Colombia vs Mexico
Side-by-side comparison of Colombia and Mexico from official statistics: size, economy, people, trade, natural resources, health, infrastructure and military, with world ranks, years and sources.
Colombia
Latin America & Caribbean · nation age 216 years
Mexico
Latin America & Caribbean · nation age 216 years
In short
Mexico scores 52.6 in the NationsTree Index (76th in the world) and Colombia scores 42.2 (120th), a gap of 10.4 points. Their trees are 19 m and 35 m tall; tree height grows with real GDP and is adjusted by the index.
Mexico has 2.5 times the population of Colombia. Mexico has 72% more land area than Colombia. Mexico has an economy 2.8 times the size of Colombia (GDP at purchasing power parity). Population: Colombia 53.4 million and Mexico 131.9 million (2025).
GDP per person at purchasing power parity is $25,868 in Mexico and $22,640 in Colombia (2025, international dollars). People in Colombia live on average 2.6 years longer (77.9 vs 75.3 years).
Of 41 indicators reported by both countries, Colombia ranks higher in the world on 18 and Mexico on 23. Colombia is clearly stronger in military and environment & energy. Mexico is clearly stronger in tourism, main industries and trade.
Over the last five years Mexico improved faster (direction score 57 vs 11 out of 100).
Where they differ most
The indicators with the biggest gap in world position between Colombia and Mexico.
Over time
How the two countries moved against each other, from the yearly data.
Mexico overtook Colombia in the NationsTree Index in 2022 and has stayed ahead since.
Colombia overtook Mexico in life expectancy in 2008 and has stayed ahead since.
Mexico has been ahead of Colombia in GDP per person (PPP), GDP (PPP) and population in every year since 1990.
Strength by category
Average world percentile of the indicators in each category (0–100, direction taken into account). i
All indicators
Latest available value for each country with its year and world rank. Green: the better world position of the two, red: the weaker one.
| Indicator | ||
|---|---|---|
| Land & people | ||
| Surface area km² | 1,140,61925th/216 · 2024 | 1,957,19413th/216 · 2024 |
| Land area km² | 1,109,50026th/216 · 2024 | 1,943,95013th/216 · 2024 |
| Population people | 53.4 m28th/217 · 2025 | 131.9 m11th/217 · 2025 |
| Population growth % | 1.01%102nd/217 · 2025 | 0.83%112th/217 · 2025 |
| Population density people/km² | 47.7156th/216 · 2024 | 67.3138th/216 · 2024 |
| Urban population % | 78.8%66th/217 · 2025 | 80.0%58th/217 · 2025 |
| Population aged 0–14 % | 20.0%123rd/217 · 2025 | 24.1%102nd/217 · 2025 |
| Population aged 65+ % | 10.2%97th/217 · 2025 | 8.5%113th/217 · 2025 |
| Economy | ||
| GDP USD | $457.41 bn36th/210 · 2025 | $1.83 trn14th/210 · 2025 |
| GDP (PPP) intl. USD | $1.21 trn31st/199 · 2025 | $3.41 trn13th/199 · 2025 |
| Real GDP (PPP, constant 2021 prices) intl. USD 2021 | $1.00 trn31st/199 · 2025 | $2.89 trn13th/199 · 2025 |
| GDP per person USD | $8,562109th/210 · 2025 | $13,88992nd/210 · 2025 |
| GDP per person (PPP) intl. USD | $22,64098th/199 · 2025 | $25,86890th/199 · 2025 |
| GNI per person (Atlas) USD | $7,900103rd/201 · 2025 | $13,73082nd/201 · 2025 |
| GDP growth % | 2.6%129th/210 · 2025 | 0.6%186th/210 · 2025 |
| Inflation % | 5.1%139th/180 · 2025 | 3.8%113th/180 · 2025 |
| Unemployment % | 8.3%133rd/187 · 2025 | 2.7%27th/187 · 2025 |
| Central government debt % of GDP | 71.2%38th/55 · 2024 | 50.3%24th/55 · 2024 |
| General government gross debt % of GDP | 59.9%115th/189 · 2025 | 61.7%119th/189 · 2025 |
| Government budget balance % of GDP | -5.8%161st/192 · 2025 | -4.9%147th/192 · 2025 |
| Main industries | ||
| Agriculture, forestry, fishing % of GDP | 9.9%70th/197 · 2025 | 3.9%116th/197 · 2025 |
| Industry incl. construction % of GDP | 21.8%117th/200 · 2025 | 30.6%51st/200 · 2025 |
| Manufacturing % of GDP | 9.9%103rd/192 · 2025 | 20.0%19th/192 · 2025 |
