Belgium vs Ireland
Side-by-side comparison of Belgium and Ireland from official statistics: size, economy, people, trade, natural resources, health, infrastructure and military, with world ranks, years and sources.
Belgium
Europe & Central Asia · nation age 196 years
In short
Ireland scores 80.4 in the NationsTree Index (5th in the world) and Belgium scores 77.9 (9th), a gap of 2.5 points. Their trees are 20 m and 20 m tall; tree height grows with real GDP and is adjusted by the index.
Belgium has 2.2 times the population of Ireland. Ireland is 2.3 times larger than Belgium by land area. Belgium and Ireland have economies of similar size (GDP at purchasing power parity). Population: Belgium 11.9 million and Ireland 5.5 million (2025).
GDP per person at purchasing power parity is $155,089 in Ireland and $74,676 in Belgium (2025, international dollars). People in Ireland live on average 0.7 years longer (83.0 vs 82.3 years).
Of 36 indicators reported by both countries, Belgium ranks higher in the world on 12 and Ireland on 24. Belgium is clearly stronger in military, science & innovation and society & health. Ireland is clearly stronger in economy, main industries and institutions & safety.
As a nation, Belgium is the older of the two (statehood since 1830, 196 years), compared with Ireland (since 1937). Over the last five years Ireland improved faster (direction score 86 vs 47 out of 100).
Where they differ most
The indicators with the biggest gap in world position between Belgium and Ireland.
Over time
How the two countries moved against each other, from the yearly data.
Ireland overtook Belgium in the NationsTree Index in 2022 and has stayed ahead since.
Ireland overtook Belgium in life expectancy in 2008 and has stayed ahead since.
Ireland overtook Belgium in GDP per person (PPP) in 1998 and has stayed ahead since.
Belgium has been ahead of Ireland in GDP (PPP) and population in every year since 1990.
Strength by category
Average world percentile of the indicators in each category (0–100, direction taken into account). i
All indicators
Latest available value for each country with its year and world rank. Green: the better world position of the two, red: the weaker one.
| Indicator | ||
|---|---|---|
| Land & people | ||
| Surface area km² | 30,689137th/216 · 2024 | 70,280121st/216 · 2024 |
| Land area km² | 30,494136th/216 · 2024 | 68,890120th/216 · 2024 |
| Population people | 11.9 m81st/217 · 2025 | 5.5 m121st/217 · 2025 |
| Population growth % | 0.70%121st/217 · 2025 | 1.63%65th/217 · 2025 |
| Population density people/km² | 388.929th/216 · 2024 | 78.3126th/216 · 2024 |
| Urban population % | 87.7%42nd/217 · 2025 | 64.6%108th/217 · 2025 |
| Population aged 0–14 % | 15.7%170th/217 · 2025 | 18.1%138th/217 · 2025 |
| Population aged 65+ % | 21.0%28th/217 · 2025 | 16.2%61st/217 · 2025 |
| Economy | ||
| GDP USD | $725.47 bn22nd/210 · 2025 | $721.70 bn23rd/210 · 2025 |
| GDP (PPP) intl. USD | $891.76 bn37th/199 · 2025 | $850.57 bn40th/199 · 2025 |
| Real GDP (PPP, constant 2021 prices) intl. USD 2021 | $758.16 bn38th/199 · 2025 | $720.31 bn40th/199 · 2025 |
| GDP per person USD | $60,75022nd/210 · 2025 | $131,5925th/210 · 2025 |
| GDP per person (PPP) intl. USD | $74,67624th/199 · 2025 | $155,0893rd/199 · 2025 |
| GNI per person (Atlas) USD | $59,50021st/201 · 2025 | $87,3607th/201 · 2025 |
| GDP growth % | 1.0%176th/210 · 2025 | 12.3%4th/210 · 2025 |
| Inflation % | 2.5%78th/180 · 2025 | 2.2%65th/180 · 2025 |
| Unemployment % | 5.9%107th/187 · 2025 | 4.6%78th/187 · 2025 |
| General government gross debt % of GDP | 107.9%175th/189 · 2025 | 34.8%48th/189 · 2025 |
| Government budget balance % of GDP | -5.2%152nd/192 · 2025 | 1.9%24th/192 · 2025 |
| Main industries | ||
| Agriculture, forestry, fishing % of GDP | 0.7%176th/197 · 2025 | 1.1%169th/197 · 2025 |
| Industry incl. construction % of GDP | 18.6%134th/200 · 2025 | 37.8%20th/200 · 2025 |
