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Canada vs United States
Side-by-side comparison of Canada and United States from official statistics: size, economy, people, trade, natural resources, health, infrastructure and military, with world ranks, years and sources.
United States
North America · nation age 250 years
In short
Canada scores 76.0 in the NationsTree Index (16th in the world) and United States scores 72.3 (30th), a gap of 3.8 points. Their trees are 36 m and 115 m tall; tree height grows with real GDP and is adjusted by the index.
United States has 8.2 times the population of Canada. Canada has 59% more land area than United States. United States has an economy 11 times the size of Canada (GDP at purchasing power parity). Population: Canada 41.7 million and United States 341.8 million (2025).
GDP per person at purchasing power parity is $90,027 in United States and $66,746 in Canada (2025, international dollars). People in Canada live on average 3.2 years longer (82.1 vs 78.9 years).
Of 38 indicators reported by both countries, Canada ranks higher in the world on 22 and United States on 16. Canada is clearly stronger in institutions & safety, trade and tourism. United States is clearly stronger in military and science & innovation.
As a nation, United States is the older of the two (statehood since 1776, 250 years), compared with Canada (since 1867). Over the last five years Canada improved faster (direction score 46 vs 24 out of 100).
Where they differ most
The indicators with the biggest gap in world position between Canada and United States.
Canadabetter
-1.7%
68th of 192
United States
-7.1%
173rd of 192
Income inequality (Gini)Society & health
Canadabetter
31.5
33rd of 108
United States
41.8
91st of 108
Political stabilityInstitutions & safety
Canadabetter
79.8
55th of 207
United States
60.3
136th of 207
Central government debtEconomy
Canadabetter
64.1%
33rd of 55
United States
115.8%
53rd of 55
Extreme povertySociety & health
Canadabetter
0.3%
23rd of 108
United States
1.1%
52nd of 108
Over time
How the two countries moved against each other, from the yearly data.
Canada overtook United States in the NationsTree Index in 2021 and has stayed ahead since.
United States has been ahead of Canada in GDP per person (PPP), GDP (PPP) and population in every year since 1990.
Canada has been ahead of United States in life expectancy in every year since 1990.
Strength by category
Average world percentile of the indicators in each category (0–100, direction taken into account). i
CanadaUnited States All indicators
Latest available value for each country with its year and world rank. Green: the better world position of the two, red: the weaker one.
| Indicator | Canada | United States |
|---|---|---|
| Land & people | ||
| Surface area km² | 15,634,4102nd/216 · 2024 | 9,831,5103rd/216 · 2024 |
| Land area km² | 8,788,7004th/216 · 2024 | 9,147,4203rd/216 · 2024 |
| Population people | 41.7 m38th/217 · 2025 | 341.8 m3rd/217 · 2025 |
| Population growth % | 0.94%104th/217 · 2025 | 0.52%134th/217 · 2025 |
| Population density people/km² | 4.7207th/216 · 2024 | 37.2166th/216 · 2024 |
| Urban population % | 82.9%51st/217 · 2025 | 80.2%57th/217 · 2025 |
| Population aged 0–14 % | 15.0%180th/217 · 2025 | 17.1%152nd/217 · 2025 |
| Population aged 65+ % | 20.3%37th/217 · 2025 | 18.4%45th/217 · 2025 |
| Economy | ||
| GDP USD | $2.32 trn10th/210 · 2025 | $30.77 trn1st/210 · 2025 |
| GDP (PPP) intl. USD | $2.78 trn16th/199 · 2025 | $30.77 trn2nd/199 · 2025 |
| Real GDP (PPP, constant 2021 prices) intl. USD 2021 | $2.42 trn16th/199 · 2025 | $26.29 trn2nd/199 · 2025 |
| GDP per person USD | $55,69830th/210 · 2025 | $90,02711th/210 · 2025 |
| GDP per person (PPP) intl. USD | $66,74630th/199 · 2025 | $90,02712th/199 · 2025 |
| GNI per person (Atlas) USD | $56,42022nd/201 · 2025 | $88,8106th/201 · 2025 |
| GDP growth % | 1.7%155th/210 · 2025 | 2.2%139th/210 · 2025 |
| Inflation % | 2.1%60th/180 · 2025 | 2.9%87th/180 · 2024 |
| Unemployment % | 6.9%125th/187 · 2025 | 4.2%70th/187 · 2025 |
| Central government debt % of GDP | 64.1%33rd/55 · 2024 | 115.8%53rd/55 · 2024 |
