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Serbia vs Turkmenistan
Side-by-side comparison of Serbia and Turkmenistan from official statistics: size, economy, people, trade, natural resources, health, infrastructure and military, with world ranks, years and sources.
Serbia
Europe & Central Asia · nation age 1,246 years
Turkmenistan
Europe & Central Asia · nation age 35 years
In short
Serbia scores 49.6 in the NationsTree Index (90th in the world) and Turkmenistan scores 41.3 (124th), a gap of 8.3 points. Their trees are 8.6 m and 7.4 m tall; tree height grows with real GDP and is adjusted by the index.
Turkmenistan has 16% more people than Serbia. Turkmenistan is 5.6 times larger than Serbia by land area. The economy of Serbia is 29% larger than that of Turkmenistan (GDP at purchasing power parity). Population: Serbia 6.5 million and Turkmenistan 7.6 million (2025).
GDP per person at purchasing power parity is $33,910 in Serbia and $22,602 in Turkmenistan (2025, international dollars). People in Serbia live on average 5.8 years longer (76.0 vs 70.2 years).
Of 30 indicators reported by both countries, Serbia ranks higher in the world on 20 and Turkmenistan on 10. Serbia is clearly stronger in science & innovation, trade and institutions & safety. Turkmenistan is clearly stronger in military, economy and main industries.
As a nation, Serbia is the older of the two (statehood since 780, 1,246 years), compared with Turkmenistan (since 1991). Over the last five years Turkmenistan improved faster (direction score 58 vs 8 out of 100).
Where they differ most
The indicators with the biggest gap in world position between Serbia and Turkmenistan.
Serbiabetter
5.4
43rd of 196
Turkmenistan
39.0
155th of 196
Regulatory qualityInstitutions & safety
Serbiabetter
56.5
88th of 205
Turkmenistan
23.1
201st of 205
GDP growthEconomy
Serbia
2.0%
145th of 210
Turkmenistanbetter
6.3%
31st of 210
Renewable energyEnvironment & energy
Serbiabetter
27.2%
89th of 212
Turkmenistan
0.1%
202nd of 212
R&D spendingScience & innovation
Serbiabetter
0.94%
43rd of 110
Turkmenistan
0.09%
100th of 110
Over time
How the two countries moved against each other, from the yearly data.
Turkmenistan overtook Serbia in population in 2020 and has stayed ahead since.
Serbia has been ahead of Turkmenistan in the NationsTree Index in every year since 2000.
Serbia has been ahead of Turkmenistan in GDP per person (PPP) and GDP (PPP) in every year since 1995.
Serbia has been ahead of Turkmenistan in life expectancy in every year since 1990.
Strength by category
Average world percentile of the indicators in each category (0–100, direction taken into account). i
SerbiaTurkmenistan All indicators
Latest available value for each country with its year and world rank. Green: the better world position of the two, red: the weaker one.
| Indicator | Serbia | Turkmenistan |
|---|---|---|
| Land & people | ||
| Surface area km² | 88,490114th/216 · 2024 | 491,20954th/216 · 2024 |
| Land area km² | 87,589112th/216 · 2024 | 469,93053rd/216 · 2024 |
| Population people | 6.5 m109th/217 · 2025 | 7.6 m103rd/217 · 2025 |
| Population growth % | -0.57%203rd/217 · 2025 | 1.65%64th/217 · 2025 |
| Population density people/km² | 75.2132nd/216 · 2024 | 15.9198th/216 · 2024 |
| Urban population % | 62.6%118th/217 · 2025 | 47.1%156th/217 · 2025 |
| Population aged 0–14 % | 14.3%193rd/217 · 2025 | 31.2%66th/217 · 2025 |
| Population aged 65+ % | 23.1%14th/217 · 2025 | 4.8%153rd/217 · 2025 |
| Economy | ||
| GDP USD | $99.95 bn76th/210 · 2025 | $49.83 bn97th/210 · 2025 |
| GDP (PPP) intl. USD | $222.08 bn77th/199 · 2025 | $172.20 bn86th/199 · 2025 |
| Real GDP (PPP, constant 2021 prices) intl. USD 2021 | $180.78 bn78th/199 · 2025 | $147.15 bn85th/199 · 2025 |
| GDP per person USD | $15,26285th/210 · 2025 | $6,540127th/210 · 2025 |
| GDP per person (PPP) intl. USD | $33,91075th/199 · 2025 | $22,60299th/199 · 2025 |
| GNI per person (Atlas) USD | $13,48083rd/201 · 2025 | $6,340115th/201 · 2025 |
| GDP growth % | 2.0%145th/210 · 2025 | 6.3%31st/210 · 2025 |
| Inflation % | 3.9%119th/180 · 2025 | — |
