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Comparison · latest available · data as of 26 October 2026 · printed 27 Oct 2026
NationsTree / Compare / Australia vs China

Australia vs China

Side-by-side comparison of Australia and China from official statistics: size, economy, people, trade, natural resources, health, infrastructure and military, with world ranks, years and sources.

Australia

East Asia & Pacific · nation age 125 years

NationsTree Index77.110th of 196
Tree height30 m 
vs
23:9
indicators where each ranks higher

China

East Asia & Pacific · nation age 3,625 years

NationsTree Index69.836th of 196
Tree height132 m 
Open in the comparison tool Data as of 26 October 2026

In short

Australia scores 77.1 in the NationsTree Index (10th in the world) and China scores 69.8 (36th), a gap of 7.3 points. Their trees are 30 m and 132 m tall; tree height grows with real GDP and is adjusted by the index.

China has 51 times the population of Australia. China has 24% more land area than Australia. China has an economy 21 times the size of Australia (GDP at purchasing power parity). Population: Australia 27.6 million and China 1.4 billion (2025).

GDP per person at purchasing power parity is $71,934 in Australia and $29,333 in China (2025, international dollars). People in Australia live on average 5.0 years longer (83.1 vs 78.0 years).

Of 32 indicators reported by both countries, Australia ranks higher in the world on 23 and China on 9. Australia is clearly stronger in institutions & safety, society & health and environment & energy. China is clearly stronger in main industries, tourism and science & innovation.

As a nation, China is the older of the two (statehood since 1600 BC, 3,625 years), compared with Australia (since 1901). Over the last five years China improved faster (direction score 42 vs 34 out of 100).

Where they differ most

The indicators with the biggest gap in world position between Australia and China.

Over time

How the two countries moved against each other, from the yearly data.

NationsTree IndexAustraliaChina
405060708090 1996 2001 2006 2011 2016 2021 2025

Australia has been ahead of China in the NationsTree Index in every year since 1996.

Australia has been ahead of China in GDP per person (PPP) and life expectancy in every year since 1990.

China has been ahead of Australia in GDP (PPP) and population in every year since 1990.

Strength by category

Average world percentile of the indicators in each category (0–100, direction taken into account). i

All indicators

Latest available value for each country with its year and world rank. Green: the better world position of the two, red: the weaker one.