| Manufacturing % of GDP | 11.2%87th/192 · 2025 | 33.9%3rd/192 · 2025 |
| Services % of GDP | 71.2%31st/200 · 2025 | 56.7%113th/200 · 2025 |
| Trade | ||
| Exports of goods & services USD | $547.36 bn19th/182 · 2025 | $1.01 trn8th/182 · 2025 |
| Imports of goods & services USD | $562.00 bn18th/182 · 2025 | $720.92 bn16th/182 · 2025 |
| Exports % of GDP | 75.5%22nd/183 · 2025 | 140.1%5th/183 · 2025 |
| Imports % of GDP | 77.5%24th/183 · 2025 | 99.9%9th/183 · 2025 |
| Trade openness % of GDP | 152.9%20th/183 · 2025 | 240.0%5th/183 · 2025 |
| Fuel exports % of merchandise exports | 10.2%48th/170 · 2025 | 0.3%131st/170 · 2025 |
| Manufactures exports % of merchandise exports | 69.4%43rd/171 · 2025 | 91.4%3rd/171 · 2025 |
| Food exports % of merchandise exports | 13.8%94th/171 · 2025 | 7.4%127th/171 · 2025 |
| Ores & metals exports % of merchandise exports | 4.1%71st/171 · 2025 | 0.6%149th/171 · 2025 |
| High-tech exports % of manufactured exports | 19.8%33rd/168 · 2024 | 53.5%8th/168 · 2024 |
| Current account balance % of GDP | -1.9%99th/191 · 2025 | 8.0%24th/191 · 2025 |
| Foreign direct investment, inflows % of GDP | -4.0%194th/196 · 2025 | 10.4%18th/196 · 2025 |
| Natural resources | ||
| Natural resource rents % of GDP | 0.0%164th/209 · 2021 | 0.1%157th/209 · 2021 |
| Oil rents % of GDP | 0.03%91st/197 · 2021 | 0.00%111th/197 · 2021 |
| Natural gas rents % of GDP | 0.00%97th/197 · 2021 | 0.05%65th/197 · 2021 |
| Coal rents % of GDP | 0.00%68th/195 · 2021 | 0.00%68th/195 · 2021 |
| Mineral rents % of GDP | 0.00%91st/209 · 2021 | 0.04%77th/209 · 2021 |
| Forest rents % of GDP | 0.01%148th/209 · 2021 | 0.01%153rd/209 · 2021 |
| Arable land % of land area | 28.3%33rd/206 · 2024 | 6.3%126th/206 · 2024 |
| Renewable freshwater per person m³ | 1,027125th/183 · 2022 | 9,40049th/183 · 2022 |
| Tourism | ||
| International tourist arrivals arrivals | 2.6 m57th/194 · 2020 | 11.0 m23rd/194 · 2019 |
| Tourism receipts USD | $7.45 bn25th/175 · 2020 | $4.16 bn35th/175 · 2020 |
| Tourism receipts % of exports | 1.8%135th/168 · 2020 | 0.7%158th/168 · 2020 |
| Outbound trips departures | 5.9 m27th/107 · 2020 | 2.3 m46th/107 · 2020 |
| Society & health | ||
| Life expectancy years | 82.331st/217 · 2024 | 83.023rd/217 · 2024 |
| Under-5 mortality per 1,000 births | 3.726th/196 · 2024 | 3.930th/196 · 2024 |
| Physicians per 1,000 people | 3.5743rd/174 · 2022 | 3.8835th/174 · 2023 |
| Hospital beds per 1,000 people | 5.423rd/145 · 2023 | 3.059th/145 · 2023 |
| DPT immunization % of children 12–23 months | 97%29th/193 · 2024 | 92%86th/193 · 2024 |
| Completed lower secondary, 25+ % of adults | 88.9%51st/153 · 2023 | 92.5%40th/153 · 2023 |
| Secondary enrolment % gross | 143.0%2nd/173 · 2023 | 130.6%9th/173 · 2022 |
| Old-age dependency ratio % of working-age population | 33.1%27th/217 · 2025 | 24.7%61st/217 · 2025 |
| Health spending % of GDP | 10.8%19th/193 · 2023 | 6.9%89th/193 · 2024 |
| Tertiary enrolment % gross | 82.1%22nd/150 · 2023 | 77.6%33rd/150 · 2022 |
| Human Development Index index 0–1 | 0.95110th/193 · 2023 | 0.94911th/193 · 2023 |
| Income inequality (Gini) index | 26.89th/108 · 2023 | 29.018th/108 · 2023 |
| Extreme poverty % of population | 0.1%10th/108 · 2023 | 0.1%10th/108 · 2023 |
| Infrastructure & digital | ||
| Access to electricity % of population | 100.0%1st/215 · 2024 | 100.0%1st/215 · 2024 |
| Safely managed drinking water % of population | 99.5%25th/150 · 2024 | 96.1%49th/150 · 2024 |
| Safely managed sanitation % of population | 94.9%25th/144 · 2024 | 81.3%48th/144 · 2024 |
| Internet users % of population | 95.8%20th/186 · 2024 | 97.2%16th/186 · 2024 |
| Mobile subscriptions per 100 people | 104134th/210 · 2024 | 113112th/210 · 2024 |
| Fixed broadband per 100 people | 44.217th/208 · 2024 | 32.351st/208 · 2024 |
| Trade & transport infrastructure quality (LPI) score 1–5 | 4.109th/164 · 2022 | 3.5038th/164 · 2022 |
