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Greece vs Portugal
Side-by-side comparison of Greece and Portugal from official statistics: size, economy, people, trade, natural resources, health, infrastructure and military, with world ranks, years and sources.
Greece
Europe & Central Asia · nation age 205 years
Portugal
Europe & Central Asia · nation age 887 years
In short
Portugal scores 76.7 in the NationsTree Index (13th in the world) and Greece scores 70.4 (35th), a gap of 6.3 points. Their trees are 14 m and 16 m tall; tree height grows with real GDP and is adjusted by the index.
Greece and Portugal have a similar population. Greece has 43% more land area than Portugal. The economy of Portugal is 22% larger than that of Greece (GDP at purchasing power parity). Population: Greece 10.4 million and Portugal 10.8 million (2025).
GDP per person at purchasing power parity is $53,146 in Portugal and $45,264 in Greece (2025, international dollars). People in Portugal live on average 0.5 years longer (82.4 vs 81.8 years).
Of 37 indicators reported by both countries, Greece ranks higher in the world on 12 and Portugal on 25. Greece is clearly stronger in military. Portugal is clearly stronger in institutions & safety and environment & energy.
As a nation, Portugal is the older of the two (statehood since 1139, 887 years), compared with Greece (since 1821). Over the last five years Portugal improved faster (direction score 73 vs 68 out of 100).
Where they differ most
The indicators with the biggest gap in world position between Greece and Portugal.
Over time
How the two countries moved against each other, from the yearly data.
Portugal overtook Greece in population in 2023 and has stayed ahead since.
Portugal overtook Greece in life expectancy in 2019 and has stayed ahead since.
Portugal overtook Greece in GDP (PPP) in 2012 and has stayed ahead since.
Portugal overtook Greece in GDP per person (PPP) in 2011 and has stayed ahead since.
Portugal overtook Greece in the NationsTree Index in 2008 and has stayed ahead since.
Strength by category
Average world percentile of the indicators in each category (0–100, direction taken into account). i
GreecePortugal All indicators
Latest available value for each country with its year and world rank. Green: the better world position of the two, red: the weaker one.
| Indicator | Greece | Portugal |
|---|---|---|
| Land & people | ||
| Surface area km² | 131,96097th/216 · 2024 | 92,230112th/216 · 2024 |
| Land area km² | 128,90096th/216 · 2024 | 91,606109th/216 · 2024 |
| Population people | 10.4 m93rd/217 · 2025 | 10.8 m89th/217 · 2025 |
| Population growth % | 0.08%165th/217 · 2025 | 1.03%101st/217 · 2025 |
| Population density people/km² | 80.7122nd/216 · 2024 | 116.794th/216 · 2024 |
| Urban population % | 79.2%63rd/217 · 2025 | 61.5%122nd/217 · 2025 |
| Population aged 0–14 % | 12.9%206th/217 · 2025 | 12.7%208th/217 · 2025 |
| Population aged 65+ % | 24.4%6th/217 · 2025 | 24.9%5th/217 · 2025 |
| Economy | ||
| GDP USD | $280.64 bn52nd/210 · 2025 | $346.64 bn46th/210 · 2025 |
| GDP (PPP) intl. USD | $471.37 bn56th/199 · 2025 | $574.23 bn51st/199 · 2025 |
| Real GDP (PPP, constant 2021 prices) intl. USD 2021 | $398.01 bn55th/199 · 2025 | $460.04 bn51st/199 · 2025 |
| GDP per person USD | $26,94863rd/210 · 2025 | $32,08256th/210 · 2025 |
| GDP per person (PPP) intl. USD | $45,26459th/199 · 2025 | $53,14647th/199 · 2025 |
| GNI per person (Atlas) USD | $25,36056th/201 · 2025 | $29,93049th/201 · 2025 |
| GDP growth % | 2.1%144th/210 · 2025 | 1.9%150th/210 · 2025 |
| Inflation % | 2.5%79th/180 · 2025 | 2.3%69th/180 · 2025 |
| Unemployment % | 8.5%139th/187 · 2025 | 6.2%113th/187 · 2025 |
| Central government debt % of GDP | — | 5.7%1994 |
| General government gross debt % of GDP | 146.6%185th/189 · 2025 | 89.7%159th/189 · 2025 |
| Government budget balance % of GDP | 1.7%26th/192 · 2025 | 0.7%29th/192 · 2025 |
| Main industries | ||
| Agriculture, forestry, fishing % of GDP | 3.6%119th/197 · 2025 | 2.0%146th/197 · 2025 |
