Bosnia and Herzegovina vs Luxembourg
Side-by-side comparison of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Luxembourg from official statistics: size, economy, people, trade, natural resources, health, infrastructure and military, with world ranks, years and sources.
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Europe & Central Asia · nation age 34 years
Luxembourg
Europe & Central Asia · nation age 1,063 years
In short
Luxembourg scores 73.2 in the NationsTree Index (27th in the world) and Bosnia and Herzegovina scores 54.7 (70th), a gap of 18.4 points. Their trees are 5.3 m and 6.7 m tall; tree height grows with real GDP and is adjusted by the index.
Bosnia and Herzegovina has 4.6 times the population of Luxembourg. Bosnia and Herzegovina is 20 times larger than Luxembourg by land area. The economy of Luxembourg is 33% larger than that of Bosnia and Herzegovina (GDP at purchasing power parity). Population: Bosnia and Herzegovina 3.1 million and Luxembourg 686,970 (2025).
GDP per person at purchasing power parity is $156,542 in Luxembourg and $25,814 in Bosnia and Herzegovina (2025, international dollars). People in Luxembourg live on average 5.2 years longer (83.2 vs 78.0 years).
Of 35 indicators reported by both countries, Bosnia and Herzegovina ranks higher in the world on 9 and Luxembourg on 26. Bosnia and Herzegovina is clearly stronger in main industries and natural resources. Luxembourg is clearly stronger in institutions & safety, infrastructure & digital and science & innovation.
As a nation, Luxembourg is the older of the two (statehood since 963, 1,063 years), compared with Bosnia and Herzegovina (since 1992). Over the last five years Bosnia and Herzegovina improved faster (direction score 88 vs 31 out of 100).
Where they differ most
The indicators with the biggest gap in world position between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Luxembourg.
Over time
How the two countries moved against each other, from the yearly data.
Luxembourg has been ahead of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the NationsTree Index in every year since 1996.
Luxembourg has been ahead of Bosnia and Herzegovina in GDP per person (PPP), GDP (PPP) and life expectancy in every year since 1990.
Bosnia and Herzegovina has been ahead of Luxembourg in population in every year since 1990.
Strength by category
Average world percentile of the indicators in each category (0–100, direction taken into account). i
All indicators
Latest available value for each country with its year and world rank. Green: the better world position of the two, red: the weaker one.
| Indicator | ||
|---|---|---|
| Land & people | ||
| Surface area km² | 51,210127th/216 · 2023 | 2,590174th/216 · 2024 |
| Land area km² | 51,200126th/216 · 2024 | 2,574172nd/216 · 2024 |
| Population people | 3.1 m135th/217 · 2025 | 686,970166th/217 · 2025 |
| Population growth % | -0.77%208th/217 · 2025 | 1.46%72nd/217 · 2025 |
| Population density people/km² | 61.8142nd/216 · 2024 | 263.049th/216 · 2024 |
| Urban population % | 52.7%149th/217 · 2025 | 94.9%19th/217 · 2025 |
| Population aged 0–14 % | 12.8%207th/217 · 2025 | 15.7%169th/217 · 2025 |
