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Latvia vs Luxembourg
Side-by-side comparison of Latvia and Luxembourg from official statistics: size, economy, people, trade, natural resources, health, infrastructure and military, with world ranks, years and sources.
Latvia
Europe & Central Asia · nation age 108 years
Luxembourg
Europe & Central Asia · nation age 1,063 years
In short
Luxembourg scores 73.2 in the NationsTree Index (27th in the world) and Latvia scores 64.3 (49th), a gap of 8.9 points. Their trees are 5.8 m and 6.7 m tall; tree height grows with real GDP and is adjusted by the index.
Latvia has 2.7 times the population of Luxembourg. Latvia is 25 times larger than Luxembourg by land area. The economy of Luxembourg is 26% larger than that of Latvia (GDP at purchasing power parity). Population: Latvia 1.8 million and Luxembourg 686,970 (2025).
GDP per person at purchasing power parity is $156,542 in Luxembourg and $46,137 in Latvia (2025, international dollars). People in Luxembourg live on average 6.8 years longer (83.2 vs 76.4 years).
Of 36 indicators reported by both countries, Latvia ranks higher in the world on 8 and Luxembourg on 28. Latvia is clearly stronger in military, main industries and natural resources. Luxembourg is clearly stronger in economy, institutions & safety and land & people.
As a nation, Luxembourg is the older of the two (statehood since 963, 1,063 years), compared with Latvia (since 1918). Over the last five years Latvia improved faster (direction score 40 vs 31 out of 100).
Where they differ most
The indicators with the biggest gap in world position between Latvia and Luxembourg.
Latviabetter
82.9%
21st of 150
Luxembourg
22.4%
117th of 150
Life expectancySociety & health
Latvia
76.4
95th of 217
Luxembourgbetter
83.2
18th of 217
High-tech exportsTrade
Latviabetter
17.5%
43rd of 168
Luxembourg
5.1%
101st of 168
Renewable freshwater per personNatural resources
Latviabetter
9,014
50th of 183
Luxembourg
1,531
110th of 183
CO₂ emissions per personEnvironment & energy
Latviabetter
3.65
125th of 203
Luxembourg
10.56
185th of 203
Over time
How the two countries moved against each other, from the yearly data.
Luxembourg overtook Latvia in GDP (PPP) in 1992 and has stayed ahead since.
Luxembourg has been ahead of Latvia in the NationsTree Index in every year since 1996.
Luxembourg has been ahead of Latvia in GDP per person (PPP) and life expectancy in every year since 1990.
Latvia has been ahead of Luxembourg in population in every year since 1990.
Strength by category
Average world percentile of the indicators in each category (0–100, direction taken into account). i
LatviaLuxembourg All indicators
Latest available value for each country with its year and world rank. Green: the better world position of the two, red: the weaker one.
