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Kosovo vs Montenegro
Side-by-side comparison of Kosovo and Montenegro from official statistics: size, economy, people, trade, natural resources, health, infrastructure and military, with world ranks, years and sources.
Montenegro
Europe & Central Asia · nation age 20 years
In short
Montenegro scores 53.5 in the NationsTree Index (74th in the world) and Kosovo scores 48.7 (95th), a gap of 4.8 points. Their trees are 3.2 m and 2.8 m tall; tree height grows with real GDP and is adjusted by the index.
Kosovo has 2.5 times the population of Montenegro. The economy of Kosovo is 38% larger than that of Montenegro (GDP at purchasing power parity). Population: Kosovo 1.6 million and Montenegro 623,129 (2025).
GDP per person at purchasing power parity is $35,423 in Montenegro and $19,263 in Kosovo (2025, international dollars). Life expectancy is almost the same: 78.2 and 77.9 years.
Of 16 indicators reported by both countries, Kosovo ranks higher in the world on 3 and Montenegro on 13. Kosovo is clearly stronger in main industries and science & innovation. Montenegro is clearly stronger in infrastructure & digital, society & health and institutions & safety.
Over the last five years Kosovo improved faster (direction score 88 vs 79 out of 100).
Where they differ most
The indicators with the biggest gap in world position between Kosovo and Montenegro.
Over time
How the two countries moved against each other, from the yearly data.
Montenegro overtook Kosovo in the NationsTree Index in 2024 and has stayed ahead since.
XKX Kosovo overtook Montenegro in life expectancy in 2021 and has stayed ahead since.
Montenegro has been ahead of Kosovo in GDP per person (PPP) in every year since 2008.
XKX Kosovo has been ahead of Montenegro in GDP (PPP) in every year since 2008.
XKX Kosovo has been ahead of Montenegro in population in every year since 1990.
Strength by category
Average world percentile of the indicators in each category (0–100, direction taken into account). i
All indicators
Latest available value for each country with its year and world rank. Green: the better world position of the two, red: the weaker one.
| Indicator | XKX Kosovo | Montenegro |
|---|---|---|
| Land & people | ||
| Surface area km² | — | 13,883157th/216 · 2024 |
| Land area km² | — | 13,450157th/216 · 2024 |
| Population people | 1.6 m153rd/217 · 2025 | 623,129169th/217 · 2025 |
| Population growth % | -1.10%210th/217 · 2025 | -0.06%175th/217 · 2025 |
| Population density people/km² | — | 46.4157th/216 · 2024 |
| Urban population % | 50.9%153rd/217 · 2025 | 65.6%105th/217 · 2025 |
| Population aged 0–14 % | 20.0%124th/217 · 2025 | 17.9%142nd/217 · 2025 |
| Population aged 65+ % | 10.5%95th/217 · 2025 | 18.3%46th/217 · 2025 |
| Economy | ||
| GDP USD | $12.46 bn151st/210 · 2025 | $9.23 bn155th/210 · 2025 |
| GDP (PPP) intl. USD | $30.38 bn150th/199 · 2025 | $22.07 bn152nd/199 · 2025 |
| Real GDP (PPP, constant 2021 prices) intl. USD 2021 | $25.96 bn150th/199 · 2025 | $18.01 bn152nd/199 · 2025 |
| GDP per person USD | $7,899114th/210 · 2025 | $14,81787th/210 · 2025 |
| GDP per person (PPP) intl. USD | $19,263109th/199 · 2025 | $35,42373rd/199 · 2025 |
| GNI per person (Atlas) USD | $7,760105th/201 · 2025 | $14,15079th/201 · 2025 |
| GDP growth % | 3.6%95th/210 · 2025 | 2.7%125th/210 · 2025 |
| Inflation % | 3.9%115th/180 · 2025 | 3.9%120th/180 · 2025 |
| Unemployment % | — | 13.6%169th/187 · 2025 |
| General government gross debt % of GDP | — | 63.5%121st/189 · 2025 |
| Government budget balance % of GDP | — | -4.3%139th/192 · 2025 |