| Population aged 65+ % | 22.9%15th/217 · 2025 | 15.8%65th/217 · 2025 |
| Economy | ||
| GDP USD | $32.60 bn110th/210 · 2025 | $101.16 bn75th/210 · 2025 |
| GDP (PPP) intl. USD | $81.06 bn112th/199 · 2025 | $107.54 bn101st/199 · 2025 |
| Real GDP (PPP, constant 2021 prices) intl. USD 2021 | $66.50 bn112th/199 · 2025 | $87.53 bn102nd/199 · 2025 |
| GDP per person USD | $10,382103rd/210 · 2025 | $147,2523rd/210 · 2025 |
| GDP per person (PPP) intl. USD | $25,81491st/199 · 2025 | $156,5422nd/199 · 2025 |
| GNI per person (Atlas) USD | $9,94093rd/201 · 2025 | $95,7204th/201 · 2025 |
| GDP growth % | 2.1%142nd/210 · 2025 | 0.6%183rd/210 · 2025 |
| Inflation % | 4.0%121st/180 · 2025 | 2.3%67th/180 · 2025 |
| Unemployment % | 11.0%155th/187 · 2025 | 6.3%116th/187 · 2025 |
| Central government debt % of GDP | 39.7%15th/55 · 2024 | 2.9%1993 |
| General government gross debt % of GDP | 28.8%30th/189 · 2025 | 26.5%25th/189 · 2025 |
| Government budget balance % of GDP | -2.5%92nd/192 · 2025 | -2.0%77th/192 · 2025 |
| Main industries | ||
| Agriculture, forestry, fishing % of GDP | 4.4%112th/197 · 2025 | 0.2%191st/197 · 2025 |
| Industry incl. construction % of GDP | 21.5%118th/200 · 2025 | 8.9%190th/200 · 2025 |
| Manufacturing % of GDP | 12.0%79th/192 · 2025 | 3.7%165th/192 · 2025 |
| Services % of GDP | 57.7%101st/200 · 2025 | 81.4%9th/200 · 2025 |
| Trade | ||
| Exports of goods & services USD | $13.37 bn101st/182 · 2025 | $192.73 bn35th/182 · 2025 |
| Imports of goods & services USD | $17.64 bn99th/182 · 2025 | $161.21 bn38th/182 · 2025 |
| Exports % of GDP | 41.0%77th/183 · 2025 | 190.5%2nd/183 · 2025 |
| Imports % of GDP | 54.1%66th/183 · 2025 | 159.4%2nd/183 · 2025 |
| Trade openness % of GDP | 95.1%70th/183 · 2025 | 349.9%2nd/183 · 2025 |
| Fuel exports % of merchandise exports | 6.5%66th/170 · 2025 | 0.1%132nd/170 · 2025 |
| Manufactures exports % of merchandise exports | 72.2%38th/171 · 2025 | 78.6%21st/171 · 2025 |
| Food exports % of merchandise exports | 7.4%126th/171 · 2025 | 12.7%102nd/171 · 2025 |
| Ores & metals exports % of merchandise exports | 9.7%38th/171 · 2025 | 4.7%64th/171 · 2025 |
| High-tech exports % of manufactured exports | 6.2%89th/168 · 2024 | 5.1%101st/168 · 2024 |
| Current account balance % of GDP | -3.1%118th/191 · 2025 | 4.8%38th/191 · 2025 |
| Foreign direct investment, inflows % of GDP | 2.6%79th/196 · 2025 | -32.7%196th/196 · 2025 |
| Natural resources | ||
| Natural resource rents % of GDP | 0.8%122nd/209 · 2021 | 0.0%175th/209 · 2021 |
| Oil rents % of GDP | 0.00%120th/197 · 2021 | 0.00%120th/197 · 2021 |
| Natural gas rents % of GDP | 0.00%100th/197 · 2021 | 0.00%100th/197 · 2021 |
| Coal rents % of GDP | 0.30%18th/195 · 2021 | 0.00%68th/195 · 2021 |
| Mineral rents % of GDP | 0.04%76th/209 · 2021 | 0.00%91st/209 · 2021 |
| Forest rents % of GDP | 0.47%72nd/209 · 2021 | 0.00%159th/209 · 2021 |
| Arable land % of land area | 8.0%115th/206 · 2024 | 23.8%42nd/206 · 2024 |
| Renewable freshwater per person m³ | 11,07741st/183 · 2022 | 1,531110th/183 · 2022 |
| Tourism | ||
| International tourist arrivals arrivals | 197,000152nd/194 · 2020 | 525,000120th/194 · 2020 |
