Australia vs China
Side-by-side comparison of Australia and China from official statistics: size, economy, people, trade, natural resources, health, infrastructure and military, with world ranks, years and sources.
Australia
East Asia & Pacific · nation age 125 years
China
East Asia & Pacific · nation age 3,625 years
In short
Australia scores 77.1 in the NationsTree Index (10th in the world) and China scores 69.8 (36th), a gap of 7.3 points. Their trees are 30 m and 132 m tall; tree height grows with real GDP and is adjusted by the index.
China has 51 times the population of Australia. China has 24% more land area than Australia. China has an economy 21 times the size of Australia (GDP at purchasing power parity). Population: Australia 27.6 million and China 1.4 billion (2025).
GDP per person at purchasing power parity is $71,934 in Australia and $29,333 in China (2025, international dollars). People in Australia live on average 5.0 years longer (83.1 vs 78.0 years).
Of 32 indicators reported by both countries, Australia ranks higher in the world on 23 and China on 9. Australia is clearly stronger in institutions & safety, society & health and environment & energy. China is clearly stronger in main industries, tourism and science & innovation.
As a nation, China is the older of the two (statehood since 1600 BC, 3,625 years), compared with Australia (since 1901). Over the last five years China improved faster (direction score 42 vs 34 out of 100).
Where they differ most
The indicators with the biggest gap in world position between Australia and China.
Over time
How the two countries moved against each other, from the yearly data.
Australia has been ahead of China in the NationsTree Index in every year since 1996.
Australia has been ahead of China in GDP per person (PPP) and life expectancy in every year since 1990.
China has been ahead of Australia in GDP (PPP) and population in every year since 1990.
Strength by category
Average world percentile of the indicators in each category (0–100, direction taken into account). i
All indicators
Latest available value for each country with its year and world rank. Green: the better world position of the two, red: the weaker one.
| Indicator | ||
|---|---|---|
| Land & people | ||
| Surface area km² | 7,741,2206th/216 · 2024 | 9,562,9104th/216 · 2024 |
| Land area km² | 7,688,2876th/216 · 2024 | 9,388,2102nd/216 · 2024 |
| Population people | 27.6 m55th/217 · 2025 | 1.4 bn2nd/217 · 2025 |
| Population growth % | 1.53%69th/217 · 2025 | -0.17%188th/217 · 2025 |
| Population density people/km² | 3.5214th/216 · 2024 | 150.176th/216 · 2024 |
| Urban population % | 87.7%41st/217 · 2025 | 66.3%101st/217 · 2025 |
| Population aged 0–14 % | 17.7%144th/217 · 2025 | 15.4%174th/217 · 2025 |
| Population aged 65+ % | 18.1%48th/217 · 2025 | 14.9%68th/217 · 2025 |
| Economy | ||
| GDP USD | $1.80 trn15th/210 · 2025 | $19.50 trn2nd/210 · 2025 |
| GDP (PPP) intl. USD | $1.99 trn20th/199 · 2025 | $41.26 trn1st/199 · 2025 |
| Real GDP (PPP, constant 2021 prices) intl. USD 2021 | $1.66 trn21st/199 · 2025 | $35.26 trn1st/199 · 2025 |
| GDP per person USD | $65,13019th/210 · 2025 | $13,86293rd/210 · 2025 |
| GDP per person (PPP) intl. USD | $71,93428th/199 · 2025 | $29,33381st/199 · 2025 |
| GNI per person (Atlas) USD | $64,12016th/201 · 2025 | $14,23078th/201 · 2025 |
| GDP growth % | 1.4%163rd/210 · 2025 | 5.0%53rd/210 · 2025 |
| Inflation % | 2.9%85th/180 · 2025 | 0.1%14th/180 · 2025 |
| Unemployment % | 4.1%69th/187 · 2025 | 4.6%76th/187 · 2025 |
| Central government debt % of GDP | 57.9%29th/55 · 2022 | — |
| General government gross debt % of GDP | 51.9%88th/189 · 2025 | 98.6%166th/189 · 2025 |
| Government budget balance % of GDP | -2.9%102nd/192 · 2025 | -7.9%179th/192 · 2025 |
| Main industries | ||
| Agriculture, forestry, fishing % of GDP | 2.3%144th/197 · 2025 | 6.7%95th/197 · 2025 |
| Industry incl. construction % of GDP | 23.9%100th/200 · 2025 | 35.6%29th/200 · 2025 |