| Main industries | ||
| Agriculture, forestry, fishing % of GDP | 7.4%90th/197 · 2025 | 3.4%123rd/197 · 2025 |
| Industry incl. construction % of GDP | 25.0%87th/200 · 2025 | 11.3%178th/200 · 2025 |
| Manufacturing % of GDP | 12.5%72nd/192 · 2025 | 3.3%167th/192 · 2024 |
| Services % of GDP | 46.2%165th/200 · 2025 | 63.4%65th/200 · 2025 |
| Trade | ||
| Exports of goods & services USD | $5.47 bn130th/182 · 2025 | $3.70 bn140th/182 · 2025 |
| Imports of goods & services USD | $9.25 bn121st/182 · 2025 | $6.07 bn136th/182 · 2025 |
| Exports % of GDP | 44.0%66th/183 · 2025 | 40.1%82nd/183 · 2025 |
| Imports % of GDP | 74.2%27th/183 · 2025 | 65.7%44th/183 · 2025 |
| Trade openness % of GDP | 118.2%43rd/183 · 2025 | 105.8%54th/183 · 2025 |
| Fuel exports % of merchandise exports | — | 23.8%35th/170 · 2025 |
| Manufactures exports % of merchandise exports | — | 36.9%82nd/171 · 2025 |
| Food exports % of merchandise exports | — | 18.6%79th/171 · 2025 |
| Ores & metals exports % of merchandise exports | — | 14.5%33rd/171 · 2025 |
| High-tech exports % of manufactured exports | — | 14.5%49th/168 · 2024 |
| Current account balance % of GDP | — | -20.6%183rd/191 · 2025 |
| Foreign direct investment, inflows % of GDP | 10.0%19th/196 · 2025 | 7.3%27th/196 · 2025 |
| Natural resources | ||
| Natural resource rents % of GDP | 0.9%118th/209 · 2021 | 0.6%125th/209 · 2021 |
| Oil rents % of GDP | 0.00%120th/197 · 2021 | 0.00%120th/197 · 2021 |
| Natural gas rents % of GDP | 0.00%100th/197 · 2021 | 0.00%100th/197 · 2021 |
| Coal rents % of GDP | 0.38%15th/195 · 2021 | 0.14%26th/195 · 2021 |
| Mineral rents % of GDP | 0.55%54th/209 · 2021 | 0.01%80th/209 · 2021 |
| Forest rents % of GDP | 0.00%183rd/209 · 2021 | 0.48%70th/209 · 2021 |
| Arable land % of land area | — | 0.7%192nd/206 · 2024 |
| Tourism | ||
| International tourist arrivals arrivals | — | 351,000136th/194 · 2020 |
| Tourism receipts USD | — | $180.0 m131st/175 · 2020 |
| Tourism receipts % of exports | — | 14.4%43rd/168 · 2020 |
| Society & health | ||
| Life expectancy years | 78.267th/217 · 2024 | 77.975th/217 · 2024 |
| Under-5 mortality per 1,000 births | 8.764th/196 · 2024 | 2.46th/196 · 2024 |
| Physicians per 1,000 people | — | 2.7866th/174 · 2023 |
| Hospital beds per 1,000 people | — | 3.842nd/145 · 2022 |
| DPT immunization % of children 12–23 months | — | 81%142nd/193 · 2024 |
| Completed lower secondary, 25+ % of adults | — | 96.1%23rd/153 · 2020 |
| Secondary enrolment % gross | — | 93.9%85th/173 · 2023 |
| Social protection coverage (incl. pensions) % of population | 42.8%2017 | 56.4%2014 |
| Old-age dependency ratio % of working-age population | 15.1%97th/217 · 2025 | 28.7%43rd/217 · 2025 |
| Health spending % of GDP | — | 9.7%33rd/193 · 2023 |
| Adult literacy % | — | 98.5%2018 |
| Tertiary enrolment % gross | — | 55.2%67th/150 · 2023 |
| Human Development Index index 0–1 | — | 0.86248th/193 · 2023 |
| Income inequality (Gini) index | 38.376th/108 · 2022 | 34.356th/108 · 2021 |
| Extreme poverty % of population | 10.0%85th/108 · 2022 | 2.5%66th/108 · 2021 |
| Infrastructure & digital | ||
| Access to electricity % of population | 100.0%1999 | 100.0%1st/215 · 2024 |
| Safely managed drinking water % of population | — | 85.5%69th/150 · 2024 |
| Safely managed sanitation % of population | — | 50.9%83rd/144 · 2024 |
| Internet users % of population | 89.4%2018 | 88.9%65th/186 · 2024 |
| Mobile subscriptions per 100 people | 35207th/210 · 2022 | 2223rd/210 · 2024 |
| Fixed broadband per 100 people | — | 32.350th/208 · 2024 |
| Trade & transport infrastructure quality (LPI) score 1–5 | — | 2.5085th/164 · 2022 |
