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Czechia vs Poland
Side-by-side comparison of Czechia and Poland from official statistics: size, economy, people, trade, natural resources, health, infrastructure and military, with world ranks, years and sources.
Czechia
Europe & Central Asia · nation age 1,156 years
Poland
Europe & Central Asia · nation age 1,060 years
In short
Czechia scores 73.5 in the NationsTree Index (24th in the world) and Poland scores 73.4 (25th), a gap of 0.1 points. Their trees are 17 m and 30 m tall; tree height grows with real GDP and is adjusted by the index.
Poland has 3.3 times the population of Czechia. Poland is 4.0 times larger than Czechia by land area. Poland has an economy 3.0 times the size of Czechia (GDP at purchasing power parity). Population: Czechia 10.9 million and Poland 36.4 million (2025).
GDP per person at purchasing power parity is $60,487 in Czechia and $54,262 in Poland (2025, international dollars). People in Czechia live on average 1.6 years longer (80.0 vs 78.4 years).
Of 37 indicators reported by both countries, Czechia ranks higher in the world on 28 and Poland on 9. Czechia is clearly stronger in institutions & safety. Poland is clearly stronger in military, tourism and science & innovation.
As a nation, Czechia is the older of the two (statehood since 870, 1,156 years), compared with Poland (since 966). Over the last five years Poland improved faster (direction score 42 vs 29 out of 100).
Where they differ most
The indicators with the biggest gap in world position between Czechia and Poland.
Over time
How the two countries moved against each other, from the yearly data.
Czechia overtook Poland in the NationsTree Index in 2024 and has stayed ahead since.
Czechia has been ahead of Poland in GDP per person (PPP) and life expectancy in every year since 1990.
Poland has been ahead of Czechia in GDP (PPP) and population in every year since 1990.
Strength by category
Average world percentile of the indicators in each category (0–100, direction taken into account). i
CzechiaPoland All indicators
Latest available value for each country with its year and world rank. Green: the better world position of the two, red: the weaker one.
| Indicator | Czechia | Poland |
|---|---|---|
| Land & people | ||
| Surface area km² | 78,871118th/216 · 2024 | 313,94070th/216 · 2024 |
| Land area km² | 77,156115th/216 · 2024 | 306,07070th/216 · 2024 |
| Population people | 10.9 m88th/217 · 2025 | 36.4 m44th/217 · 2025 |
| Population growth % | -0.17%187th/217 · 2025 | -0.34%193rd/217 · 2025 |
| Population density people/km² | 141.382nd/216 · 2024 | 119.491st/216 · 2024 |
| Urban population % | 72.9%79th/217 · 2025 | 60.1%125th/217 · 2025 |
| Population aged 0–14 % | 15.1%177th/217 · 2025 | 14.5%188th/217 · 2025 |
| Population aged 65+ % | 21.2%24th/217 · 2025 | 20.8%31st/217 · 2025 |
| Economy | ||
| GDP USD | $391.03 bn42nd/210 · 2025 | $1.04 trn21st/210 · 2025 |
| GDP (PPP) intl. USD | $658.52 bn46th/199 · 2025 | $1.98 trn21st/199 · 2025 |
| Real GDP (PPP, constant 2021 prices) intl. USD 2021 | $536.64 bn47th/199 · 2025 | $1.71 trn20th/199 · 2025 |
| GDP per person USD | $35,91749th/210 · 2025 | $28,42060th/210 · 2025 |
| GDP per person (PPP) intl. USD | $60,48737th/199 · 2025 | $54,26246th/199 · 2025 |
| GNI per person (Atlas) USD | $32,96045th/201 · 2025 | $25,52055th/201 · 2025 |
| GDP growth % | 2.6%130th/210 · 2025 | 3.6%96th/210 · 2025 |
| Inflation % | 2.5%77th/180 · 2025 | 3.8%114th/180 · 2025 |
| Unemployment % | 2.8%34th/187 · 2025 | 3.0%39th/187 · 2025 |
| Central government debt % of GDP | 14.0%1994 | 60.5%1994 |
| General government gross debt % of GDP | 44.2%72nd/189 · 2025 | 59.7%113th/189 · 2025 |
| Government budget balance % of GDP | -2.1%79th/192 · 2025 | -7.3%174th/192 · 2025 |
| Main industries | ||
| Agriculture, forestry, fishing % of GDP | 1.9%147th/197 · 2025 | 2.5%141st/197 · 2025 |
| Industry incl. construction % of GDP | 28.7%60th/200 · 2025 | 25.8%75th/200 · 2025 |
