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Egypt vs Nigeria
Side-by-side comparison of Egypt and Nigeria from official statistics: size, economy, people, trade, natural resources, health, infrastructure and military, with world ranks, years and sources.
Egypt
Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan · nation age 5,125 years
In short
Egypt scores 42.9 in the NationsTree Index (116th in the world) and Nigeria scores 36.1 (142nd), a gap of 6.8 points. Their trees are 28 m and 26 m tall; tree height grows with real GDP and is adjusted by the index.
Nigeria has 2.0 times the population of Egypt. Egypt and Nigeria have a similar land area. Egypt and Nigeria have economies of similar size (GDP at purchasing power parity). Population: Egypt 118.4 million and Nigeria 237.5 million (2025).
GDP per person at purchasing power parity is $20,204 in Egypt and $9,532 in Nigeria (2025, international dollars). People in Egypt live on average 17.2 years longer (71.8 vs 54.6 years).
Of 35 indicators reported by both countries, Egypt ranks higher in the world on 28 and Nigeria on 7. Egypt is clearly stronger in tourism, infrastructure & digital and society & health. Nigeria is clearly stronger in environment & energy, natural resources and economy.
As a nation, Egypt is the older of the two (statehood since 3100 BC, 5,125 years), compared with Nigeria (since 1963). Over the last five years Nigeria improved faster (direction score 84 vs 4 out of 100).
Where they differ most
The indicators with the biggest gap in world position between Egypt and Nigeria.
Egyptbetter
100.0%
1st of 215
Nigeria
62.5%
183rd of 215
DPT immunizationSociety & health
Egyptbetter
97%
29th of 193
Nigeria
67%
176th of 193
Renewable energyEnvironment & energy
Egypt
6.1%
164th of 212
Nigeriabetter
80.3%
16th of 212
General government gross debtEconomy
Egypt
86.8%
154th of 189
Nigeriabetter
36.1%
51st of 189
Government budget balanceEconomy
Egypt
-6.6%
170th of 192
Nigeriabetter
-1.8%
71st of 192
Over time
How the two countries moved against each other, from the yearly data.
Egypt overtook Nigeria in GDP (PPP) in 2020 and has stayed ahead since.
Egypt has been ahead of Nigeria in the NationsTree Index in every year since 1992.
Egypt has been ahead of Nigeria in GDP per person (PPP) and life expectancy in every year since 1990.
Nigeria has been ahead of Egypt in population in every year since 1990.
Strength by category
Average world percentile of the indicators in each category (0–100, direction taken into account). i
EgyptNigeria All indicators
Latest available value for each country with its year and world rank. Green: the better world position of the two, red: the weaker one.
| Indicator | Egypt | Nigeria |
|---|---|---|
| Land & people | ||
| Surface area km² | 1,001,45029th/216 · 2024 | 923,76831st/216 · 2024 |
| Land area km² | 995,45029th/216 · 2024 | 910,77030th/216 · 2024 |
| Population people | 118.4 m13th/217 · 2025 | 237.5 m6th/217 · 2025 |
| Population growth % | 1.56%68th/217 · 2025 | 2.06%45th/217 · 2025 |