| Rail lines route-km | — | 25081st/82 · 2019 |
| Air passengers carried passengers | — | 379,068119th/161 · 2023 |
| Environment & energy | ||
| Renewable energy % of final energy use | — | 39.6%60th/212 · 2021 |
| Air pollution (PM2.5) µg/m³ | — | 18.5104th/200 · 2023 |
| Forest area % of land area | — | 61.5%30th/214 · 2024 |
| Energy use per person kg oil eq. | 1,2192014 | 1,76564th/149 · 2024 |
| Institutions & safety | ||
| Government effectiveness score 0–100 | 49.9117th/205 · 2025 | 62.065th/205 · 2025 |
| Control of corruption score 0–100 | 42.8108th/207 · 2025 | 49.688th/207 · 2025 |
| Rule of law score 0–100 | 60.493rd/207 · 2025 | 62.188th/207 · 2025 |
| Political stability score 0–100 | 62.5131st/207 · 2025 | 73.583rd/207 · 2025 |
| Regulatory quality score 0–100 | 52.1114th/205 · 2025 | 59.179th/205 · 2025 |
| Voice & accountability score 0–100 | 59.297th/205 · 2025 | 65.077th/205 · 2025 |
| Homicide rate per 100,000 | 1.965th/145 · 2021 | 0.829th/145 · 2023 |
| Military | ||
| Military expenditure USD | $234.5 m120th/156 · 2025 | $176.5 m131st/156 · 2025 |
| Military expenditure % of GDP | 1.9%74th/156 · 2025 | 1.9%70th/156 · 2025 |
| Military expenditure % of government spending | 5.9%62nd/154 · 2025 | 4.4%98th/154 · 2025 |
| Armed forces personnel people | — | 12,000124th/170 · 2020 |
| Armed forces personnel % of labour force | — | 4.66%5th/168 · 2020 |
| Arms imports (SIPRI TIV) TIV | 8.0 m116th/163 · 2025 | 1.0 m150th/163 · 2025 |
| Arms exports (SIPRI TIV) TIV | — | 4.0 m51st/65 · 2022 |
| Science & innovation | ||
| R&D spending % of GDP | — | 0.36%2019 |
| Patent applications by residents applications | — | 1593rd/137 · 2024 |
| Scientific articles articles | 495101st/197 · 2023 | 255119th/197 · 2023 |
Questions and answers
Which has more people, Kosovo or Montenegro?
Kosovo has the larger population: 1.6 m (2025) compared with 623,129 for Montenegro (2025). Source: World Bank, SP.POP.TOTL.
Which economy is larger, Kosovo or Montenegro?
Kosovo has the larger economy at purchasing power parity: $30.38 bn intl. (2025) compared with $22.07 bn intl. for Montenegro (2025). Source: World Bank, NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD.
Which is richer per person, Kosovo or Montenegro?
Montenegro has the higher GDP per person (PPP): $35,423 intl. (2025) compared with $19,263 intl. for Kosovo (2025). Source: World Bank, NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD.
Where do people live longer, in Kosovo or Montenegro?
Kosovo has the higher life expectancy at birth: 78.2 years (2024) compared with 77.9 years for Montenegro (2024). Source: World Bank, SP.DYN.LE00.IN.
Which spends more on the military, Kosovo or Montenegro?
Kosovo spends more on the military: $234.5 m (2025) compared with $176.5 m for Montenegro (2025). Source: World Bank, MS.MIL.XPND.CD.
Which ranks higher in the NationsTree Index, Kosovo or Montenegro?
Montenegro: 53.5 points (74th in the world); Kosovo: 48.7 points (95th). The index combines foundations, economic strength, quality of life, problems and 5-year direction from public statistics.
Iceland
Moldova
North Macedonia
Andorra
Faroe Islands
Greenland
San MarinoSources
World Bank World Development Indicators and Worldwide Governance Indicators, compiling UN agencies, the IMF, WHO, SIPRI and national statistical offices; every row links to its world ranking with the source series. See Sources & licences and Methodology.
Cite as: NationsTree (2026). Kosovo vs Montenegro — country comparison. https://nationstree.org/compare/kosovo-vs-montenegro. Data as of 26 October 2026.