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Comparison · latest available · data as of 26 October 2026 · printed 27 Oct 2026
NationsTree / Compare / Bosnia and Herzegovina vs Luxembourg

Bosnia and Herzegovina vs Luxembourg

Side-by-side comparison of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Luxembourg from official statistics: size, economy, people, trade, natural resources, health, infrastructure and military, with world ranks, years and sources.

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Europe & Central Asia · nation age 34 years

NationsTree Index54.770th of 196
Tree height5.3 m 
vs
9:26
indicators where each ranks higher

Luxembourg

Europe & Central Asia · nation age 1,063 years

NationsTree Index73.227th of 196
Tree height6.7 m 
Open in the comparison tool Data as of 26 October 2026

In short

Luxembourg scores 73.2 in the NationsTree Index (27th in the world) and Bosnia and Herzegovina scores 54.7 (70th), a gap of 18.4 points. Their trees are 5.3 m and 6.7 m tall; tree height grows with real GDP and is adjusted by the index.

Bosnia and Herzegovina has 4.6 times the population of Luxembourg. Bosnia and Herzegovina is 20 times larger than Luxembourg by land area. The economy of Luxembourg is 33% larger than that of Bosnia and Herzegovina (GDP at purchasing power parity). Population: Bosnia and Herzegovina 3.1 million and Luxembourg 686,970 (2025).

GDP per person at purchasing power parity is $156,542 in Luxembourg and $25,814 in Bosnia and Herzegovina (2025, international dollars). People in Luxembourg live on average 5.2 years longer (83.2 vs 78.0 years).

Of 35 indicators reported by both countries, Bosnia and Herzegovina ranks higher in the world on 9 and Luxembourg on 26. Bosnia and Herzegovina is clearly stronger in main industries and natural resources. Luxembourg is clearly stronger in institutions & safety, infrastructure & digital and science & innovation.

As a nation, Luxembourg is the older of the two (statehood since 963, 1,063 years), compared with Bosnia and Herzegovina (since 1992). Over the last five years Bosnia and Herzegovina improved faster (direction score 88 vs 31 out of 100).

Where they differ most

The indicators with the biggest gap in world position between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Luxembourg.

Over time

How the two countries moved against each other, from the yearly data.

NationsTree IndexBosnia and HerzegovinaLuxembourg
30405060708090 1996 2001 2006 2011 2016 2021 2025

Luxembourg has been ahead of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the NationsTree Index in every year since 1996.

Luxembourg has been ahead of Bosnia and Herzegovina in GDP per person (PPP), GDP (PPP) and life expectancy in every year since 1990.

Bosnia and Herzegovina has been ahead of Luxembourg in population in every year since 1990.

Strength by category

Average world percentile of the indicators in each category (0–100, direction taken into account). i

Bosnia and HerzegovinaLuxembourg
Economy 49 66
Trade 55 66
Tourism 40 50
Military 21 21

All indicators

Latest available value for each country with its year and world rank. Green: the better world position of the two, red: the weaker one.