| Indicator | Latvia | Luxembourg |
|---|---|---|
| Land & people | ||
| Surface area km² | 64,590125th/216 · 2024 | 2,590174th/216 · 2024 |
| Land area km² | 62,230122nd/216 · 2024 | 2,574172nd/216 · 2024 |
| Population people | 1.8 m150th/217 · 2025 | 686,970166th/217 · 2025 |
| Population growth % | -0.99%209th/217 · 2025 | 1.46%72nd/217 · 2025 |
| Population density people/km² | 30.0172nd/216 · 2024 | 263.049th/216 · 2024 |
| Urban population % | 68.6%96th/217 · 2025 | 94.9%19th/217 · 2025 |
| Population aged 0–14 % | 15.2%176th/217 · 2025 | 15.7%169th/217 · 2025 |
| Population aged 65+ % | 22.2%20th/217 · 2025 | 15.8%65th/217 · 2025 |
| Economy | ||
| GDP USD | $48.62 bn100th/210 · 2025 | $101.16 bn75th/210 · 2025 |
| GDP (PPP) intl. USD | $85.25 bn109th/199 · 2025 | $107.54 bn101st/199 · 2025 |
| Real GDP (PPP, constant 2021 prices) intl. USD 2021 | $71.70 bn109th/199 · 2025 | $87.53 bn102nd/199 · 2025 |
| GDP per person USD | $26,31264th/210 · 2025 | $147,2523rd/210 · 2025 |
| GDP per person (PPP) intl. USD | $46,13757th/199 · 2025 | $156,5422nd/199 · 2025 |
| GNI per person (Atlas) USD | $24,98058th/201 · 2025 | $95,7204th/201 · 2025 |
| GDP growth % | 2.1%141st/210 · 2025 | 0.6%183rd/210 · 2025 |
| Inflation % | 3.7%111th/180 · 2025 | 2.3%67th/180 · 2025 |
| Unemployment % | 6.6%120th/187 · 2025 | 6.3%116th/187 · 2025 |
| Central government debt % of GDP | 7.4%1994 | 2.9%1993 |
| General government gross debt % of GDP | 46.9%78th/189 · 2025 | 26.5%25th/189 · 2025 |
| Government budget balance % of GDP | -4.0%133rd/192 · 2025 | -2.0%77th/192 · 2025 |
| Main industries | ||
| Agriculture, forestry, fishing % of GDP | 4.0%114th/197 · 2025 | 0.2%191st/197 · 2025 |
| Industry incl. construction % of GDP | 18.7%133rd/200 · 2025 | 8.9%190th/200 · 2025 |
| Manufacturing % of GDP | 10.0%100th/192 · 2025 | 3.7%165th/192 · 2025 |
| Services % of GDP | 64.2%60th/200 · 2025 | 81.4%9th/200 · 2025 |
| Trade | ||
| Exports of goods & services USD | $30.42 bn82nd/182 · 2025 | $192.73 bn35th/182 · 2025 |
| Imports of goods & services USD | $32.65 bn80th/182 · 2025 | $161.21 bn38th/182 · 2025 |
| Exports % of GDP | 62.6%36th/183 · 2025 | 190.5%2nd/183 · 2025 |
| Imports % of GDP | 67.2%42nd/183 · 2025 | 159.4%2nd/183 · 2025 |
| Trade openness % of GDP | 129.7%34th/183 · 2025 | 349.9%2nd/183 · 2025 |
| Fuel exports % of merchandise exports | 8.5%56th/170 · 2025 | 0.1%132nd/170 · 2025 |
| Manufactures exports % of merchandise exports | 55.5%62nd/171 · 2025 | 78.6%21st/171 · 2025 |
| Food exports % of merchandise exports | 22.1%66th/171 · 2025 | 12.7%102nd/171 · 2025 |
| Ores & metals exports % of merchandise exports | 1.7%114th/171 · 2025 | 4.7%64th/171 · 2025 |
| High-tech exports % of manufactured exports | 17.5%43rd/168 · 2024 | 5.1%101st/168 · 2024 |
| Current account balance % of GDP | -5.3%143rd/191 · 2025 | 4.8%38th/191 · 2025 |
| Foreign direct investment, inflows % of GDP | 0.8%149th/196 · 2025 | -32.7%196th/196 · 2025 |
| Natural resources | ||
| Natural resource rents % of GDP | 1.2%114th/209 · 2021 | 0.0%175th/209 · 2021 |
| Oil rents % of GDP | 0.07%81st/197 · 2021 | 0.00%120th/197 · 2021 |
| Natural gas rents % of GDP | 0.00%100th/197 · 2021 | 0.00%100th/197 · 2021 |
| Coal rents % of GDP | 0.00%68th/195 · 2021 | 0.00%68th/195 · 2021 |