| Services % of GDP | 58.5%97th/200 · 2025 | 58.9%93rd/200 · 2025 |
| Trade | ||
| Exports of goods & services USD | $68.54 bn57th/182 · 2025 | $726.56 bn16th/182 · 2025 |
| Imports of goods & services USD | $93.24 bn52nd/182 · 2025 | $738.16 bn14th/182 · 2025 |
| Exports % of GDP | 15.0%162nd/183 · 2025 | 39.6%85th/183 · 2025 |
| Imports % of GDP | 20.4%165th/183 · 2025 | 40.3%102nd/183 · 2025 |
| Trade openness % of GDP | 35.4%169th/183 · 2025 | 79.9%94th/183 · 2025 |
| Fuel exports % of merchandise exports | 34.9%27th/170 · 2025 | 3.0%87th/170 · 2025 |
| Manufactures exports % of merchandise exports | 22.1%101st/171 · 2025 | 81.2%17th/171 · 2025 |
| Food exports % of merchandise exports | 25.4%56th/171 · 2025 | 7.5%125th/171 · 2025 |
| Ores & metals exports % of merchandise exports | 3.3%83rd/171 · 2025 | 2.4%99th/171 · 2025 |
| High-tech exports % of manufactured exports | 9.0%72nd/168 · 2024 | 19.3%34th/168 · 2024 |
| Current account balance % of GDP | -2.4%103rd/191 · 2025 | -0.5%80th/191 · 2025 |
| Foreign direct investment, inflows % of GDP | 2.5%82nd/196 · 2025 | 2.4%85th/196 · 2025 |
| Natural resources | ||
| Natural resource rents % of GDP | 5.3%70th/209 · 2021 | 3.6%84th/209 · 2021 |
| Oil rents % of GDP | 3.42%30th/197 · 2021 | 2.07%37th/197 · 2021 |
| Natural gas rents % of GDP | 0.18%54th/197 · 2021 | 0.09%61st/197 · 2021 |
| Coal rents % of GDP | 0.73%9th/195 · 2021 | 0.02%46th/195 · 2021 |
| Mineral rents % of GDP | 0.91%47th/209 · 2021 | 1.36%40th/209 · 2021 |
| Forest rents % of GDP | 0.09%115th/209 · 2021 | 0.11%113th/209 · 2021 |
| Arable land % of land area | 2.7%160th/206 · 2024 | 10.3%103rd/206 · 2024 |
| Renewable freshwater per person m³ | 41,45913th/183 · 2022 | 3,18080th/183 · 2022 |
| Tourism | ||
| International tourist arrivals arrivals | 1.4 m83rd/194 · 2020 | 51.1 m3rd/194 · 2020 |
| Tourism receipts USD | $1.96 bn50th/175 · 2020 | $11.45 bn15th/175 · 2020 |
| Tourism receipts % of exports | 5.1%84th/168 · 2020 | 2.6%118th/168 · 2020 |
| Outbound trips departures | 1.3 m61st/107 · 2020 | 36.1 m5th/107 · 2020 |
| Society & health | ||
| Life expectancy years | 77.974th/217 · 2024 | 75.3105th/217 · 2024 |
| Under-5 mortality per 1,000 births | 11.584th/196 · 2024 | 13.192nd/196 · 2024 |
| Physicians per 1,000 people | 2.5473rd/174 · 2023 | 2.5971st/174 · 2022 |
| Hospital beds per 1,000 people | 1.796th/145 · 2020 | 1.0117th/145 · 2022 |
| DPT immunization % of children 12–23 months | 89%110th/193 · 2024 | 78%150th/193 · 2024 |
| Completed lower secondary, 25+ % of adults | 62.7%97th/153 · 2024 | 69.0%84th/153 · 2024 |
| Secondary enrolment % gross | 101.6%54th/173 · 2022 | 103.1%48th/173 · 2024 |
| Social protection coverage (incl. pensions) % of population | 41.0%35th/55 · 2022 | 48.2%32nd/55 · 2022 |
| Old-age dependency ratio % of working-age population | 14.6%100th/217 · 2025 | 12.6%111th/217 · 2025 |
| Health spending % of GDP | 8.1%59th/193 · 2024 | 5.5%118th/193 · 2023 |
| Adult literacy % | 95.3%37th/98 · 2024 | 95.6%36th/98 · 2024 |
| Tertiary enrolment % gross | 59.3%61st/150 · 2022 | 48.2%81st/150 · 2024 |
| Human Development Index index 0–1 | 0.78883rd/193 · 2023 | 0.78981st/193 · 2023 |
| Income inequality (Gini) index | 54.4108th/108 · 2024 | 42.694th/108 · 2024 |
| Extreme poverty % of population | 8.5%82nd/108 · 2024 | 1.6%57th/108 · 2024 |
| Infrastructure & digital | ||
| Access to electricity % of population | 98.9%137th/215 · 2024 | 99.8%126th/215 · 2024 |
| Safely managed drinking water % of population | 74.3%83rd/150 · 2024 | 43.0%118th/150 · 2024 |
| Safely managed sanitation % of population | 18.7%129th/144 · 2024 | 62.7%70th/144 · 2024 |
| Internet users % of population | 79.3%104th/186 · 2024 | 83.1%89th/186 · 2024 |
| Mobile subscriptions per 100 people | 17415th/210 · 2024 | 116102nd/210 · 2024 |
| Fixed broadband per 100 people | 17.296th/208 · 2024 | 21.784th/208 · 2024 |
| Trade & transport infrastructure quality (LPI) score 1–5 | 2.9058th/164 · 2022 | 2.8063rd/164 · 2022 |