| Population density people/km² | 117.193rd/216 · 2024 | 255.553rd/216 · 2024 |
| Urban population % | 42.9%167th/217 · 2025 | 63.8%112th/217 · 2025 |
| Population aged 0–14 % | 31.6%63rd/217 · 2025 | 40.5%20th/217 · 2025 |
| Population aged 65+ % | 5.3%143rd/217 · 2025 | 3.1%193rd/217 · 2025 |
| Economy | ||
| GDP USD | $365.25 bn43rd/210 · 2025 | $290.79 bn50th/210 · 2025 |
| GDP (PPP) intl. USD | $2.39 trn18th/199 · 2025 | $2.26 trn19th/199 · 2025 |
| Real GDP (PPP, constant 2021 prices) intl. USD 2021 | $2.04 trn18th/199 · 2025 | $1.93 trn19th/199 · 2025 |
| GDP per person USD | $3,086160th/210 · 2025 | $1,224188th/210 · 2025 |
| GDP per person (PPP) intl. USD | $20,204104th/199 · 2025 | $9,532141st/199 · 2025 |
| GNI per person (Atlas) USD | $3,260148th/201 · 2025 | $1,360175th/201 · 2025 |
| GDP growth % | 4.4%68th/210 · 2025 | 4.0%78th/210 · 2025 |
| Inflation % | 14.1%166th/180 · 2025 | 23.0%171st/180 · 2025 |
| Unemployment % | 6.8%123rd/187 · 2025 | 3.1%44th/187 · 2025 |
| Central government debt % of GDP | 85.8%2007 | — |
| General government gross debt % of GDP | 86.8%154th/189 · 2025 | 36.1%51st/189 · 2025 |
| Government budget balance % of GDP | -6.6%170th/192 · 2025 | -1.8%71st/192 · 2025 |
| Main industries | ||
| Agriculture, forestry, fishing % of GDP | 16.6%48th/197 · 2025 | 23.0%28th/197 · 2025 |
| Industry incl. construction % of GDP | 32.1%46th/200 · 2025 | 16.4%153rd/200 · 2025 |
| Manufacturing % of GDP | 14.5%48th/192 · 2025 | 8.3%122nd/192 · 2025 |
| Services % of GDP | 47.3%157th/200 · 2025 | 58.2%98th/200 · 2025 |
| Trade | ||
| Exports of goods & services USD | $72.39 bn54th/182 · 2025 | — |
| Imports of goods & services USD | $115.11 bn46th/182 · 2025 | — |
| Exports % of GDP | 19.8%146th/183 · 2025 | — |
| Imports % of GDP | 31.5%129th/183 · 2025 | — |
| Trade openness % of GDP | 51.3%141st/183 · 2025 | — |
| Fuel exports % of merchandise exports | 9.8%49th/170 · 2025 | 85.9%8th/170 · 2025 |
| Manufactures exports % of merchandise exports | 47.8%67th/171 · 2025 | 6.1%144th/171 · 2025 |
| Food exports % of merchandise exports | 21.6%70th/171 · 2025 | 6.4%134th/171 · 2025 |
| Ores & metals exports % of merchandise exports | 5.0%63rd/171 · 2025 | 0.9%137th/171 · 2025 |
| High-tech exports % of manufactured exports | 3.8%107th/168 · 2024 | 2.7%125th/168 · 2024 |
| Current account balance % of GDP | -4.2%134th/191 · 2025 | 4.8%38th/191 · 2025 |
| Foreign direct investment, inflows % of GDP | 4.2%52nd/196 · 2025 | 1.4%126th/196 · 2025 |
| Natural resources | ||
| Natural resource rents % of GDP | 5.1%72nd/209 · 2021 | 8.6%52nd/209 · 2021 |
| Oil rents % of GDP | 2.99%32nd/197 · 2021 | 6.25%23rd/197 · 2021 |
| Natural gas rents % of GDP | 2.05%21st/197 · 2021 | 1.16%29th/197 · 2021 |
| Coal rents % of GDP | 0.00%68th/195 · 2021 | 0.00%62nd/195 · 2021 |
| Mineral rents % of GDP | 0.00%91st/209 · 2021 | 0.01%84th/209 · 2021 |
| Forest rents % of GDP | 0.11%112th/209 · 2021 | 1.13%50th/209 · 2021 |
| Arable land % of land area | 3.3%154th/206 · 2024 | 40.8%13th/206 · 2024 |
| Renewable freshwater per person m³ | 9181st/183 · 2022 | 990128th/183 · 2022 |