| Manufacturing % of GDP | 5.3%149th/192 · 2025 | 24.7%9th/192 · 2025 |
| Services % of GDP | 67.5%44th/200 · 2025 | 57.7%100th/200 · 2025 |
| Trade | ||
| Exports of goods & services USD | $418.06 bn23rd/182 · 2025 | $4.11 trn1st/182 · 2025 |
| Imports of goods & services USD | $407.49 bn22nd/182 · 2025 | $3.29 trn2nd/182 · 2025 |
| Exports % of GDP | 23.2%130th/183 · 2025 | 21.1%144th/183 · 2025 |
| Imports % of GDP | 22.7%159th/183 · 2025 | 16.9%173rd/183 · 2025 |
| Trade openness % of GDP | 45.9%153rd/183 · 2025 | 38.0%165th/183 · 2025 |
| Fuel exports % of merchandise exports | 26.9%31st/170 · 2025 | 1.4%111th/170 · 2025 |
| Manufactures exports % of merchandise exports | 9.8%134th/171 · 2025 | 90.5%4th/171 · 2025 |
| Food exports % of merchandise exports | 13.7%95th/171 · 2025 | 2.3%150th/171 · 2025 |
| Ores & metals exports % of merchandise exports | 34.6%12th/171 · 2025 | 1.6%115th/171 · 2025 |
| High-tech exports % of manufactured exports | 25.2%22nd/168 · 2024 | 26.3%20th/168 · 2024 |
| Current account balance % of GDP | -2.6%107th/191 · 2025 | 3.7%44th/191 · 2025 |
| Foreign direct investment, inflows % of GDP | 2.1%97th/196 · 2025 | 0.4%163rd/196 · 2025 |
| Natural resources | ||
| Natural resource rents % of GDP | 13.4%37th/209 · 2021 | 1.7%103rd/209 · 2021 |
| Oil rents % of GDP | 0.26%69th/197 · 2021 | 0.31%62nd/197 · 2021 |
| Natural gas rents % of GDP | 1.72%25th/197 · 2021 | 0.21%52nd/197 · 2021 |
| Coal rents % of GDP | 0.79%8th/195 · 2021 | 0.61%12th/195 · 2021 |
| Mineral rents % of GDP | 10.47%11th/209 · 2021 | 0.51%55th/209 · 2021 |
| Forest rents % of GDP | 0.12%108th/209 · 2021 | 0.07%122nd/209 · 2021 |
| Arable land % of land area | 4.1%145th/206 · 2024 | 11.6%88th/206 · 2024 |
| Renewable freshwater per person m³ | 18,90932nd/183 · 2022 | 1,992106th/183 · 2022 |
| Tourism | ||
| International tourist arrivals arrivals | 1.8 m74th/194 · 2020 | 30.4 m11th/194 · 2020 |
| Tourism receipts USD | $26.23 bn5th/175 · 2020 | $27.76 bn2004 |
| Tourism receipts % of exports | 8.7%65th/168 · 2020 | 4.6%2004 |
| Outbound trips departures | 2.8 m42nd/107 · 2020 | 20.3 m12th/107 · 2020 |
| Society & health | ||
| Life expectancy years | 83.122nd/217 · 2024 | 78.070th/217 · 2024 |
| Under-5 mortality per 1,000 births | 3.625th/196 · 2024 | 5.747th/196 · 2024 |
| Physicians per 1,000 people | 4.0929th/174 · 2022 | 3.1156th/174 · 2022 |
| Hospital beds per 1,000 people | 3.82016 | 5.619th/145 · 2023 |
| DPT immunization % of children 12–23 months | 93%81st/193 · 2024 | 97%29th/193 · 2024 |
| Completed lower secondary, 25+ % of adults | 93.2%37th/153 · 2024 | 72.4%80th/153 · 2020 |
| Secondary enrolment % gross | 131.9%8th/173 · 2024 | 92.3%2012 |
| Social protection coverage (incl. pensions) % of population | — | 63.1%2013 |
| Old-age dependency ratio % of working-age population | 28.2%48th/217 · 2025 | 21.4%69th/217 · 2025 |
| Health spending % of GDP | 10.4%25th/193 · 2023 | 5.9%106th/193 · 2023 |
| Adult literacy % | — | 96.7%27th/98 · 2020 |
| Tertiary enrolment % gross | 108.4%8th/150 · 2024 | 76.9%36th/150 · 2024 |
| Human Development Index index 0–1 | 0.9587th/193 · 2023 | 0.79778th/193 · 2023 |
| Income inequality (Gini) index | 33.82020 | 36.065th/108 · 2022 |
| Extreme poverty % of population | 0.9%2020 | 0.0%1st/108 · 2022 |
| Infrastructure & digital | ||
| Access to electricity % of population | 100.0%1st/215 · 2024 | 100.0%1st/215 · 2024 |
| Safely managed sanitation % of population | 95.8%22nd/144 · 2024 | 68.9%66th/144 · 2024 |
| Internet users % of population | 96.1%19th/186 · 2024 | 91.6%47th/186 · 2025 |
| Mobile subscriptions per 100 people | 113113th/210 · 2024 | 13254th/210 · 2024 |
| Fixed broadband per 100 people | 36.537th/208 · 2024 | 47.29th/208 · 2024 |
| Trade & transport infrastructure quality (LPI) score 1–5 | 4.109th/164 · 2022 | 4.0014th/164 · 2022 |
| Rail lines route-km | — | 109,7672nd/82 · 2021 |