| Rail lines route-km | 3,61237th/82 · 2021 | 1,65058th/82 · 2021 |
| Air passengers carried passengers | 11.4 m46th/161 · 2023 | 192.5 m3rd/161 · 2023 |
| Environment & energy | ||
| CO₂ emissions per person t CO₂e | 7.31173rd/203 · 2024 | 6.04163rd/203 · 2024 |
| Renewable energy % of final energy use | 11.7%136th/212 · 2021 | 12.7%129th/212 · 2021 |
| Air pollution (PM2.5) µg/m³ | 8.435th/200 · 2023 | 7.529th/200 · 2023 |
| Forest area % of land area | 22.0%128th/214 · 2024 | 12.0%158th/214 · 2024 |
| Energy use per person kg oil eq. | 4,07721st/149 · 2024 | 2,47046th/149 · 2024 |
| Institutions & safety | ||
| Government effectiveness score 0–100 | 79.325th/205 · 2025 | 85.715th/205 · 2025 |
| Control of corruption score 0–100 | 75.623rd/207 · 2025 | 78.519th/207 · 2025 |
| Rule of law score 0–100 | 79.527th/207 · 2025 | 84.216th/207 · 2025 |
| Political stability score 0–100 | 68.6101st/207 · 2025 | 78.762nd/207 · 2025 |
| Regulatory quality score 0–100 | 76.322nd/205 · 2025 | 83.38th/205 · 2025 |
| Voice & accountability score 0–100 | 83.912th/205 · 2025 | 87.16th/205 · 2025 |
| Homicide rate per 100,000 | 1.144th/145 · 2021 | 0.719th/145 · 2023 |
| Military | ||
| Military expenditure USD | $14.53 bn28th/156 · 2025 | $1.55 bn72nd/156 · 2025 |
| Military expenditure % of GDP | 2.0%64th/156 · 2025 | 0.2%151st/156 · 2025 |
| Military expenditure % of government spending | 3.7%119th/154 · 2025 | 0.9%150th/154 · 2025 |
| Armed forces personnel people | 24,00096th/170 · 2020 | 9,000136th/170 · 2020 |
| Armed forces personnel % of labour force | 0.47%120th/168 · 2020 | 0.37%136th/168 · 2020 |
| Arms imports (SIPRI TIV) TIV | 430.0 m25th/163 · 2025 | 14.0 m99th/163 · 2025 |
| Arms exports (SIPRI TIV) TIV | 86.0 m27th/65 · 2025 | 24.0 m42nd/65 · 2025 |
| Science & innovation | ||
| R&D spending % of GDP | 3.27%7th/110 · 2023 | 1.59%26th/110 · 2023 |
| Patent applications by residents applications | 64740th/137 · 2024 | 6876th/137 · 2024 |
| Scientific articles articles | 16,81628th/197 · 2023 | 8,72046th/197 · 2023 |
Questions and answers
Which has more people, Belgium or Ireland?
Belgium has the larger population: 11.9 m (2025) compared with 5.5 m for Ireland (2025). Source: World Bank, SP.POP.TOTL.
Which is bigger by area, Belgium or Ireland?
Ireland is larger: 70,280 km² (2024) compared with 30,689 km² for Belgium (2024). Source: World Bank, AG.SRF.TOTL.K2.
Which economy is larger, Belgium or Ireland?
Belgium has the larger economy at purchasing power parity: $891.76 bn intl. (2025) compared with $850.57 bn intl. for Ireland (2025). Source: World Bank, NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD.
Which is richer per person, Belgium or Ireland?
Ireland has the higher GDP per person (PPP): $155,089 intl. (2025) compared with $74,676 intl. for Belgium (2025). Source: World Bank, NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD.
Where do people live longer, in Belgium or Ireland?
Ireland has the higher life expectancy at birth: 83.0 years (2024) compared with 82.3 years for Belgium (2024). Source: World Bank, SP.DYN.LE00.IN.
Which spends more on the military, Belgium or Ireland?
Belgium spends more on the military: $14.53 bn (2025) compared with $1.55 bn for Ireland (2025). Source: World Bank, MS.MIL.XPND.CD.
Which ranks higher in the NationsTree Index, Belgium or Ireland?
Ireland: 80.4 points (5th in the world); Belgium: 77.9 points (9th). The index combines foundations, economic strength, quality of life, problems and 5-year direction from public statistics.
Sources
World Bank World Development Indicators and Worldwide Governance Indicators, compiling UN agencies, the IMF, WHO, SIPRI and national statistical offices; every row links to its world ranking with the source series. See Sources & licences and Methodology.
Cite as: NationsTree (2026). Belgium vs Ireland — country comparison. https://nationstree.org/compare/belgium-vs-ireland. Data as of 26 October 2026.