| General government gross debt % of GDP | 113.6%176th/189 · 2025 | 124.4%179th/189 · 2025 |
| Government budget balance % of GDP | -1.7%68th/192 · 2025 | -7.1%173rd/192 · 2025 |
| Main industries | ||
| Agriculture, forestry, fishing % of GDP | 1.9%148th/197 · 2022 | 0.9%172nd/197 · 2021 |
| Industry incl. construction % of GDP | 27.4%68th/200 · 2022 | 17.6%145th/200 · 2021 |
| Manufacturing % of GDP | 9.3%109th/192 · 2022 | 10.5%93rd/192 · 2021 |
| Services % of GDP | 64.1%61st/200 · 2022 | 76.3%16th/200 · 2021 |
| Trade | ||
| Exports of goods & services USD | $726.88 bn15th/182 · 2025 | $3.22 trn2nd/182 · 2024 |
| Imports of goods & services USD | $746.50 bn13th/182 · 2025 | $4.11 trn1st/182 · 2024 |
| Exports % of GDP | 31.3%110th/183 · 2025 | 11.0%173rd/183 · 2024 |
| Imports % of GDP | 32.2%125th/183 · 2025 | 14.0%179th/183 · 2024 |
| Trade openness % of GDP | 63.5%121st/183 · 2025 | 25.0%180th/183 · 2024 |
| Fuel exports % of merchandise exports | 26.7%32nd/170 · 2025 | 17.3%38th/170 · 2025 |
| Manufactures exports % of merchandise exports | 40.3%74th/171 · 2025 | 54.9%63rd/171 · 2025 |
| Food exports % of merchandise exports | 13.6%96th/171 · 2025 | 9.0%118th/171 · 2025 |
| Ores & metals exports % of merchandise exports | 7.6%48th/171 · 2025 | 3.0%87th/171 · 2025 |
| High-tech exports % of manufactured exports | 16.1%46th/168 · 2024 | 24.3%23rd/168 · 2024 |
| Current account balance % of GDP | -0.9%90th/191 · 2025 | -3.8%127th/191 · 2025 |
| Foreign direct investment, inflows % of GDP | 3.0%71st/196 · 2025 | 1.0%145th/196 · 2025 |
| Natural resources | ||
| Natural resource rents % of GDP | 4.9%73rd/209 · 2021 | 1.3%110th/209 · 2021 |
| Oil rents % of GDP | 2.83%33rd/197 · 2021 | 0.61%53rd/197 · 2021 |
| Natural gas rents % of GDP | 0.79%33rd/197 · 2021 | 0.36%43rd/197 · 2021 |
| Coal rents % of GDP | 0.07%32nd/195 · 2021 | 0.17%25th/195 · 2021 |
| Mineral rents % of GDP | 1.18%43rd/209 · 2021 | 0.10%70th/209 · 2021 |
| Forest rents % of GDP | 0.07%123rd/209 · 2021 | 0.04%133rd/209 · 2021 |
| Arable land % of land area | 4.3%141st/206 · 2024 | 16.6%65th/206 · 2024 |
| Renewable freshwater per person m³ | 73,1706th/183 · 2022 | 8,43754th/183 · 2022 |
| Tourism | ||
| International tourist arrivals arrivals | 32.4 m9th/194 · 2019 | 45.0 m4th/194 · 2020 |
| Tourism receipts USD | $19.99 bn2011 | $84.21 bn1st/175 · 2020 |
| Tourism receipts % of exports | 3.7%2011 | 3.9%93rd/168 · 2020 |
| Outbound trips departures | 37.8 m4th/107 · 2019 | 60.5 m2nd/107 · 2020 |
| Society & health | ||
| Life expectancy years | 82.134th/217 · 2024 | 78.961st/217 · 2024 |
| Under-5 mortality per 1,000 births | 5.443rd/196 · 2024 | 6.553rd/196 · 2024 |
| Physicians per 1,000 people | 2.8264th/174 · 2023 | 3.6839th/174 · 2022 |
| Hospital beds per 1,000 people | 2.570th/145 · 2022 | 2.767th/145 · 2022 |
| DPT immunization % of children 12–23 months | 92%86th/193 · 2024 | 94%66th/193 · 2024 |
| Completed lower secondary, 25+ % of adults | 96.4%22nd/153 · 2024 | 96.6%21st/153 · 2024 |
| Secondary enrolment % gross | 104.3%44th/173 · 2023 | 97.5%72nd/173 · 2022 |
| Old-age dependency ratio % of working-age population | 31.3%36th/217 · 2025 | 28.5%46th/217 · 2025 |
| Health spending % of GDP | 11.3%14th/193 · 2024 | 16.7%3rd/193 · 2023 |
| Tertiary enrolment % gross | 76.3%39th/150 · 2023 | 79.4%29th/150 · 2022 |
| Human Development Index index 0–1 | 0.93916th/193 · 2023 | 0.93817th/193 · 2023 |
| Income inequality (Gini) index | 31.533rd/108 · 2022 | 41.891st/108 · 2024 |
| Extreme poverty % of population | 0.3%23rd/108 · 2022 | 1.1%52nd/108 · 2024 |
| Infrastructure & digital | ||
| Access to electricity % of population | 100.0%1st/215 · 2024 | 100.0%1st/215 · 2024 |
| Safely managed drinking water % of population | 96.9%41st/150 · 2024 | 97.6%39th/150 · 2024 |
| Safely managed sanitation % of population | 81.3%47th/144 · 2024 | 97.0%17th/144 · 2024 |
| Internet users % of population | 94.4%32nd/186 · 2024 | 94.7%28th/186 · 2024 |
| Mobile subscriptions per 100 people | 94151st/210 · 2024 | 113111th/210 · 2024 |
| Fixed broadband per 100 people | 42.521st/208 · 2024 | 38.929th/208 · 2024 |