Indicator Australia China
Land & people
Surface area i km² 7,741,2206th/216 · 2024 9,562,9104th/216 · 2024
Land area i km² 7,688,2876th/216 · 2024 9,388,2102nd/216 · 2024
Population i people 27.6 m55th/217 · 2025 1.4 bn2nd/217 · 2025
Population growth i % 1.53%69th/217 · 2025 -0.17%188th/217 · 2025
Population density i people/km² 3.5214th/216 · 2024 150.176th/216 · 2024
Urban population i % 87.7%41st/217 · 2025 66.3%101st/217 · 2025
Population aged 0–14 i % 17.7%144th/217 · 2025 15.4%174th/217 · 2025
Population aged 65+ i % 18.1%48th/217 · 2025 14.9%68th/217 · 2025
Economy
GDP i USD $1.80 trn15th/210 · 2025 $19.50 trn2nd/210 · 2025
GDP (PPP) i intl. USD $1.99 trn20th/199 · 2025 $41.26 trn1st/199 · 2025
Real GDP (PPP, constant 2021 prices) i intl. USD 2021 $1.66 trn21st/199 · 2025 $35.26 trn1st/199 · 2025
GDP per person i USD $65,13019th/210 · 2025 $13,86293rd/210 · 2025
GDP per person (PPP) i intl. USD $71,93428th/199 · 2025 $29,33381st/199 · 2025
GNI per person (Atlas) i USD $64,12016th/201 · 2025 $14,23078th/201 · 2025
GDP growth i % 1.4%163rd/210 · 2025 5.0%53rd/210 · 2025
Inflation i % 2.9%85th/180 · 2025 0.1%14th/180 · 2025
Unemployment i % 4.1%69th/187 · 2025 4.6%76th/187 · 2025
Central government debt i % of GDP 57.9%29th/55 · 2022 —
General government gross debt i % of GDP 51.9%88th/189 · 2025 98.6%166th/189 · 2025
Government budget balance i % of GDP -2.9%102nd/192 · 2025 -7.9%179th/192 · 2025
Main industries
Agriculture, forestry, fishing i % of GDP 2.3%144th/197 · 2025 6.7%95th/197 · 2025
Industry incl. construction i % of GDP 23.9%100th/200 · 2025 35.6%29th/200 · 2025
Manufacturing i % of GDP 5.3%149th/192 · 2025 24.7%9th/192 · 2025
Services i % of GDP 67.5%44th/200 · 2025 57.7%100th/200 · 2025
Trade
Exports of goods & services i USD $418.06 bn23rd/182 · 2025 $4.11 trn1st/182 · 2025
Imports of goods & services i USD $407.49 bn22nd/182 · 2025 $3.29 trn2nd/182 · 2025
Exports i % of GDP 23.2%130th/183 · 2025 21.1%144th/183 · 2025
Imports i % of GDP 22.7%159th/183 · 2025 16.9%173rd/183 · 2025
Trade openness i % of GDP 45.9%153rd/183 · 2025 38.0%165th/183 · 2025
Fuel exports i % of merchandise exports 26.9%31st/170 · 2025 1.4%111th/170 · 2025
Manufactures exports i % of merchandise exports 9.8%134th/171 · 2025 90.5%4th/171 · 2025
Food exports i % of merchandise exports 13.7%95th/171 · 2025 2.3%150th/171 · 2025
Ores & metals exports i % of merchandise exports 34.6%12th/171 · 2025 1.6%115th/171 · 2025
High-tech exports i % of manufactured exports 25.2%22nd/168 · 2024 26.3%20th/168 · 2024
Current account balance i % of GDP -2.6%107th/191 · 2025 3.7%44th/191 · 2025
Foreign direct investment, inflows i % of GDP 2.1%97th/196 · 2025 0.4%163rd/196 · 2025
Natural resources
Natural resource rents i % of GDP 13.4%37th/209 · 2021 1.7%103rd/209 · 2021
Oil rents i % of GDP 0.26%69th/197 · 2021 0.31%62nd/197 · 2021
Natural gas rents i % of GDP 1.72%25th/197 · 2021 0.21%52nd/197 · 2021
Coal rents i % of GDP 0.79%8th/195 · 2021 0.61%12th/195 · 2021
Mineral rents i % of GDP 10.47%11th/209 · 2021 0.51%55th/209 · 2021
Forest rents i % of GDP 0.12%108th/209 · 2021 0.07%122nd/209 · 2021
Arable land i % of land area 4.1%145th/206 · 2024 11.6%88th/206 · 2024
Renewable freshwater per person i m³ 18,90932nd/183 · 2022 1,992106th/183 · 2022
Tourism
International tourist arrivals i arrivals 1.8 m74th/194 · 2020 30.4 m11th/194 · 2020
Tourism receipts i USD $26.23 bn5th/175 · 2020 $27.76 bn2004
Tourism receipts i % of exports 8.7%65th/168 · 2020 4.6%2004
Outbound trips i departures 2.8 m42nd/107 · 2020 20.3 m12th/107 · 2020
Society & health
Life expectancy i years 83.122nd/217 · 2024 78.070th/217 · 2024
Under-5 mortality i per 1,000 births 3.625th/196 · 2024 5.747th/196 · 2024
Physicians i per 1,000 people 4.0929th/174 · 2022 3.1156th/174 · 2022
Hospital beds i per 1,000 people 3.82016 5.619th/145 · 2023
DPT immunization i % of children 12–23 months 93%81st/193 · 2024 97%29th/193 · 2024
Completed lower secondary, 25+ i % of adults 93.2%37th/153 · 2024 72.4%80th/153 · 2020
Secondary enrolment i % gross 131.9%8th/173 · 2024 92.3%2012
Social protection coverage (incl. pensions) i % of population — 63.1%2013
Old-age dependency ratio i % of working-age population 28.2%48th/217 · 2025 21.4%69th/217 · 2025
Health spending i % of GDP 10.4%25th/193 · 2023 5.9%106th/193 · 2023
Adult literacy i % — 96.7%27th/98 · 2020
Tertiary enrolment i % gross 108.4%8th/150 · 2024 76.9%36th/150 · 2024
Human Development Index i index 0–1 0.9587th/193 · 2023 0.79778th/193 · 2023
Income inequality (Gini) i index 33.82020 36.065th/108 · 2022
Extreme poverty i % of population 0.9%2020 0.0%1st/108 · 2022
Infrastructure & digital
Access to electricity i % of population 100.0%1st/215 · 2024 100.0%1st/215 · 2024
Safely managed sanitation i % of population 95.8%22nd/144 · 2024 68.9%66th/144 · 2024
Internet users i % of population 96.1%19th/186 · 2024 91.6%47th/186 · 2025
Mobile subscriptions i per 100 people 113113th/210 · 2024 13254th/210 · 2024
Fixed broadband i per 100 people 36.537th/208 · 2024 47.29th/208 · 2024
Trade & transport infrastructure quality (LPI) i score 1–5 4.109th/164 · 2022 4.0014th/164 · 2022
Rail lines i route-km — 109,7672nd/82 · 2021
Air passengers carried i passengers 69.0 m17th/161 · 2023 619.2 m2nd/161 · 2023
Environment & energy
CO₂ emissions per person i t CO₂e 14.10192nd/203 · 2024 9.32182nd/203 · 2024
Renewable energy i % of final energy use 12.3%130th/212 · 2021 15.2%122nd/212 · 2021
Air pollution (PM2.5) i µg/m³ 6.420th/200 · 2023 32.0158th/200 · 2023
Forest area i % of land area 17.4%138th/214 · 2024 24.0%122nd/214 · 2024
Energy use per person i kg oil eq. 5,00016th/149 · 2024 2,94737th/149 · 2024
Institutions & safety
Government effectiveness i score 0–100 88.211th/205 · 2025 65.159th/205 · 2025
Control of corruption i score 0–100 85.110th/207 · 2025 49.589th/207 · 2025
Rule of law i score 0–100 82.720th/207 · 2025 51.6127th/207 · 2025
Political stability i score 0–100 79.360th/207 · 2025 66.0115th/207 · 2025
Regulatory quality i score 0–100 84.25th/205 · 2025 53.6104th/205 · 2025
Voice & accountability i score 0–100 83.715th/205 · 2025 26.1191st/205 · 2025
Homicide rate i per 100,000 0.934th/145 · 2023 0.511th/145 · 2020
Military
Military expenditure i USD $35.33 bn17th/156 · 2025 $335.52 bn2nd/156 · 2025
Military expenditure i % of GDP 1.9%68th/156 · 2025 1.7%78th/156 · 2025
Military expenditure i % of government spending 4.9%82nd/154 · 2025 5.1%79th/154 · 2025
Armed forces personnel i people 60,00064th/170 · 2020 2.5 m2nd/170 · 2020
Armed forces personnel i % of labour force 0.44%122nd/168 · 2020 0.33%142nd/168 · 2020
Arms imports (SIPRI TIV) i TIV 826.0 m11th/163 · 2025 207.0 m37th/163 · 2025
Arms exports (SIPRI TIV) i TIV 108.0 m26th/65 · 2025 880.0 m8th/65 · 2025
Science & innovation
R&D spending i % of GDP 1.86%19th/110 · 2021 2.58%15th/110 · 2023
Patent applications by residents i applications 2,54218th/137 · 2024 1.7 m1st/137 · 2024
Scientific articles i articles 54,58915th/197 · 2023 932,7121st/197 · 2023