| Manufacturing % of GDP | 19.4%23rd/192 · 2025 | 15.0%41st/192 · 2025 |
| Services % of GDP | 60.8%80th/200 · 2025 | 59.7%87th/200 · 2025 |
| Trade | ||
| Exports of goods & services USD | $261.77 bn33rd/182 · 2025 | $517.23 bn20th/182 · 2025 |
| Imports of goods & services USD | $238.90 bn33rd/182 · 2025 | $487.51 bn19th/182 · 2025 |
| Exports % of GDP | 66.9%33rd/183 · 2025 | 50.0%52nd/183 · 2025 |
| Imports % of GDP | 61.1%53rd/183 · 2025 | 47.1%87th/183 · 2025 |
| Trade openness % of GDP | 128.0%37th/183 · 2025 | 97.0%66th/183 · 2025 |
| Fuel exports % of merchandise exports | 1.9%102nd/170 · 2025 | 2.1%99th/170 · 2025 |
| Manufactures exports % of merchandise exports | 90.0%5th/171 · 2025 | 77.8%26th/171 · 2025 |
| Food exports % of merchandise exports | 5.5%138th/171 · 2025 | 15.6%88th/171 · 2025 |
| Ores & metals exports % of merchandise exports | 1.4%124th/171 · 2025 | 3.2%84th/171 · 2025 |
| High-tech exports % of manufactured exports | 22.4%30th/168 · 2024 | 13.5%51st/168 · 2024 |
| Current account balance % of GDP | 0.7%70th/191 · 2025 | -1.0%91st/191 · 2025 |
| Foreign direct investment, inflows % of GDP | 2.7%77th/196 · 2025 | 2.0%101st/196 · 2025 |
| Natural resources | ||
| Natural resource rents % of GDP | 0.4%138th/209 · 2021 | 1.0%117th/209 · 2021 |
| Oil rents % of GDP | 0.01%107th/197 · 2021 | 0.04%86th/197 · 2021 |
| Natural gas rents % of GDP | 0.01%79th/197 · 2021 | 0.10%59th/197 · 2021 |
| Coal rents % of GDP | 0.09%31st/195 · 2021 | 0.25%21st/195 · 2021 |
| Mineral rents % of GDP | 0.00%91st/209 · 2021 | 0.48%56th/209 · 2021 |
| Forest rents % of GDP | 0.28%84th/209 · 2021 | 0.16%99th/209 · 2021 |
| Arable land % of land area | 32.7%23rd/206 · 2024 | 36.6%17th/206 · 2024 |
| Renewable freshwater per person m³ | 1,232121st/183 · 2022 | 1,456112th/183 · 2022 |
| Tourism | ||
| International tourist arrivals arrivals | 37.2 m7th/194 · 2019 | 88.5 m2nd/194 · 2019 |
| Tourism receipts USD | $3.89 bn36th/175 · 2020 | $8.38 bn23rd/175 · 2020 |
| Tourism receipts % of exports | 2.3%124th/168 · 2020 | 2.6%117th/168 · 2020 |
| Outbound trips departures | 2.4 m45th/107 · 2020 | 50.6 m3rd/107 · 2019 |
| Society & health | ||
| Life expectancy years | 80.053rd/217 · 2024 | 78.462nd/217 · 2024 |
| Under-5 mortality per 1,000 births | 2.613th/196 · 2024 | 4.234th/196 · 2024 |
| Physicians per 1,000 people | 4.3522nd/174 · 2022 | 4.0330th/174 · 2023 |
| Hospital beds per 1,000 people | 6.511th/145 · 2022 | 6.015th/145 · 2022 |
| DPT immunization % of children 12–23 months | 86%125th/193 · 2024 | 94%66th/193 · 2024 |
| Completed lower secondary, 25+ % of adults | 99.9%2nd/153 · 2023 | 88.2%55th/153 · 2021 |
| Secondary enrolment % gross | 97.6%71st/173 · 2023 | 107.9%31st/173 · 2024 |
| Social protection coverage (incl. pensions) % of population | — | 79.2%11th/55 · 2019 |
| Old-age dependency ratio % of working-age population | 33.2%24th/217 · 2025 | 32.0%32nd/217 · 2025 |
| Health spending % of GDP | 8.5%51st/193 · 2024 | 8.1%61st/193 · 2024 |
| Tertiary enrolment % gross | 66.7%54th/150 · 2023 | 80.9%24th/150 · 2024 |
| Human Development Index index 0–1 | 0.91529th/193 · 2023 | 0.90635th/193 · 2023 |
| Income inequality (Gini) index | 25.75th/108 · 2023 | 28.515th/108 · 2023 |
| Extreme poverty % of population | 0.0%1st/108 · 2023 | 0.2%18th/108 · 2023 |
| Infrastructure & digital | ||
| Access to electricity % of population | 100.0%1st/215 · 2024 | 100.0%1st/215 · 2024 |
| Safely managed drinking water % of population | 98.1%37th/150 · 2024 | 88.7%64th/150 · 2024 |
| Safely managed sanitation % of population | 91.4%34th/144 · 2024 | 97.8%14th/144 · 2024 |
| Internet users % of population | 87.7%72nd/186 · 2024 | 88.6%67th/186 · 2024 |
| Mobile subscriptions per 100 people | 12768th/210 · 2024 | 13846th/210 · 2024 |
| Fixed broadband per 100 people | 38.928th/208 · 2024 | 25.474th/208 · 2024 |
| Trade & transport infrastructure quality (LPI) score 1–5 | 3.0054th/164 · 2022 | 3.5038th/164 · 2022 |