| Mineral rents % of GDP | 0.00%91st/209 · 2021 | 0.00%91st/209 · 2021 |
| Forest rents % of GDP | 1.10%52nd/209 · 2021 | 0.00%159th/209 · 2021 |
| Arable land % of land area | 21.8%49th/206 · 2024 | 23.8%42nd/206 · 2024 |
| Renewable freshwater per person m³ | 9,01450th/183 · 2022 | 1,531110th/183 · 2022 |
| Tourism | ||
| International tourist arrivals arrivals | 3.2 m52nd/194 · 2020 | 525,000120th/194 · 2020 |
| Tourism receipts USD | $880.0 m2007 | $4.45 bn33rd/175 · 2020 |
| Tourism receipts % of exports | 7.3%2007 | 3.0%108th/168 · 2020 |
| Outbound trips departures | 690,00070th/107 · 2020 | 1.5 m59th/107 · 2020 |
| Society & health | ||
| Life expectancy years | 76.495th/217 · 2024 | 83.218th/217 · 2024 |
| Under-5 mortality per 1,000 births | 2.510th/196 · 2024 | 2.23rd/196 · 2024 |
| Physicians per 1,000 people | 3.4049th/174 · 2022 | 2.982017 |
| Hospital beds per 1,000 people | 5.024th/145 · 2023 | 4.040th/145 · 2023 |
| DPT immunization % of children 12–23 months | 97%29th/193 · 2024 | 99%1st/193 · 2024 |
| Completed lower secondary, 25+ % of adults | 98.7%12th/153 · 2023 | 90.7%46th/153 · 2023 |
| Secondary enrolment % gross | 101.3%57th/173 · 2024 | 108.6%27th/173 · 2024 |
| Social protection coverage (incl. pensions) % of population | 80.3%2009 | — |
| Old-age dependency ratio % of working-age population | 35.4%17th/217 · 2025 | 23.1%63rd/217 · 2025 |
| Health spending % of GDP | 7.3%80th/193 · 2023 | 5.9%107th/193 · 2024 |
| Adult literacy % | 99.9%2011 | — |
| Tertiary enrolment % gross | 82.9%21st/150 · 2024 | 22.4%117th/150 · 2024 |
| Human Development Index index 0–1 | 0.88941st/193 · 2023 | 0.92225th/193 · 2023 |
| Income inequality (Gini) index | 34.055th/108 · 2023 | 33.649th/108 · 2023 |
| Extreme poverty % of population | 0.4%27th/108 · 2023 | 0.1%10th/108 · 2023 |
| Infrastructure & digital | ||
| Access to electricity % of population | 100.0%1st/215 · 2024 | 100.0%1st/215 · 2024 |
| Safely managed drinking water % of population | 97.0%40th/150 · 2024 | 99.7%21st/150 · 2024 |
| Safely managed sanitation % of population | 92.5%31st/144 · 2024 | 96.3%20th/144 · 2024 |
| Internet users % of population | 92.7%41st/186 · 2024 | 99.1%6th/186 · 2025 |
| Mobile subscriptions per 100 people | 12185th/210 · 2024 | 14435th/210 · 2023 |
| Fixed broadband per 100 people | 25.873rd/208 · 2024 | 40.325th/208 · 2024 |
| Trade & transport infrastructure quality (LPI) score 1–5 | 3.3043rd/164 · 2022 | 3.6029th/164 · 2022 |
| Rail lines route-km | 1,85953rd/82 · 2021 | 27180th/82 · 2021 |
| Air passengers carried passengers | 4.5 m62nd/161 · 2023 | 2.5 m75th/161 · 2023 |
| Environment & energy | ||
| CO₂ emissions per person t CO₂e | 3.65125th/203 · 2024 | 10.56185th/203 · 2024 |
| Renewable energy % of final energy use | 44.0%55th/212 · 2021 | 20.5%104th/212 · 2021 |
| Air pollution (PM2.5) µg/m³ | 13.066th/200 · 2023 | 7.427th/200 · 2023 |
| Forest area % of land area | 55.6%43rd/214 · 2024 | 34.5%97th/214 · 2024 |
| Energy use per person kg oil eq. | 2,26351st/149 · 2024 | 4,52219th/149 · 2024 |
| Institutions & safety | ||
| Government effectiveness score 0–100 | 69.350th/205 · 2025 | 92.83rd/205 · 2025 |
| Control of corruption score 0–100 | 63.649th/207 · 2025 | 86.97th/207 · 2025 |