| Tourism | ||
| International tourist arrivals arrivals | 13.0 m19th/194 · 2019 | 5.3 m35th/194 · 2016 |
| Tourism receipts USD | $4.87 bn31st/175 · 2020 | $321.0 m106th/175 · 2020 |
| Tourism receipts % of exports | 12.2%51st/168 · 2020 | 0.8%156th/168 · 2020 |
| Outbound trips departures | 6.2 m2014 | — |
| Society & health | ||
| Life expectancy years | 71.8140th/217 · 2024 | 54.6217th/217 · 2024 |
| Under-5 mortality per 1,000 births | 22.4128th/196 · 2024 | 115.6196th/196 · 2024 |
| Physicians per 1,000 people | 0.67117th/174 · 2020 | 0.38129th/174 · 2023 |
| Hospital beds per 1,000 people | 1.1114th/145 · 2021 | 0.52004 |
| DPT immunization % of children 12–23 months | 97%29th/193 · 2024 | 67%176th/193 · 2024 |
| Completed lower secondary, 25+ % of adults | 55.7%105th/153 · 2023 | 53.4%110th/153 · 2024 |
| Secondary enrolment % gross | 84.8%120th/173 · 2024 | 46.9%159th/173 · 2023 |
| Social protection coverage (incl. pensions) % of population | 87.9%6th/55 · 2019 | 20.7%2018 |
| Old-age dependency ratio % of working-age population | 8.3%144th/217 · 2025 | 5.4%192nd/217 · 2025 |
| Health spending % of GDP | 4.9%129th/193 · 2023 | 4.2%151st/193 · 2023 |
| Adult literacy % | 79.5%65th/98 · 2022 | 70.4%79th/98 · 2024 |
| Tertiary enrolment % gross | 38.0%97th/150 · 2025 | 9.7%2011 |
| Human Development Index index 0–1 | 0.754100th/193 · 2023 | 0.560164th/193 · 2023 |
| Income inequality (Gini) index | 28.515th/108 · 2021 | 33.952nd/108 · 2022 |
| Extreme poverty % of population | 1.4%55th/108 · 2021 | 41.8%100th/108 · 2022 |
| Infrastructure & digital | ||
| Access to electricity % of population | 100.0%1st/215 · 2024 | 62.5%183rd/215 · 2024 |
| Safely managed drinking water % of population | 78.9%78th/150 · 2024 | 29.9%130th/150 · 2024 |
| Safely managed sanitation % of population | 57.3%77th/144 · 2024 | 32.2%108th/144 · 2024 |
| Internet users % of population | 74.6%115th/186 · 2024 | 41.2%156th/186 · 2024 |
| Mobile subscriptions per 100 people | 97145th/210 · 2024 | 71178th/210 · 2024 |
| Fixed broadband per 100 people | 11.7113th/208 · 2024 | 0.1198th/208 · 2024 |
| Trade & transport infrastructure quality (LPI) score 1–5 | 3.0054th/164 · 2022 | 2.4096th/164 · 2022 |
| Rail lines route-km | 5,1532016 | 3,5282015 |
| Air passengers carried passengers | 16.7 m40th/161 · 2023 | 5.3 m58th/161 · 2023 |
| Environment & energy | ||
| CO₂ emissions per person t CO₂e | 2.5099th/203 · 2024 | 0.5746th/203 · 2024 |
| Renewable energy % of final energy use | 6.1%164th/212 · 2021 | 80.3%16th/212 · 2021 |
| Air pollution (PM2.5) µg/m³ | 43.1184th/200 · 2023 | 65.7197th/200 · 2023 |
| Forest area % of land area | 0.0%210th/214 · 2024 | 18.9%133rd/214 · 2024 |
| Energy use per person kg oil eq. | 88396th/149 · 2024 | 317142nd/149 · 2024 |
| Institutions & safety | ||
| Government effectiveness score 0–100 | 50.2116th/205 · 2025 | 33.6178th/205 · 2025 |
| Control of corruption score 0–100 | 33.9147th/207 · 2025 | 26.5173rd/207 · 2025 |
| Rule of law score 0–100 | 47.3148th/207 · 2025 | 43.0161st/207 · 2025 |