| Rail lines route-km | 9,35720th/82 · 2021 | 18,62010th/82 · 2021 |
| Air passengers carried passengers | 2.2 m77th/161 · 2023 | 8.8 m50th/161 · 2023 |
| Environment & energy | ||
| CO₂ emissions per person t CO₂e | 7.13170th/203 · 2024 | 7.55174th/203 · 2024 |
| Renewable energy % of final energy use | 17.2%117th/212 · 2021 | 15.2%122nd/212 · 2021 |
| Air pollution (PM2.5) µg/m³ | 12.765th/200 · 2023 | 16.594th/200 · 2023 |
| Forest area % of land area | 38.4%85th/214 · 2024 | 31.0%110th/214 · 2024 |
| Energy use per person kg oil eq. | 3,41727th/149 · 2024 | 2,62240th/149 · 2024 |
| Institutions & safety | ||
| Government effectiveness score 0–100 | 77.827th/205 · 2025 | 68.651st/205 · 2025 |
| Control of corruption score 0–100 | 63.847th/207 · 2025 | 65.245th/207 · 2025 |
| Rule of law score 0–100 | 77.931st/207 · 2025 | 68.066th/207 · 2025 |
| Political stability score 0–100 | 83.540th/207 · 2025 | 77.866th/207 · 2025 |
| Regulatory quality score 0–100 | 74.026th/205 · 2025 | 69.142nd/205 · 2025 |
| Voice & accountability score 0–100 | 79.324th/205 · 2025 | 72.752nd/205 · 2025 |
| Homicide rate per 100,000 | 0.828th/145 · 2023 | 0.830th/145 · 2023 |
| Military | ||
| Military expenditure USD | $7.05 bn39th/156 · 2025 | $46.76 bn14th/156 · 2025 |
| Military expenditure % of GDP | 1.8%75th/156 · 2025 | 4.5%13th/156 · 2025 |
| Military expenditure % of government spending | 4.2%101st/154 · 2025 | 9.0%34th/154 · 2025 |
| Armed forces personnel people | 27,00091st/170 · 2020 | 189,00034th/170 · 2020 |
| Armed forces personnel % of labour force | 0.51%115th/168 · 2020 | 1.04%62nd/168 · 2020 |
| Arms imports (SIPRI TIV) TIV | 19.0 m91st/163 · 2025 | 2.2 bn4th/163 · 2025 |
| Arms exports (SIPRI TIV) TIV | 137.0 m19th/65 · 2025 | 59.0 m31st/65 · 2025 |
| Science & innovation | ||
| R&D spending % of GDP | 1.83%22nd/110 · 2023 | 1.56%27th/110 · 2023 |
| Patent applications by residents applications | 46347th/137 · 2024 | 3,36316th/137 · 2024 |
| Scientific articles articles | 13,40938th/197 · 2023 | 31,21819th/197 · 2023 |
Questions and answers
Which has more people, Czechia or Poland?
Poland has the larger population: 36.4 m (2025) compared with 10.9 m for Czechia (2025). Source: World Bank, SP.POP.TOTL.
Which is bigger by area, Czechia or Poland?
Poland is larger: 313,940 km² (2024) compared with 78,871 km² for Czechia (2024). Source: World Bank, AG.SRF.TOTL.K2.
Which economy is larger, Czechia or Poland?
Poland has the larger economy at purchasing power parity: $1.98 trn intl. (2025) compared with $658.52 bn intl. for Czechia (2025). Source: World Bank, NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD.
Which is richer per person, Czechia or Poland?
Czechia has the higher GDP per person (PPP): $60,487 intl. (2025) compared with $54,262 intl. for Poland (2025). Source: World Bank, NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD.
Where do people live longer, in Czechia or Poland?
Czechia has the higher life expectancy at birth: 80.0 years (2024) compared with 78.4 years for Poland (2024). Source: World Bank, SP.DYN.LE00.IN.
Which spends more on the military, Czechia or Poland?
Poland spends more on the military: $46.76 bn (2025) compared with $7.05 bn for Czechia (2025). Source: World Bank, MS.MIL.XPND.CD.
Which ranks higher in the NationsTree Index, Czechia or Poland?
Czechia: 73.5 points (24th in the world); Poland: 73.4 points (25th). The index combines foundations, economic strength, quality of life, problems and 5-year direction from public statistics.
Norway
Portugal
Ukraine
Italy
Netherlands
TürkiyeSources
World Bank World Development Indicators and Worldwide Governance Indicators, compiling UN agencies, the IMF, WHO, SIPRI and national statistical offices; every row links to its world ranking with the source series. See Sources & licences and Methodology.
Cite as: NationsTree (2026). Czechia vs Poland — country comparison. https://nationstree.org/compare/czechia-vs-poland. Data as of 26 October 2026.