| Tourism receipts USD | $438.0 m99th/175 · 2020 | $4.45 bn33rd/175 · 2020 |
| Tourism receipts % of exports | 6.2%78th/168 · 2020 | 3.0%108th/168 · 2020 |
| Outbound trips departures | — | 1.5 m59th/107 · 2020 |
| Society & health | ||
| Life expectancy years | 78.069th/217 · 2024 | 83.218th/217 · 2024 |
| Under-5 mortality per 1,000 births | 6.955th/196 · 2024 | 2.23rd/196 · 2024 |
| Physicians per 1,000 people | 2.5872nd/174 · 2019 | 2.982017 |
| Hospital beds per 1,000 people | 2.481st/145 · 2019 | 4.040th/145 · 2023 |
| DPT immunization % of children 12–23 months | 79%148th/193 · 2024 | 99%1st/193 · 2024 |
| Completed lower secondary, 25+ % of adults | 91.0%45th/153 · 2022 | 90.7%46th/153 · 2023 |
| Secondary enrolment % gross | 87.9%111th/173 · 2023 | 108.6%27th/173 · 2024 |
| Social protection coverage (incl. pensions) % of population | 50.3%2015 | — |
| Old-age dependency ratio % of working-age population | 35.6%16th/217 · 2025 | 23.1%63rd/217 · 2025 |
| Health spending % of GDP | 8.9%46th/193 · 2023 | 5.9%107th/193 · 2024 |
| Adult literacy % | 97.0%2013 | — |
| Tertiary enrolment % gross | 45.5%86th/150 · 2023 | 22.4%117th/150 · 2024 |
| Human Development Index index 0–1 | 0.80474th/193 · 2023 | 0.92225th/193 · 2023 |
| Income inequality (Gini) index | 30.326th/108 · 2021 | 33.649th/108 · 2023 |
| Extreme poverty % of population | 0.3%23rd/108 · 2021 | 0.1%10th/108 · 2023 |
| Infrastructure & digital | ||
| Access to electricity % of population | 100.0%1st/215 · 2024 | 100.0%1st/215 · 2024 |
| Safely managed drinking water % of population | 86.4%68th/150 · 2024 | 99.7%21st/150 · 2024 |
| Safely managed sanitation % of population | 56.6%2018 | 96.3%20th/144 · 2024 |
| Internet users % of population | 86.1%78th/186 · 2024 | 99.1%6th/186 · 2025 |
| Mobile subscriptions per 100 people | 12186th/210 · 2024 | 14435th/210 · 2023 |
| Fixed broadband per 100 people | 29.464th/208 · 2024 | 40.325th/208 · 2024 |
| Trade & transport infrastructure quality (LPI) score 1–5 | 2.6080th/164 · 2022 | 3.6029th/164 · 2022 |
| Rail lines route-km | 1,01866th/82 · 2019 | 27180th/82 · 2021 |
| Air passengers carried passengers | 1,593159th/161 · 2020 | 2.5 m75th/161 · 2023 |
| Environment & energy | ||
| CO₂ emissions per person t CO₂e | 6.45166th/203 · 2024 | 10.56185th/203 · 2024 |
| Renewable energy % of final energy use | 36.6%65th/212 · 2021 | 20.5%104th/212 · 2021 |
| Air pollution (PM2.5) µg/m³ | 26.1141st/200 · 2023 | 7.427th/200 · 2023 |
| Forest area % of land area | 42.2%72nd/214 · 2024 | 34.5%97th/214 · 2024 |
| Energy use per person kg oil eq. | 2,17854th/149 · 2024 | 4,52219th/149 · 2024 |
| Institutions & safety | ||
| Government effectiveness score 0–100 | 42.6142nd/205 · 2025 | 92.83rd/205 · 2025 |
| Control of corruption score 0–100 | 38.4130th/207 · 2025 | 86.97th/207 · 2025 |
| Rule of law score 0–100 | 53.0120th/207 · 2025 | 86.87th/207 · 2025 |
| Political stability score 0–100 | 59.6141st/207 · 2025 | 86.527th/207 · 2025 |
| Regulatory quality score 0–100 | 48.5126th/205 · 2025 | 83.86th/205 · 2025 |
| Voice & accountability score 0–100 | 53.0118th/205 · 2025 | 87.17th/205 · 2025 |