| Political stability score 0–100 | 50.0176th/207 · 2025 | 35.1192nd/207 · 2025 |
| Regulatory quality score 0–100 | 47.6133rd/205 · 2025 | 44.4148th/205 · 2025 |
| Voice & accountability score 0–100 | 27.7188th/205 · 2025 | 45.6136th/205 · 2025 |
| Homicide rate per 100,000 | 1.32017 | 15.7126th/145 · 2023 |
| Military | ||
| Military expenditure USD | $2.50 bn63rd/156 · 2025 | $2.10 bn64th/156 · 2025 |
| Military expenditure % of GDP | 0.6%138th/156 · 2025 | 0.9%120th/156 · 2025 |
| Military expenditure % of government spending | 2.5%132nd/154 · 2025 | 5.9%61st/154 · 2025 |
| Armed forces personnel people | 836,0007th/170 · 2020 | 223,00030th/170 · 2020 |
| Armed forces personnel % of labour force | 2.76%19th/168 · 2020 | 0.23%152nd/168 · 2020 |
| Arms imports (SIPRI TIV) TIV | 697.0 m15th/163 · 2025 | 21.0 m88th/163 · 2025 |
| Arms exports (SIPRI TIV) TIV | 2.0 m56th/65 · 2024 | 4.0 m51st/65 · 2022 |
| Science & innovation | ||
| R&D spending % of GDP | 1.02%41st/110 · 2024 | 0.28%2019 |
| Patent applications by residents applications | 56341st/137 · 2024 | 41049th/137 · 2020 |
| Scientific articles articles | 22,85422nd/197 · 2023 | 9,79943rd/197 · 2023 |
Questions and answers
Which has more people, Egypt or Nigeria?
Nigeria has the larger population: 237.5 m (2025) compared with 118.4 m for Egypt (2025). Source: World Bank, SP.POP.TOTL.
Which is bigger by area, Egypt or Nigeria?
Egypt is larger: 1,001,450 km² (2024) compared with 923,768 km² for Nigeria (2024). Source: World Bank, AG.SRF.TOTL.K2.
Which economy is larger, Egypt or Nigeria?
Egypt has the larger economy at purchasing power parity: $2.39 trn intl. (2025) compared with $2.26 trn intl. for Nigeria (2025). Source: World Bank, NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD.
Which is richer per person, Egypt or Nigeria?
Egypt has the higher GDP per person (PPP): $20,204 intl. (2025) compared with $9,532 intl. for Nigeria (2025). Source: World Bank, NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD.
Where do people live longer, in Egypt or Nigeria?
Egypt has the higher life expectancy at birth: 71.8 years (2024) compared with 54.6 years for Nigeria (2024). Source: World Bank, SP.DYN.LE00.IN.
Which spends more on the military, Egypt or Nigeria?
Egypt spends more on the military: $2.50 bn (2025) compared with $2.10 bn for Nigeria (2025). Source: World Bank, MS.MIL.XPND.CD.
Which ranks higher in the NationsTree Index, Egypt or Nigeria?
Egypt: 42.9 points (116th in the world); Nigeria: 36.1 points (142nd). The index combines foundations, economic strength, quality of life, problems and 5-year direction from public statistics.
Algeria
Iran
Pakistan
Angola
Ethiopia
Kenya
South AfricaSources
World Bank World Development Indicators and Worldwide Governance Indicators, compiling UN agencies, the IMF, WHO, SIPRI and national statistical offices; every row links to its world ranking with the source series. See Sources & licences and Methodology.
Cite as: NationsTree (2026). Egypt vs Nigeria — country comparison. https://nationstree.org/compare/egypt-vs-nigeria. Data as of 26 October 2026.