| Industry incl. construction % of GDP | 15.2%160th/200 · 2025 | 18.3%138th/200 · 2025 |
| Manufacturing % of GDP | 9.1%112th/192 · 2025 | 11.3%84th/192 · 2025 |
| Services % of GDP | 67.4%45th/200 · 2025 | 66.6%47th/200 · 2025 |
| Trade | ||
| Exports of goods & services USD | $110.74 bn47th/182 · 2025 | $151.34 bn40th/182 · 2025 |
| Imports of goods & services USD | $123.45 bn45th/182 · 2025 | $148.16 bn40th/182 · 2025 |
| Exports % of GDP | 39.5%86th/183 · 2025 | 43.7%67th/183 · 2025 |
| Imports % of GDP | 44.0%90th/183 · 2025 | 42.7%95th/183 · 2025 |
| Trade openness % of GDP | 83.5%89th/183 · 2025 | 86.4%84th/183 · 2025 |
| Fuel exports % of merchandise exports | 26.5%33rd/170 · 2025 | 5.1%74th/170 · 2025 |
| Manufactures exports % of merchandise exports | 38.5%78th/171 · 2025 | 75.3%31st/171 · 2025 |
| Food exports % of merchandise exports | 24.1%60th/171 · 2025 | 14.4%93rd/171 · 2025 |
| Ores & metals exports % of merchandise exports | 9.5%39th/171 · 2025 | 2.7%90th/171 · 2025 |
| High-tech exports % of manufactured exports | 15.0%48th/168 · 2024 | 6.8%85th/168 · 2024 |
| Current account balance % of GDP | -5.7%146th/191 · 2025 | 1.2%66th/191 · 2025 |
| Foreign direct investment, inflows % of GDP | 4.8%43rd/196 · 2025 | 3.5%62nd/196 · 2025 |
| Natural resources | ||
| Natural resource rents % of GDP | 0.1%158th/209 · 2021 | 0.3%144th/209 · 2021 |
| Oil rents % of GDP | 0.01%104th/197 · 2021 | 0.05%83rd/197 · 2021 |
| Natural gas rents % of GDP | 0.00%95th/197 · 2021 | 0.00%100th/197 · 2021 |
| Coal rents % of GDP | 0.01%47th/195 · 2021 | 0.00%68th/195 · 2021 |
| Mineral rents % of GDP | 0.05%75th/209 · 2021 | 0.15%66th/209 · 2021 |
| Forest rents % of GDP | 0.01%156th/209 · 2021 | 0.09%114th/209 · 2021 |
| Arable land % of land area | 14.2%77th/206 · 2024 | 9.3%108th/206 · 2024 |
| Renewable freshwater per person m³ | 5,55765th/183 · 2022 | 3,64274th/183 · 2022 |
| Tourism | ||
| International tourist arrivals arrivals | 7.4 m27th/194 · 2020 | 4.2 m41st/194 · 2020 |
| Tourism receipts USD | $6.19 bn26th/175 · 2020 | $10.52 bn19th/175 · 2020 |
| Tourism receipts % of exports | 10.5%57th/168 · 2020 | 12.2%50th/168 · 2020 |
| Outbound trips departures | 2.3 m47th/107 · 2020 | 680,00071st/107 · 2020 |
| Society & health | ||
| Life expectancy years | 81.839th/217 · 2024 | 82.429th/217 · 2024 |
| Under-5 mortality per 1,000 births | 3.829th/196 · 2024 | 3.220th/196 · 2024 |
| Physicians per 1,000 people | 6.584th/174 · 2022 | 5.855th/174 · 2022 |
| Hospital beds per 1,000 people | 4.331st/145 · 2022 | 3.549th/145 · 2022 |
| DPT immunization % of children 12–23 months | 95%59th/193 · 2024 | 99%1st/193 · 2024 |
| Completed lower secondary, 25+ % of adults | 78.4%74th/153 · 2024 | 64.5%93rd/153 · 2024 |
| Secondary enrolment % gross | 105.2%39th/173 · 2023 | 120.3%15th/173 · 2023 |
| Old-age dependency ratio % of working-age population | 38.9%7th/217 · 2025 | 40.0%3rd/217 · 2025 |
| Health spending % of GDP | 8.4%54th/193 · 2023 | 10.2%27th/193 · 2024 |
| Adult literacy % | 93.9%2009 | 94.5%2011 |
| Tertiary enrolment % gross | 165.1%1st/150 · 2023 | 77.7%32nd/150 · 2023 |
| Human Development Index index 0–1 | 0.90834th/193 · 2023 | 0.89040th/193 · 2023 |
| Income inequality (Gini) index | 33.444th/108 · 2023 | 33.952nd/108 · 2023 |
| Extreme poverty % of population | 0.6%39th/108 · 2023 | 0.4%27th/108 · 2023 |
| Infrastructure & digital | ||
| Access to electricity % of population | 100.0%1st/215 · 2024 | 100.0%1st/215 · 2024 |
| Safely managed drinking water % of population | 96.7%46th/150 · 2024 | 95.2%51st/150 · 2024 |
| Safely managed sanitation % of population | 92.9%30th/144 · 2024 | 93.9%27th/144 · 2024 |
| Internet users % of population | 86.3%77th/186 · 2024 | 88.5%68th/186 · 2024 |
| Mobile subscriptions per 100 people | 114110th/210 · 2024 | 12479th/210 · 2024 |
| Fixed broadband per 100 people | 44.715th/208 · 2024 | 45.213th/208 · 2024 |
| Trade & transport infrastructure quality (LPI) score 1–5 | 3.7024th/164 · 2022 | 3.6029th/164 · 2022 |