| Unemployment % | 7.1%127th/187 · 2025 | 4.3%72nd/187 · 2025 |
| General government gross debt % of GDP | 42.2%68th/189 · 2025 | 3.1%5th/189 · 2025 |
| Government budget balance % of GDP | -2.2%84th/192 · 2025 | 0.1%36th/192 · 2025 |
| Main industries | ||
| Agriculture, forestry, fishing % of GDP | 3.3%125th/197 · 2025 | 12.4%60th/197 · 2025 |
| Industry incl. construction % of GDP | 22.3%110th/200 · 2025 | 36.0%26th/200 · 2025 |
| Manufacturing % of GDP | 12.7%69th/192 · 2024 | 20.5%2004 |
| Services % of GDP | 59.7%89th/200 · 2025 | 48.9%150th/200 · 2025 |
| Trade | ||
| Exports of goods & services USD | $54.29 bn62nd/182 · 2025 | $7.21 bn119th/182 · 2025 |
| Imports of goods & services USD | $58.58 bn63rd/182 · 2025 | $6.82 bn130th/182 · 2025 |
| Exports % of GDP | 54.3%48th/183 · 2025 | 14.5%164th/183 · 2025 |
| Imports % of GDP | 58.6%58th/183 · 2025 | 13.7%180th/183 · 2025 |
| Trade openness % of GDP | 112.9%46th/183 · 2025 | 28.2%177th/183 · 2025 |
| Fuel exports % of merchandise exports | 2.6%2007 | 81.0%2000 |
| Manufactures exports % of merchandise exports | 65.9%2007 | 6.9%2000 |
| Food exports % of merchandise exports | 18.6%2007 | 0.3%2000 |
| Ores & metals exports % of merchandise exports | 10.3%2007 | 0.4%2000 |
| High-tech exports % of manufactured exports | 4.5%2007 | — |
| Current account balance % of GDP | -4.9%138th/191 · 2025 | 1.7%59th/191 · 2025 |
| Foreign direct investment, inflows % of GDP | 3.9%54th/196 · 2025 | 1.4%123rd/196 · 2025 |
| Natural resources | ||
| Natural resource rents % of GDP | 1.7%101st/209 · 2021 | 13.5%36th/209 · 2019 |
| Oil rents % of GDP | 0.42%55th/197 · 2021 | 5.85%25th/197 · 2019 |
| Natural gas rents % of GDP | 0.10%60th/197 · 2021 | 7.65%9th/197 · 2019 |
| Coal rents % of GDP | 0.24%22nd/195 · 2021 | 0.00%68th/195 · 2019 |
| Mineral rents % of GDP | 0.66%50th/209 · 2021 | 0.00%91st/209 · 2019 |
| Forest rents % of GDP | 0.33%77th/209 · 2021 | 0.00%176th/209 · 2019 |
| Arable land % of land area | 29.0%31st/206 · 2024 | 3.5%151st/206 · 2024 |
| Renewable freshwater per person m³ | 1,261119th/183 · 2022 | 194166th/183 · 2022 |
| Tourism | ||
| International tourist arrivals arrivals | 446,000129th/194 · 2020 | 380,0001998 |
| Tourism receipts USD | $1.42 bn60th/175 · 2020 | $46.0 m1997 |
| Tourism receipts % of exports | 5.6%80th/168 · 2020 | — |
| Outbound trips departures | — | 38,0002007 |
| Society & health | ||
| Life expectancy years | 76.0100th/217 · 2024 | 70.2153rd/217 · 2024 |
| Under-5 mortality per 1,000 births | 5.443rd/196 · 2024 | 39.0155th/196 · 2024 |
| Physicians per 1,000 people | 3.1057th/174 · 2022 | 1.9382nd/174 · 2023 |
| Hospital beds per 1,000 people | 5.816th/145 · 2022 | 3.646th/145 · 2021 |
| DPT immunization % of children 12–23 months | 95%59th/193 · 2024 | 98%20th/193 · 2024 |
| Completed lower secondary, 25+ % of adults | 93.1%38th/153 · 2022 | 99.6%5th/153 · 2022 |
| Secondary enrolment % gross | 89.8%107th/173 · 2024 | 94.6%83rd/173 · 2024 |
| Social protection coverage (incl. pensions) % of population | 62.5%21st/55 · 2022 | — |
| Old-age dependency ratio % of working-age population | 36.8%13th/217 · 2025 | 7.5%151st/217 · 2025 |
| Health spending % of GDP | 8.0%62nd/193 · 2023 | 5.5%119th/193 · 2023 |
| Adult literacy % | 99.3%12th/98 · 2022 | 99.9%5th/98 · 2022 |
| Tertiary enrolment % gross | 70.6%47th/150 · 2024 | 20.4%123rd/150 · 2024 |
| Human Development Index index 0–1 | 0.83362nd/193 · 2023 | 0.76495th/193 · 2023 |
| Income inequality (Gini) index | 32.839th/108 · 2023 | 40.81998 |
| Extreme poverty % of population | 1.1%52nd/108 · 2023 | 35.1%1998 |
| Infrastructure & digital | ||
| Access to electricity % of population | 100.0%1st/215 · 2024 | 100.0%1st/215 · 2024 |
| Safely managed drinking water % of population | 75.0%82nd/150 · 2024 | 94.9%52nd/150 · 2024 |
| Safely managed sanitation % of population | 24.1%122nd/144 · 2024 | — |
| Internet users % of population | 87.7%71st/186 · 2024 | 18.0%2016 |
| Mobile subscriptions per 100 people | 12481st/210 · 2024 | 88161st/210 · 2021 |
| Fixed broadband per 100 people | 33.448th/208 · 2024 | 5.2139th/208 · 2022 |
