · 2024 | 0.2188th/208 · 2024 |
| Trade & transport infrastructure quality (LPI) score 1–5 | 2.4694th/164 · 2018 | 2.4096th/164 · 2022 |
| Air passengers carried passengers | 820,886103rd/161 · 2023 | 1.5 m86th/161 · 2023 |
| Environment & energy | ||
| CO₂ emissions per person t CO₂e | 20.24199th/203 · 2024 | 0.5243rd/203 · 2024 |
| Renewable energy % of final energy use | 0.0%207th/212 · 2021 | 54.6%43rd/212 · 2022 |
| Air pollution (PM2.5) µg/m³ | 7.630th/200 · 2023 | 14.175th/200 · 2023 |
| Forest area % of land area | 72.1%16th/214 · 2024 | 75.2%10th/214 · 2024 |
| Energy use per person kg oil eq. | 8,9306th/149 · 2024 | — |
| Institutions & safety | ||
| Government effectiveness score 0–100 | 70.644th/205 · 2025 | 37.8158th/205 · 2025 |
| Control of corruption score 0–100 | 68.138th/207 · 2025 | 32.3156th/207 · 2025 |
| Rule of law score 0–100 | 69.755th/207 · 2025 | 49.2138th/207 · 2025 |
| Political stability score 0–100 | 91.95th/207 · 2025 | 56.0158th/207 · 2025 |
| Regulatory quality score 0–100 | 72.137th/205 · 2025 | 44.9144th/205 · 2025 |
| Voice & accountability score 0–100 | 40.2149th/205 · 2025 | 53.4116th/205 · 2025 |
| Homicide rate per 100,000 | 0.52013 | 9.32010 |
| Military | ||
| Military expenditure USD | $560.3 m102nd/156 · 2024 | $106.5 m139th/156 · 2025 |
| Military expenditure % of GDP | 3.7%15th/156 · 2024 | 0.4%150th/156 · 2025 |
| Military expenditure % of government spending | 12.2%23rd/154 · 2024 | 1.6%146th/154 · 2025 |
| Armed forces personnel people | 8,000140th/170 · 2020 | 4,000148th/170 · 2020 |
| Armed forces personnel % of labour force | 3.57%12th/168 · 2020 | 0.12%158th/168 · 2020 |
| Arms imports (SIPRI TIV) TIV | 28.0 m83rd/163 · 2024 | 9.0 m111th/163 · 2023 |
| Arms exports (SIPRI TIV) TIV | 12.0 m2016 | — |
| Science & innovation | ||
| R&D spending % of GDP | 0.28%2018 | 0.03%2016 |
| Patent applications by residents applications | 1126th/137 · 2024 | 1126th/137 · 2022 |
| Scientific articles articles | 50298th/197 · 2023 | 70147th/197 · 2023 |
Questions and answers
Which has more people, Brunei or Papua New Guinea?
Papua New Guinea has the larger population: 10.8 m (2025) compared with 466,330 for Brunei (2025). Source: World Bank, SP.POP.TOTL.
Which is bigger by area, Brunei or Papua New Guinea?
Papua New Guinea is larger: 462,840 km² (2024) compared with 5,770 km² for Brunei (2024). Source: World Bank, AG.SRF.TOTL.K2.
Which economy is larger, Brunei or Papua New Guinea?
Papua New Guinea has the larger economy at purchasing power parity: $56.13 bn intl. (2025) compared with $43.10 bn intl. for Brunei (2025). Source: World Bank, NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD.
Which is richer per person, Brunei or Papua New Guinea?
Brunei has the higher GDP per person (PPP): $92,430 intl. (2025) compared with $5,215 intl. for Papua New Guinea (2025). Source: World Bank, NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD.
Where do people live longer, in Brunei or Papua New Guinea?
Brunei has the higher life expectancy at birth: 75.5 years (2024) compared with 66.3 years for Papua New Guinea (2024). Source: World Bank, SP.DYN.LE00.IN.
Which spends more on the military, Brunei or Papua New Guinea?
Brunei spends more on the military: $560.3 m (2024) compared with $106.5 m for Papua New Guinea (2025). Source: World Bank, MS.MIL.XPND.CD.
Which ranks higher in the NationsTree Index, Brunei or Papua New Guinea?
Brunei: 54.8 points (69th in the world); Papua New Guinea: 29.5 points (164th). The index combines foundations, economic strength, quality of life, problems and 5-year direction from public statistics.
Sources
World Bank World Development Indicators and Worldwide Governance Indicators, compiling UN agencies, the IMF, WHO, SIPRI and national statistical offices; every row links to its world ranking with the source series. See Sources & licences and Methodology.
Cite as: NationsTree (2026). Brunei vs Papua New Guinea — country comparison. https://nationstree.org/compare/brunei-vs-papua-new-guinea. Data as of 26 October 2026.