| Rail lines route-km | 2,33949th/82 · 2021 | 2,52747th/82 · 2021 |
| Air passengers carried passengers | 19.1 m36th/161 · 2023 | 18.3 m37th/161 · 2023 |
| Environment & energy | ||
| CO₂ emissions per person t CO₂e | 5.05151st/203 · 2024 | 3.32114th/203 · 2024 |
| Renewable energy % of final energy use | 21.5%101st/212 · 2021 | 32.3%77th/212 · 2021 |
| Air pollution (PM2.5) µg/m³ | 14.176th/200 · 2023 | 8.837th/200 · 2023 |
| Forest area % of land area | 36.9%88th/214 · 2024 | 36.6%90th/214 · 2024 |
| Energy use per person kg oil eq. | 1,95658th/149 · 2024 | 1,81863rd/149 · 2024 |
| Institutions & safety | ||
| Government effectiveness score 0–100 | 58.977th/205 · 2025 | 73.339th/205 · 2025 |
| Control of corruption score 0–100 | 53.180th/207 · 2025 | 63.648th/207 · 2025 |
| Rule of law score 0–100 | 63.381st/207 · 2025 | 75.934th/207 · 2025 |
| Political stability score 0–100 | 70.593rd/207 · 2025 | 77.965th/207 · 2025 |
| Regulatory quality score 0–100 | 62.761st/205 · 2025 | 65.154th/205 · 2025 |
| Voice & accountability score 0–100 | 73.550th/205 · 2025 | 81.120th/205 · 2025 |
| Homicide rate per 100,000 | 0.832nd/145 · 2023 | 0.724th/145 · 2022 |
| Military | ||
| Military expenditure USD | $8.39 bn34th/156 · 2025 | $5.86 bn46th/156 · 2025 |
| Military expenditure % of GDP | 3.0%32nd/156 · 2025 | 1.7%79th/156 · 2025 |
| Military expenditure % of government spending | 6.0%59th/154 · 2025 | 4.0%110th/154 · 2025 |
| Armed forces personnel people | 147,00042nd/170 · 2020 | 52,00068th/170 · 2020 |
| Armed forces personnel % of labour force | 3.20%15th/168 · 2020 | 1.01%67th/168 · 2020 |
| Arms imports (SIPRI TIV) TIV | 574.0 m17th/163 · 2025 | 90.0 m50th/163 · 2025 |
| Arms exports (SIPRI TIV) TIV | 2.0 m56th/65 · 2025 | 1.0 m61st/65 · 2025 |
| Science & innovation | ||
| R&D spending % of GDP | 1.49%30th/110 · 2023 | 1.69%25th/110 · 2023 |
| Patent applications by residents applications | 36652nd/137 · 2024 | 74338th/137 · 2024 |
| Scientific articles articles | 13,55237th/197 · 2023 | 18,22527th/197 · 2023 |
Questions and answers
Which has more people, Greece or Portugal?
Portugal has the larger population: 10.8 m (2025) compared with 10.4 m for Greece (2025). Source: World Bank, SP.POP.TOTL.
Which is bigger by area, Greece or Portugal?
Greece is larger: 131,960 km² (2024) compared with 92,230 km² for Portugal (2024). Source: World Bank, AG.SRF.TOTL.K2.
Which economy is larger, Greece or Portugal?
Portugal has the larger economy at purchasing power parity: $574.23 bn intl. (2025) compared with $471.37 bn intl. for Greece (2025). Source: World Bank, NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD.
Which is richer per person, Greece or Portugal?
Portugal has the higher GDP per person (PPP): $53,146 intl. (2025) compared with $45,264 intl. for Greece (2025). Source: World Bank, NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD.
Where do people live longer, in Greece or Portugal?
Portugal has the higher life expectancy at birth: 82.4 years (2024) compared with 81.8 years for Greece (2024). Source: World Bank, SP.DYN.LE00.IN.
Which spends more on the military, Greece or Portugal?
Greece spends more on the military: $8.39 bn (2025) compared with $5.86 bn for Portugal (2025). Source: World Bank, MS.MIL.XPND.CD.
Which ranks higher in the NationsTree Index, Greece or Portugal?
Portugal: 76.7 points (13th in the world); Greece: 70.4 points (35th). The index combines foundations, economic strength, quality of life, problems and 5-year direction from public statistics.
Denmark
Finland
Hungary
Uzbekistan
NorwaySources
World Bank World Development Indicators and Worldwide Governance Indicators, compiling UN agencies, the IMF, WHO, SIPRI and national statistical offices; every row links to its world ranking with the source series. See Sources & licences and Methodology.
Cite as: NationsTree (2026). Greece vs Portugal — country comparison. https://nationstree.org/compare/greece-vs-portugal. Data as of 26 October 2026.