| Trade & transport infrastructure quality (LPI) score 1–5 | 2.4096th/164 · 2022 | 2.23129th/164 · 2018 |
| Rail lines route-km | 3,34838th/82 · 2021 | 7,68023rd/82 · 2018 |
| Air passengers carried passengers | 3.9 m66th/161 · 2023 | 1.1 m96th/161 · 2023 |
| Environment & energy | ||
| CO₂ emissions per person t CO₂e | — | 10.86186th/203 · 2024 |
| Renewable energy % of final energy use | 27.2%89th/212 · 2021 | 0.1%202nd/212 · 2021 |
| Air pollution (PM2.5) µg/m³ | 19.3111th/200 · 2023 | 31.2156th/200 · 2023 |
| Forest area % of land area | 39.2%81st/214 · 2024 | 5.0%180th/214 · 2024 |
| Energy use per person kg oil eq. | 2,37049th/149 · 2024 | 4,68218th/149 · 2024 |
| Institutions & safety | ||
| Government effectiveness score 0–100 | 53.0105th/205 · 2025 | 28.7184th/205 · 2025 |
| Control of corruption score 0–100 | 35.9142nd/207 · 2025 | 21.7189th/207 · 2025 |
| Rule of law score 0–100 | 53.3119th/207 · 2025 | 35.3190th/207 · 2025 |
| Political stability score 0–100 | 59.9138th/207 · 2025 | 69.796th/207 · 2025 |
| Regulatory quality score 0–100 | 56.588th/205 · 2025 | 23.1201st/205 · 2025 |
| Voice & accountability score 0–100 | 50.1125th/205 · 2025 | 20.8201st/205 · 2025 |
| Homicide rate per 100,000 | 1.353rd/145 · 2023 | 1.02015 |
| Military | ||
| Military expenditure USD | $2.78 bn58th/156 · 2025 | $111.9 m1999 |
| Military expenditure % of GDP | 2.8%36th/156 · 2025 | 3.1%1999 |
| Military expenditure % of government spending | 6.4%55th/154 · 2025 | 15.0%1999 |
| Armed forces personnel people | 32,00086th/170 · 2020 | 57,00066th/170 · 2020 |
| Armed forces personnel % of labour force | 1.01%66th/168 · 2020 | 2.87%17th/168 · 2020 |
| Arms imports (SIPRI TIV) TIV | 146.0 m41st/163 · 2025 | 382.0 m30th/163 · 2021 |
| Arms exports (SIPRI TIV) TIV | 39.0 m36th/65 · 2025 | — |
| Science & innovation | ||
| R&D spending % of GDP | 0.94%43rd/110 · 2024 | 0.09%100th/110 · 2023 |
| Patent applications by residents applications | 13967th/137 · 2024 | 441999 |
| Scientific articles articles | 5,17360th/197 · 2023 | 31166th/197 · 2023 |
Questions and answers
Which has more people, Serbia or Turkmenistan?
Turkmenistan has the larger population: 7.6 m (2025) compared with 6.5 m for Serbia (2025). Source: World Bank, SP.POP.TOTL.
Which is bigger by area, Serbia or Turkmenistan?
Turkmenistan is larger: 491,209 km² (2024) compared with 88,490 km² for Serbia (2024). Source: World Bank, AG.SRF.TOTL.K2.
Which economy is larger, Serbia or Turkmenistan?
Serbia has the larger economy at purchasing power parity: $222.08 bn intl. (2025) compared with $172.20 bn intl. for Turkmenistan (2025). Source: World Bank, NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD.
Which is richer per person, Serbia or Turkmenistan?
Serbia has the higher GDP per person (PPP): $33,910 intl. (2025) compared with $22,602 intl. for Turkmenistan (2025). Source: World Bank, NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD.
Where do people live longer, in Serbia or Turkmenistan?
Serbia has the higher life expectancy at birth: 76.0 years (2024) compared with 70.2 years for Turkmenistan (2024). Source: World Bank, SP.DYN.LE00.IN.
Which spends more on the military, Serbia or Turkmenistan?
Serbia spends more on the military: $2.78 bn (2025) compared with $111.9 m for Turkmenistan (1999). Source: World Bank, MS.MIL.XPND.CD.
Which ranks higher in the NationsTree Index, Serbia or Turkmenistan?
Serbia: 49.6 points (90th in the world); Turkmenistan: 41.3 points (124th). The index combines foundations, economic strength, quality of life, problems and 5-year direction from public statistics.
Azerbaijan
Bulgaria
Croatia
Lithuania
Slovakia
SloveniaSources
World Bank World Development Indicators and Worldwide Governance Indicators, compiling UN agencies, the IMF, WHO, SIPRI and national statistical offices; every row links to its world ranking with the source series. See Sources & licences and Methodology.
Cite as: NationsTree (2026). Serbia vs Turkmenistan — country comparison. https://nationstree.org/compare/serbia-vs-turkmenistan. Data as of 26 October 2026.