Questions and answers

Which has more people, Australia or China?

China has the larger population: 1.4 bn (2025) compared with 27.6 m for Australia (2025). Source: World Bank, SP.POP.TOTL.

Which is bigger by area, Australia or China?

China is larger: 9,562,910 km² (2024) compared with 7,741,220 km² for Australia (2024). Source: World Bank, AG.SRF.TOTL.K2.

Which economy is larger, Australia or China?

China has the larger economy at purchasing power parity: $41.26 trn intl. (2025) compared with $1.99 trn intl. for Australia (2025). Source: World Bank, NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD.

Which is richer per person, Australia or China?

Australia has the higher GDP per person (PPP): $71,934 intl. (2025) compared with $29,333 intl. for China (2025). Source: World Bank, NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD.

Where do people live longer, in Australia or China?

Australia has the higher life expectancy at birth: 83.1 years (2024) compared with 78.0 years for China (2024). Source: World Bank, SP.DYN.LE00.IN.

Which spends more on the military, Australia or China?

China spends more on the military: $335.52 bn (2025) compared with $35.33 bn for Australia (2025). Source: World Bank, MS.MIL.XPND.CD.

Which ranks higher in the NationsTree Index, Australia or China?

Australia: 77.1 points (10th in the world); China: 69.8 points (36th). The index combines foundations, economic strength, quality of life, problems and 5-year direction from public statistics.

More comparisons

Sources

World Bank World Development Indicators and Worldwide Governance Indicators, compiling UN agencies, the IMF, WHO, SIPRI and national statistical offices; every row links to its world ranking with the source series. See Sources & licences and Methodology.

Cite as: NationsTree (2026). Australia vs China — country comparison. https://nationstree.org/compare/australia-vs-china. Data as of 26 October 2026.

Cite as: NationsTree (2026). Australia vs China — country comparison. https://nationstree.org/compare/australia-vs-china. Data as of 26 October 2026.
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