| Air passengers carried passengers | 42.4 m26th/161 · 2023 | 78.8 m15th/161 · 2023 |
| Environment & energy | ||
| CO₂ emissions per person t CO₂e | 1.8085th/203 · 2024 | 3.64124th/203 · 2024 |
| Renewable energy % of final energy use | 29.7%81st/212 · 2021 | 13.0%127th/212 · 2021 |
| Air pollution (PM2.5) µg/m³ | 18.4103rd/200 · 2023 | 16.696th/200 · 2023 |
| Forest area % of land area | 53.7%45th/214 · 2024 | 34.2%100th/214 · 2024 |
| Energy use per person kg oil eq. | 84497th/149 · 2024 | 1,49876th/149 · 2024 |
| Institutions & safety | ||
| Government effectiveness score 0–100 | 50.4115th/205 · 2025 | 48.6121st/205 · 2025 |
| Control of corruption score 0–100 | 41.8117th/207 · 2025 | 29.0164th/207 · 2025 |
| Rule of law score 0–100 | 48.3140th/207 · 2025 | 39.4175th/207 · 2025 |
| Political stability score 0–100 | 48.9180th/207 · 2025 | 55.0163rd/207 · 2025 |
| Regulatory quality score 0–100 | 52.1113th/205 · 2025 | 51.5115th/205 · 2025 |
| Voice & accountability score 0–100 | 58.5100th/205 · 2025 | 52.5119th/205 · 2025 |
| Homicide rate per 100,000 | 24.9132nd/145 · 2023 | 24.9131st/145 · 2023 |
| Military | ||
| Military expenditure USD | $14.50 bn29th/156 · 2025 | $13.65 bn30th/156 · 2025 |
| Military expenditure % of GDP | 3.2%25th/156 · 2025 | 0.7%134th/156 · 2025 |
| Military expenditure % of government spending | 9.3%33rd/154 · 2025 | 2.5%128th/154 · 2025 |
| Armed forces personnel people | 428,00017th/170 · 2020 | 341,00019th/170 · 2020 |
| Armed forces personnel % of labour force | 1.70%35th/168 · 2020 | 0.64%99th/168 · 2020 |
| Arms imports (SIPRI TIV) TIV | 22.0 m87th/163 · 2025 | 9.0 m111th/163 · 2025 |
| Arms exports (SIPRI TIV) TIV | 4.0 m2020 | 1.0 m2019 |
| Science & innovation | ||
| R&D spending % of GDP | 0.29%73rd/110 · 2020 | 0.25%79th/110 · 2024 |
| Patent applications by residents applications | 27057th/137 · 2024 | 1,17228th/137 · 2024 |
| Scientific articles articles | 9,18445th/197 · 2023 | 18,98226th/197 · 2023 |
Questions and answers
Which has more people, Colombia or Mexico?
Mexico has the larger population: 131.9 m (2025) compared with 53.4 m for Colombia (2025). Source: World Bank, SP.POP.TOTL.
Which is bigger by area, Colombia or Mexico?
Mexico is larger: 1,957,194 km² (2024) compared with 1,140,619 km² for Colombia (2024). Source: World Bank, AG.SRF.TOTL.K2.
Which economy is larger, Colombia or Mexico?
Mexico has the larger economy at purchasing power parity: $3.41 trn intl. (2025) compared with $1.21 trn intl. for Colombia (2025). Source: World Bank, NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD.
Which is richer per person, Colombia or Mexico?
Mexico has the higher GDP per person (PPP): $25,868 intl. (2025) compared with $22,640 intl. for Colombia (2025). Source: World Bank, NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD.
Where do people live longer, in Colombia or Mexico?
Colombia has the higher life expectancy at birth: 77.9 years (2024) compared with 75.3 years for Mexico (2024). Source: World Bank, SP.DYN.LE00.IN.
Which spends more on the military, Colombia or Mexico?
Colombia spends more on the military: $14.50 bn (2025) compared with $13.65 bn for Mexico (2025). Source: World Bank, MS.MIL.XPND.CD.
Which ranks higher in the NationsTree Index, Colombia or Mexico?
Mexico: 52.6 points (76th in the world); Colombia: 42.2 points (120th). The index combines foundations, economic strength, quality of life, problems and 5-year direction from public statistics.
Sources
World Bank World Development Indicators and Worldwide Governance Indicators, compiling UN agencies, the IMF, WHO, SIPRI and national statistical offices; every row links to its world ranking with the source series. See Sources & licences and Methodology.
Cite as: NationsTree (2026). Colombia vs Mexico — country comparison. https://nationstree.org/compare/colombia-vs-mexico. Data as of 26 October 2026.