Indicator Bosnia and Herzegovina Luxembourg
Land & people
Surface area i km² 51,210127th/216 · 2023 2,590174th/216 · 2024
Land area i km² 51,200126th/216 · 2024 2,574172nd/216 · 2024
Population i people 3.1 m135th/217 · 2025 686,970166th/217 · 2025
Population growth i % -0.77%208th/217 · 2025 1.46%72nd/217 · 2025
Population density i people/km² 61.8142nd/216 · 2024 263.049th/216 · 2024
Urban population i % 52.7%149th/217 · 2025 94.9%19th/217 · 2025
Population aged 0–14 i % 12.8%207th/217 · 2025 15.7%169th/217 · 2025
Population aged 65+ i % 22.9%15th/217 · 2025 15.8%65th/217 · 2025
Economy
GDP i USD $32.60 bn110th/210 · 2025 $101.16 bn75th/210 · 2025
GDP (PPP) i intl. USD $81.06 bn112th/199 · 2025 $107.54 bn101st/199 · 2025
Real GDP (PPP, constant 2021 prices) i intl. USD 2021 $66.50 bn112th/199 · 2025 $87.53 bn102nd/199 · 2025
GDP per person i USD $10,382103rd/210 · 2025 $147,2523rd/210 · 2025
GDP per person (PPP) i intl. USD $25,81491st/199 · 2025 $156,5422nd/199 · 2025
GNI per person (Atlas) i USD $9,94093rd/201 · 2025 $95,7204th/201 · 2025
GDP growth i % 2.1%142nd/210 · 2025 0.6%183rd/210 · 2025
Inflation i % 4.0%121st/180 · 2025 2.3%67th/180 · 2025
Unemployment i % 11.0%155th/187 · 2025 6.3%116th/187 · 2025
Central government debt i % of GDP 39.7%15th/55 · 2024 2.9%1993
General government gross debt i % of GDP 28.8%30th/189 · 2025 26.5%25th/189 · 2025
Government budget balance i % of GDP -2.5%92nd/192 · 2025 -2.0%77th/192 · 2025
Main industries
Agriculture, forestry, fishing i % of GDP 4.4%112th/197 · 2025 0.2%191st/197 · 2025
Industry incl. construction i % of GDP 21.5%118th/200 · 2025 8.9%190th/200 · 2025
Manufacturing i % of GDP 12.0%79th/192 · 2025 3.7%165th/192 · 2025
Services i % of GDP 57.7%101st/200 · 2025 81.4%9th/200 · 2025
Trade
Exports of goods & services i USD $13.37 bn101st/182 · 2025 $192.73 bn35th/182 · 2025
Imports of goods & services i USD $17.64 bn99th/182 · 2025 $161.21 bn38th/182 · 2025
Exports i % of GDP 41.0%77th/183 · 2025 190.5%2nd/183 · 2025
Imports i % of GDP 54.1%66th/183 · 2025 159.4%2nd/183 · 2025
Trade openness i % of GDP 95.1%70th/183 · 2025 349.9%2nd/183 · 2025
Fuel exports i % of merchandise exports 6.5%66th/170 · 2025 0.1%132nd/170 · 2025
Manufactures exports i % of merchandise exports 72.2%38th/171 · 2025 78.6%21st/171 · 2025
Food exports i % of merchandise exports 7.4%126th/171 · 2025 12.7%102nd/171 · 2025
Ores & metals exports i % of merchandise exports 9.7%38th/171 · 2025 4.7%64th/171 · 2025
High-tech exports i % of manufactured exports 6.2%89th/168 · 2024 5.1%101st/168 · 2024
Current account balance i % of GDP -3.1%118th/191 · 2025 4.8%38th/191 · 2025
Foreign direct investment, inflows i % of GDP 2.6%79th/196 · 2025 -32.7%196th/196 · 2025
Natural resources
Natural resource rents i % of GDP 0.8%122nd/209 · 2021 0.0%175th/209 · 2021
Oil rents i % of GDP 0.00%120th/197 · 2021 0.00%120th/197 · 2021
Natural gas rents i % of GDP 0.00%100th/197 · 2021 0.00%100th/197 · 2021
Coal rents i % of GDP 0.30%18th/195 · 2021 0.00%68th/195 · 2021
Mineral rents i % of GDP 0.04%76th/209 · 2021 0.00%91st/209 · 2021
Forest rents i % of GDP 0.47%72nd/209 · 2021 0.00%159th/209 · 2021
Arable land i % of land area 8.0%115th/206 · 2024 23.8%42nd/206 · 2024
Renewable freshwater per person i m³ 11,07741st/183 · 2022 1,531110th/183 · 2022
Tourism
International tourist arrivals i arrivals 197,000152nd/194 · 2020 525,000120th/194 · 2020
Tourism receipts i USD $438.0 m99th/175 · 2020 $4.45 bn33rd/175 · 2020
Tourism receipts i % of exports 6.2%78th/168 · 2020 3.0%108th/168 · 2020
Outbound trips i departures — 1.5 m59th/107 · 2020
Society & health
Life expectancy i years 78.069th/217 · 2024 83.218th/217 · 2024
Under-5 mortality i per 1,000 births 6.955th/196 · 2024 2.23rd/196 · 2024
Physicians i per 1,000 people 2.5872nd/174 · 2019 2.982017
Hospital beds i per 1,000 people 2.481st/145 · 2019 4.040th/145 · 2023
DPT immunization i % of children 12–23 months 79%148th/193 · 2024 99%1st/193 · 2024
Completed lower secondary, 25+ i % of adults 91.0%45th/153 · 2022 90.7%46th/153 · 2023
Secondary enrolment i % gross 87.9%111th/173 · 2023 108.6%27th/173 · 2024
Social protection coverage (incl. pensions) i % of population 50.3%2015 —
Old-age dependency ratio i % of working-age population 35.6%16th/217 · 2025 23.1%63rd/217 · 2025
Health spending i % of GDP 8.9%46th/193 · 2023 5.9%107th/193 · 2024
Adult literacy i % 97.0%2013 —
Tertiary enrolment i % gross 45.5%86th/150 · 2023 22.4%117th/150 · 2024
Human Development Index i index 0–1 0.80474th/193 · 2023 0.92225th/193 · 2023
Income inequality (Gini) i index 30.326th/108 · 2021 33.649th/108 · 2023
Extreme poverty i % of population 0.3%23rd/108 · 2021 0.1%10th/108 · 2023
Infrastructure & digital
Access to electricity i % of population 100.0%1st/215 · 2024 100.0%1st/215 · 2024
Safely managed drinking water i % of population 86.4%68th/150 · 2024 99.7%21st/150 · 2024
Safely managed sanitation i % of population 56.6%2018 96.3%20th/144 · 2024
Internet users i % of population 86.1%78th/186 · 2024 99.1%6th/186 · 2025
Mobile subscriptions i per 100 people 12186th/210 · 2024 14435th/210 · 2023
Fixed broadband i per 100 people 29.464th/208 · 2024 40.325th/208 · 2024
Trade & transport infrastructure quality (LPI) i score 1–5 2.6080th/164 · 2022 3.6029th/164 · 2022
Rail lines i route-km 1,01866th/82 · 2019 27180th/82 · 2021
Air passengers carried i passengers 1,593159th/161 · 2020 2.5 m75th/161 · 2023
Environment & energy
CO₂ emissions per person i t CO₂e 6.45166th/203 · 2024 10.56185th/203 · 2024
Renewable energy i % of final energy use 36.6%65th/212 · 2021 20.5%104th/212 · 2021
Air pollution (PM2.5) i µg/m³ 26.1141st/200 · 2023 7.427th/200 · 2023
Forest area i % of land area 42.2%72nd/214 · 2024 34.5%97th/214 · 2024
Energy use per person i kg oil eq. 2,17854th/149 · 2024 4,52219th/149 · 2024
Institutions & safety
Government effectiveness i score 0–100 42.6142nd/205 · 2025 92.83rd/205 · 2025
Control of corruption i score 0–100 38.4130th/207 · 2025 86.97th/207 · 2025
Rule of law i score 0–100 53.0120th/207 · 2025 86.87th/207 · 2025
Political stability i score 0–100 59.6141st/207 · 2025 86.527th/207 · 2025
Regulatory quality i score 0–100 48.5126th/205 · 2025 83.86th/205 · 2025
Voice & accountability i score 0–100 53.0118th/205 · 2025 87.17th/205 · 2025
Homicide rate i per 100,000 1.251st/145 · 2023 1.559th/145 · 2022
Military
Military expenditure i USD $231.4 m121st/156 · 2025 $855.4 m86th/156 · 2025
Military expenditure i % of GDP 0.7%135th/156 · 2025 0.9%127th/156 · 2025
Military expenditure i % of government spending 1.6%147th/154 · 2025 1.8%145th/154 · 2025
Armed forces personnel i people 11,000128th/170 · 2020 1,000161st/170 · 2020
Armed forces personnel i % of labour force 0.81%85th/168 · 2020 0.31%145th/168 · 2020
Arms imports (SIPRI TIV) i TIV 1.0 m150th/163 · 2025 11.0 m105th/163 · 2025
Arms exports (SIPRI TIV) i TIV 7.0 m50th/65 · 2023 02007
Science & innovation
R&D spending i % of GDP 0.21%83rd/110 · 2024 1.07%38th/110 · 2023
Patent applications by residents i applications 3485th/137 · 2024 11968th/137 · 2024
Scientific articles i articles 1,08386th/197 · 2023 1,17685th/197 · 2023