| Rule of law score 0–100 | 76.332nd/207 · 2025 | 86.87th/207 · 2025 |
| Political stability score 0–100 | 79.857th/207 · 2025 | 86.527th/207 · 2025 |
| Regulatory quality score 0–100 | 73.130th/205 · 2025 | 83.86th/205 · 2025 |
| Voice & accountability score 0–100 | 78.327th/205 · 2025 | 87.17th/205 · 2025 |
| Homicide rate per 100,000 | 2.577th/145 · 2023 | 1.559th/145 · 2022 |
| Military | ||
| Military expenditure USD | $1.73 bn68th/156 · 2025 | $855.4 m86th/156 · 2025 |
| Military expenditure % of GDP | 3.6%16th/156 · 2025 | 0.9%127th/156 · 2025 |
| Military expenditure % of government spending | 8.2%39th/154 · 2025 | 1.8%145th/154 · 2025 |
| Armed forces personnel people | 9,000136th/170 · 2020 | 1,000161st/170 · 2020 |
| Armed forces personnel % of labour force | 0.92%76th/168 · 2020 | 0.31%145th/168 · 2020 |
| Arms imports (SIPRI TIV) TIV | 19.0 m91st/163 · 2024 | 11.0 m105th/163 · 2025 |
| Arms exports (SIPRI TIV) TIV | 1.0 m61st/65 · 2025 | 02007 |
| Science & innovation | ||
| R&D spending % of GDP | 0.82%46th/110 · 2023 | 1.07%38th/110 · 2023 |
| Patent applications by residents applications | 8474th/137 · 2024 | 11968th/137 · 2024 |
| Scientific articles articles | 1,73675th/197 · 2023 | 1,17685th/197 · 2023 |
Questions and answers
Which has more people, Latvia or Luxembourg?
Latvia has the larger population: 1.8 m (2025) compared with 686,970 for Luxembourg (2025). Source: World Bank, SP.POP.TOTL.
Which is bigger by area, Latvia or Luxembourg?
Latvia is larger: 64,590 km² (2024) compared with 2,590 km² for Luxembourg (2024). Source: World Bank, AG.SRF.TOTL.K2.
Which economy is larger, Latvia or Luxembourg?
Luxembourg has the larger economy at purchasing power parity: $107.54 bn intl. (2025) compared with $85.25 bn intl. for Latvia (2025). Source: World Bank, NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD.
Which is richer per person, Latvia or Luxembourg?
Luxembourg has the higher GDP per person (PPP): $156,542 intl. (2025) compared with $46,137 intl. for Latvia (2025). Source: World Bank, NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD.
Where do people live longer, in Latvia or Luxembourg?
Luxembourg has the higher life expectancy at birth: 83.2 years (2024) compared with 76.4 years for Latvia (2024). Source: World Bank, SP.DYN.LE00.IN.
Which spends more on the military, Latvia or Luxembourg?
Latvia spends more on the military: $1.73 bn (2025) compared with $855.4 m for Luxembourg (2025). Source: World Bank, MS.MIL.XPND.CD.
Which ranks higher in the NationsTree Index, Latvia or Luxembourg?
Luxembourg: 73.2 points (27th in the world); Latvia: 64.3 points (49th). The index combines foundations, economic strength, quality of life, problems and 5-year direction from public statistics.
Armenia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Estonia
Georgia
Kyrgyzstan
SloveniaSources
World Bank World Development Indicators and Worldwide Governance Indicators, compiling UN agencies, the IMF, WHO, SIPRI and national statistical offices; every row links to its world ranking with the source series. See Sources & licences and Methodology.
Cite as: NationsTree (2026). Latvia vs Luxembourg — country comparison. https://nationstree.org/compare/latvia-vs-luxembourg. Data as of 26 October 2026.