| Air passengers carried passengers | 69.0 m17th/161 · 2023 | 619.2 m2nd/161 · 2023 |
| Environment & energy | ||
| CO₂ emissions per person t CO₂e | 14.10192nd/203 · 2024 | 9.32182nd/203 · 2024 |
| Renewable energy % of final energy use | 12.3%130th/212 · 2021 | 15.2%122nd/212 · 2021 |
| Air pollution (PM2.5) µg/m³ | 6.420th/200 · 2023 | 32.0158th/200 · 2023 |
| Forest area % of land area | 17.4%138th/214 · 2024 | 24.0%122nd/214 · 2024 |
| Energy use per person kg oil eq. | 5,00016th/149 · 2024 | 2,94737th/149 · 2024 |
| Institutions & safety | ||
| Government effectiveness score 0–100 | 88.211th/205 · 2025 | 65.159th/205 · 2025 |
| Control of corruption score 0–100 | 85.110th/207 · 2025 | 49.589th/207 · 2025 |
| Rule of law score 0–100 | 82.720th/207 · 2025 | 51.6127th/207 · 2025 |
| Political stability score 0–100 | 79.360th/207 · 2025 | 66.0115th/207 · 2025 |
| Regulatory quality score 0–100 | 84.25th/205 · 2025 | 53.6104th/205 · 2025 |
| Voice & accountability score 0–100 | 83.715th/205 · 2025 | 26.1191st/205 · 2025 |
| Homicide rate per 100,000 | 0.934th/145 · 2023 | 0.511th/145 · 2020 |
| Military | ||
| Military expenditure USD | $35.33 bn17th/156 · 2025 | $335.52 bn2nd/156 · 2025 |
| Military expenditure % of GDP | 1.9%68th/156 · 2025 | 1.7%78th/156 · 2025 |
| Military expenditure % of government spending | 4.9%82nd/154 · 2025 | 5.1%79th/154 · 2025 |
| Armed forces personnel people | 60,00064th/170 · 2020 | 2.5 m2nd/170 · 2020 |
| Armed forces personnel % of labour force | 0.44%122nd/168 · 2020 | 0.33%142nd/168 · 2020 |
| Arms imports (SIPRI TIV) TIV | 826.0 m11th/163 · 2025 | 207.0 m37th/163 · 2025 |
| Arms exports (SIPRI TIV) TIV | 108.0 m26th/65 · 2025 | 880.0 m8th/65 · 2025 |
| Science & innovation | ||
| R&D spending % of GDP | 1.86%19th/110 · 2021 | 2.58%15th/110 · 2023 |
| Patent applications by residents applications | 2,54218th/137 · 2024 | 1.7 m1st/137 · 2024 |
| Scientific articles articles | 54,58915th/197 · 2023 | 932,7121st/197 · 2023 |
Questions and answers
Which has more people, Australia or China?
China has the larger population: 1.4 bn (2025) compared with 27.6 m for Australia (2025). Source: World Bank, SP.POP.TOTL.
Which is bigger by area, Australia or China?
China is larger: 9,562,910 km² (2024) compared with 7,741,220 km² for Australia (2024). Source: World Bank, AG.SRF.TOTL.K2.
Which economy is larger, Australia or China?
China has the larger economy at purchasing power parity: $41.26 trn intl. (2025) compared with $1.99 trn intl. for Australia (2025). Source: World Bank, NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD.
Which is richer per person, Australia or China?
Australia has the higher GDP per person (PPP): $71,934 intl. (2025) compared with $29,333 intl. for China (2025). Source: World Bank, NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD.
Where do people live longer, in Australia or China?
Australia has the higher life expectancy at birth: 83.1 years (2024) compared with 78.0 years for China (2024). Source: World Bank, SP.DYN.LE00.IN.
Which spends more on the military, Australia or China?
China spends more on the military: $335.52 bn (2025) compared with $35.33 bn for Australia (2025). Source: World Bank, MS.MIL.XPND.CD.
Which ranks higher in the NationsTree Index, Australia or China?
Australia: 77.1 points (10th in the world); China: 69.8 points (36th). The index combines foundations, economic strength, quality of life, problems and 5-year direction from public statistics.
Sources
World Bank World Development Indicators and Worldwide Governance Indicators, compiling UN agencies, the IMF, WHO, SIPRI and national statistical offices; every row links to its world ranking with the source series. See Sources & licences and Methodology.
Cite as: NationsTree (2026). Australia vs China — country comparison. https://nationstree.org/compare/australia-vs-china. Data as of 26 October 2026.