Questions and answers

Which has more people, Bosnia and Herzegovina or Luxembourg?

Bosnia and Herzegovina has the larger population: 3.1 m (2025) compared with 686,970 for Luxembourg (2025). Source: World Bank, SP.POP.TOTL.

Which is bigger by area, Bosnia and Herzegovina or Luxembourg?

Bosnia and Herzegovina is larger: 51,210 km² (2023) compared with 2,590 km² for Luxembourg (2024). Source: World Bank, AG.SRF.TOTL.K2.

Which economy is larger, Bosnia and Herzegovina or Luxembourg?

Luxembourg has the larger economy at purchasing power parity: $107.54 bn intl. (2025) compared with $81.06 bn intl. for Bosnia and Herzegovina (2025). Source: World Bank, NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD.

Which is richer per person, Bosnia and Herzegovina or Luxembourg?

Luxembourg has the higher GDP per person (PPP): $156,542 intl. (2025) compared with $25,814 intl. for Bosnia and Herzegovina (2025). Source: World Bank, NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD.

Where do people live longer, in Bosnia and Herzegovina or Luxembourg?

Luxembourg has the higher life expectancy at birth: 83.2 years (2024) compared with 78.0 years for Bosnia and Herzegovina (2024). Source: World Bank, SP.DYN.LE00.IN.

Which spends more on the military, Bosnia and Herzegovina or Luxembourg?

Luxembourg spends more on the military: $855.4 m (2025) compared with $231.4 m for Bosnia and Herzegovina (2025). Source: World Bank, MS.MIL.XPND.CD.

Which ranks higher in the NationsTree Index, Bosnia and Herzegovina or Luxembourg?

Luxembourg: 73.2 points (27th in the world); Bosnia and Herzegovina: 54.7 points (70th). The index combines foundations, economic strength, quality of life, problems and 5-year direction from public statistics.

More comparisons

Bosnia and Herzegovina compared with

Luxembourg compared with

Sources

World Bank World Development Indicators and Worldwide Governance Indicators, compiling UN agencies, the IMF, WHO, SIPRI and national statistical offices; every row links to its world ranking with the source series. See Sources & licences and Methodology.

Cite as: NationsTree (2026). Bosnia and Herzegovina vs Luxembourg — country comparison. https://nationstree.org/compare/bosnia-and-herzegovina-vs-luxembourg. Data as of 26 October 2026.

Cite as: NationsTree (2026). Bosnia and Herzegovina vs Luxembourg — country comparison. https://nationstree.org/compare/bosnia-and-herzegovina-vs-luxembourg. Data as of 26 October 2026.
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