| Trade & transport infrastructure quality (LPI) score 1–5 | 4.303rd/164 · 2022 | 3.9016th/164 · 2022 |
| Rail lines route-km | 48,1505th/82 · 2021 | 148,5531st/82 · 2021 |
| Air passengers carried passengers | 88.6 m13th/161 · 2023 | 941.6 m1st/161 · 2023 |
| Environment & energy | ||
| CO₂ emissions per person t CO₂e | 14.01191st/203 · 2024 | 13.62189th/203 · 2024 |
| Renewable energy % of final energy use | 23.8%96th/212 · 2021 | 10.9%142nd/212 · 2021 |
| Air pollution (PM2.5) µg/m³ | 6.622nd/200 · 2023 | 7.025th/200 · 2023 |
| Forest area % of land area | 42.0%74th/214 · 2024 | 33.8%102nd/214 · 2024 |
| Energy use per person kg oil eq. | 7,1198th/149 · 2024 | 6,45410th/149 · 2024 |
| Institutions & safety | ||
| Government effectiveness score 0–100 | 88.310th/205 · 2025 | 76.732nd/205 · 2025 |
| Control of corruption score 0–100 | 80.216th/207 · 2025 | 65.544th/207 · 2025 |
| Rule of law score 0–100 | 83.019th/207 · 2025 | 71.747th/207 · 2025 |
| Political stability score 0–100 | 79.855th/207 · 2025 | 60.3136th/207 · 2025 |
| Regulatory quality score 0–100 | 80.315th/205 · 2025 | 72.831st/205 · 2025 |
| Voice & accountability score 0–100 | 85.211th/205 · 2025 | 69.659th/205 · 2025 |
| Homicide rate per 100,000 | 2.066th/145 · 2023 | 5.8100th/145 · 2023 |
| Military | ||
| Military expenditure USD | $37.49 bn16th/156 · 2025 | $954.39 bn1st/156 · 2025 |
| Military expenditure % of GDP | 1.6%82nd/156 · 2025 | 3.1%27th/156 · 2025 |
| Military expenditure % of government spending | 3.7%118th/154 · 2025 | 8.3%37th/154 · 2025 |
| Armed forces personnel people | 72,00058th/170 · 2020 | 1.4 m5th/170 · 2020 |
| Armed forces personnel % of labour force | 0.35%139th/168 · 2020 | 0.84%84th/168 · 2020 |
| Arms imports (SIPRI TIV) TIV | 83.0 m53rd/163 · 2025 | 745.0 m13th/163 · 2025 |
| Arms exports (SIPRI TIV) TIV | 312.0 m14th/65 · 2025 | 14.0 bn1st/65 · 2025 |
| Science & innovation | ||
| R&D spending % of GDP | 1.79%24th/110 · 2024 | 3.45%5th/110 · 2023 |
| Patent applications by residents applications | 4,30415th/137 · 2024 | 270,2952nd/137 · 2024 |
| Scientific articles articles | 63,72010th/197 · 2023 | 430,8432nd/197 · 2023 |
Questions and answers
Which has more people, Canada or United States?
United States has the larger population: 341.8 m (2025) compared with 41.7 m for Canada (2025). Source: World Bank, SP.POP.TOTL.
Which is bigger by area, Canada or United States?
Canada is larger: 15,634,410 km² (2024) compared with 9,831,510 km² for United States (2024). Source: World Bank, AG.SRF.TOTL.K2.
Which economy is larger, Canada or United States?
United States has the larger economy at purchasing power parity: $30.77 trn intl. (2025) compared with $2.78 trn intl. for Canada (2025). Source: World Bank, NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD.
Which is richer per person, Canada or United States?
United States has the higher GDP per person (PPP): $90,027 intl. (2025) compared with $66,746 intl. for Canada (2025). Source: World Bank, NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD.
Where do people live longer, in Canada or United States?
Canada has the higher life expectancy at birth: 82.1 years (2024) compared with 78.9 years for United States (2024). Source: World Bank, SP.DYN.LE00.IN.
Which spends more on the military, Canada or United States?
United States spends more on the military: $954.39 bn (2025) compared with $37.49 bn for Canada (2025). Source: World Bank, MS.MIL.XPND.CD.
Which ranks higher in the NationsTree Index, Canada or United States?
Canada: 76.0 points (16th in the world); United States: 72.3 points (30th). The index combines foundations, economic strength, quality of life, problems and 5-year direction from public statistics.
Argentina
Australia
Bermuda
Indonesia
Italy
MexicoSources
World Bank World Development Indicators and Worldwide Governance Indicators, compiling UN agencies, the IMF, WHO, SIPRI and national statistical offices; every row links to its world ranking with the source series. See Sources & licences and Methodology.
Cite as: NationsTree (2026). Canada vs United States — country comparison. https://nationstree.org/compare/canada-vs-united-states. Data as of 26 October 2026.