| Homicide rate per 100,000 | 1.251st/145 · 2023 | 1.559th/145 · 2022 |
| Military | ||
| Military expenditure USD | $231.4 m121st/156 · 2025 | $855.4 m86th/156 · 2025 |
| Military expenditure % of GDP | 0.7%135th/156 · 2025 | 0.9%127th/156 · 2025 |
| Military expenditure % of government spending | 1.6%147th/154 · 2025 | 1.8%145th/154 · 2025 |
| Armed forces personnel people | 11,000128th/170 · 2020 | 1,000161st/170 · 2020 |
| Armed forces personnel % of labour force | 0.81%85th/168 · 2020 | 0.31%145th/168 · 2020 |
| Arms imports (SIPRI TIV) TIV | 1.0 m150th/163 · 2025 | 11.0 m105th/163 · 2025 |
| Arms exports (SIPRI TIV) TIV | 7.0 m50th/65 · 2023 | 02007 |
| Science & innovation | ||
| R&D spending % of GDP | 0.21%83rd/110 · 2024 | 1.07%38th/110 · 2023 |
| Patent applications by residents applications | 3485th/137 · 2024 | 11968th/137 · 2024 |
| Scientific articles articles | 1,08386th/197 · 2023 | 1,17685th/197 · 2023 |
Questions and answers
Which has more people, Bosnia and Herzegovina or Luxembourg?
Bosnia and Herzegovina has the larger population: 3.1 m (2025) compared with 686,970 for Luxembourg (2025). Source: World Bank, SP.POP.TOTL.
Which is bigger by area, Bosnia and Herzegovina or Luxembourg?
Bosnia and Herzegovina is larger: 51,210 km² (2023) compared with 2,590 km² for Luxembourg (2024). Source: World Bank, AG.SRF.TOTL.K2.
Which economy is larger, Bosnia and Herzegovina or Luxembourg?
Luxembourg has the larger economy at purchasing power parity: $107.54 bn intl. (2025) compared with $81.06 bn intl. for Bosnia and Herzegovina (2025). Source: World Bank, NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD.
Which is richer per person, Bosnia and Herzegovina or Luxembourg?
Luxembourg has the higher GDP per person (PPP): $156,542 intl. (2025) compared with $25,814 intl. for Bosnia and Herzegovina (2025). Source: World Bank, NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD.
Where do people live longer, in Bosnia and Herzegovina or Luxembourg?
Luxembourg has the higher life expectancy at birth: 83.2 years (2024) compared with 78.0 years for Bosnia and Herzegovina (2024). Source: World Bank, SP.DYN.LE00.IN.
Which spends more on the military, Bosnia and Herzegovina or Luxembourg?
Luxembourg spends more on the military: $855.4 m (2025) compared with $231.4 m for Bosnia and Herzegovina (2025). Source: World Bank, MS.MIL.XPND.CD.
Which ranks higher in the NationsTree Index, Bosnia and Herzegovina or Luxembourg?
Luxembourg: 73.2 points (27th in the world); Bosnia and Herzegovina: 54.7 points (70th). The index combines foundations, economic strength, quality of life, problems and 5-year direction from public statistics.
Sources
World Bank World Development Indicators and Worldwide Governance Indicators, compiling UN agencies, the IMF, WHO, SIPRI and national statistical offices; every row links to its world ranking with the source series. See Sources & licences and Methodology.
Cite as: NationsTree (2026). Bosnia and Herzegovina vs Luxembourg — country comparison. https://nationstree.org/compare/bosnia-and-herzegovina-vs-luxembourg. Data as of 26 October 2026.